What does the Italian flag symbolize? Flag of Italy - Flag of Italy

The national flag of a state is considered an important sign of statehood. Using certain flags, you can study the very history of the emergence and development of the state. Numerous modern powers of Europe acquired their own final national development quite recently, but even in ancient times peoples had their own symbolic flags.

Several centuries ago, the Italian state did not yet exist, but on the Apennine Peninsula there were ancient formations that had their own attributes. Italy is one of the few countries that previously had a large variety of flags. For each individual city of ancient Italy there were separate banners and flags.

Meaning of the state symbol, solemn celebration

The Italian flag is depicted as three vertical stripes, green, white and red. The sequence of colors is exactly the same. It is displayed on a panel with proportions of 2:3.

The flag of Italy or “il tricolore” - as the residents themselves call it, is the most important symbol of the Italians, and they present its designation as a reflection of faith, love and hope. The tricolor of green, white and red originated earlier than the state itself, but still does not have an exact designation. Most Italians assume that green represents faith, white represents hope, and red represents love.

January 7 is recognized as the official national flag holiday in Italy. Despite the absence of an official day off, Italian National Flag Day is celebrated by Italians with pomp and ceremony. Italians treat the special designation of their homeland with care and reverence, while the majority of the Italian people supported the authorities in the proposal to introduce a fine for public desecration of an attribute of the state, namely the national flag of Italy. Thus, in 2005, a fine of 5 to 10 thousand euros was introduced for desecration of the national flag in public places. The violator will have to pay a fine to the Italian treasury.

History of the flag

The history of the creation of the flag itself began in the 17th century, but it has still not been possible for all people interested in its formation to determine who exactly is behind the creation of the Italian tricolor. There are only a few versions of the formation of state attributes.

The most popular version of the creation of the national flag is associated with two students from Bolkon University. It consisted of the following. University students Luigi Zamboni and Giovanni Battista De Rolandis formed a riot in the fall of 1794. The rioters used cockades in the colors of the flag that have survived to this day, but the riot was quickly liquidated. Luigi Zamboni committed suicide, and Giovanni Battista De Rolandis was executed in public by other citizens of the state, but the memory of the students remains to this day. Changes in the tricolor occurred only in two points: the stripes turned over from a horizontal position to a vertical one, and the coats of arms in the center of the flag were abandoned. Later, the flag underwent a transformation: instead of stripes, squares were depicted. Then the Emperor himself ordered the flag to be changed. The following order followed: “so that an eagle flaunts on the country’s flag.” It was only after the end of World War II that the eagle lost its place on the flag.

There is another unusual legend about the adoption of exactly this color scheme for the flag. According to some experts who have studied the history of the emergence of Italian paraphernalia, it was borrowed from the city of Milan, or rather from its banner. There were white and red colors on it. The color green was also directly related to the city of Milan; it was there, in the Civil Guard, that green uniforms were worn.

The most plausible version, according to most experts, is that the colors of the Italian flag originated from the French national flag. In 1796 it was developed under Napoleon, borrowing heavily from the French flag.

However, initially the stripes had a horizontal position, and only in 1798 they began to be positioned vertically. Despite the fame of the development of state symbols with an eye on France, to this day it remains unknown who exactly proposed painting the canvas in exactly this color scheme.

Despite the fact that the full history of the appearance of the national flag of Italy remains completely unknown, this has its advantages. First of all, this provides an opportunity for all Italian citizens to adhere to the version they like best. It is worth noting that for more than two hundred years the Italian flag has not undergone any changes or additions. This only speaks of the stable development of a given state and the right choice in favor of the type of state attribute.

State ensign share 2: 3 Accepted October 24, 2003 design

Option Flag

usage naval ensign share 2: 3 Accepted November 9, 1947 design Damaged Italian tricolor

Flag of Italy(Italian: Bandiera d'Italia), which is often called in Italian or tricolor (Italian [il trikoloːre]); is tri-color with three equally sized vertical fences in green, white and red, with green on the rise side. Its current form had been in service since June 18, 1946, and was officially adopted on January 1, 1948.

The first entity to use the Italian tricolor was the Cispadane Republic in 1797, which supplanted Milan after Napoleon's victorious army crossed Italy in 1796. The colors chosen by the Cispadane Republic were red and white, which were the colors of the newly conquered flag of Milan; and green, which was the color of the uniform of the Milanese Civil Guard. During this time, many small Franco-proxy republics of Jacobin inspiration supplanted the ancient absolute Italian states and almost all, with variations in color, the flags used were characterized by three stripes of equal size, clearly inspired by the French model of 1790.

Some associate specific meanings for the colors, and a common interpretation is that green represents the country's plains and hills; white, snow-capped Alps; and red, the blood shed in the wars of Italian independence and unification. A more religious interpretation is that green represents hope, white represents faith, and red represents charity; it refers to the three theological virtues.

Napoleonic era

The tricolor is reported to have been used for the first time on 13–14 November 1794 on a cockade worn by a group of university students in Bologna, led by Luigi Zamboni and Giovanni Battista De Rolandis [ is not it ] who tried to build a popular rebellion to overthrow the Catholic government of Bologna, a city that was part of the Papal Empire at the time. The Rights students defined themselves as "patriots" and wore tricolor cockades to signal they were inspired by Jacobin revolutionary ideals, but modified them to distinguish themselves from the French. The colors chosen were white and red, since those are the colors of the Bologna flag; some scholars argue that green was added only for the occasion, to give it a more ideological effect; Not everyone agrees that the cockades used by the Bolognese conspirators were actually three colors, as a myth that may have been created a year later. On 18 May 1796, a cockade with those colors, commemorating the Bolognese riots, was reportedly presented to Napoleon Bonaparte in Milan, who decided banners with the same colors would be carried by the Milan Civil Guard of the Lombard Legion and the National Guard.

First official tricolor Italiano, or the Italian tricolor was adopted on January 7, 1797, when the XIV Parliament of the Cispadane Republic, on the proposal of the deputy Giuseppe Compagnoni of Luga, decree "to make a universal and... standard or flag of three colors, green, white and red ..."This was probably because Legione Lombarda carried banners of red, white (from the flag of Milan) and green (from the uniform of the Civil Guard), and the same colors were later adopted into the banners Legione Italiana which was formed by soldiers coming from Emilia and Romagna. The flag was a horizontal square with a red top and, based on a white fess, the emblem consists of a garland of laurel, decorated with a trophy of arms and four arrows, representing the four provinces that formed the Republic. However, many Italians believe that the tricolor, or tricolor flag, represents hope (green), faith (white) and love (red) - apt words to describe such a Bel Paese "beautiful country".

That same year, after Napoleon crowned himself the first French Emperor, the Italian Republic was transformed into the first Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy, or Italico under his direct control. The flag of the Kingdom of Italy was that of the republic in a rectangular shape, raised with a golden Napoleonic eagle. It remained in use until Napoleon's abdication in 1814.

Kingdom of Italy

Kingdom of Italy

usage	Civil flag and ensign
share	2: 3
Accepted	1861 (Sardinia 1851)
design	Vertical tricolor green, white, red, erased weapons of Savoy
usage	National flag, state and naval ensign
share	2: 3
Accepted	1861 (Sardinia 1851)
design	Vertical tricolor green, white, red, erased weapons of Savoy And crowns
Variant flag of the Kingdom of Italy
usage	war flag
share	1: 1
Accepted	One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one (Sardinia 1848)
design	Damaged Italian tricolor

Between 1848 and 1861, a sequence of events led to the independence and unification of Italy (except for Venetia, Rome, Trento and Trieste, known as Italia unreunited, which were united with the rest of Italy in 1866, 1870 and 1918 respectively); this period of Italian history is known as Risorgimento, or renewal. During this period, tricolor became a symbol that united all the efforts of the Italian people towards freedom and independence.

1859 State flag of the Provisional Government of Tuscany; civil flag undifferenced from Sardinia.

Italians are proud of their ancient history, and proudly display images of the Italian flag and coat of arms in their government buildings. These national symbols are strongly associated with the history of the country and are of great importance for Italy.

Italian flag: history, description

In the 18th century, the colors of the modern flag of the state appeared for the first time in the political arena of Italy. They arose during the revolt of two students from Bologna who wanted to achieve independence for their province.

It is believed that Bonaparte himself, who was preparing the invasion of Italy, helped these two students, who bore the names Zamboni and De Rolandis..

Young people wanted to free Bologna from the rule of Pope Pius the Sixth. The rebels and their accomplices wore cockades of three colors: green, red and white.

The green symbol was the shade of the Italian police. Today it is identified with hope for a bright future. The conspiracy against papal authority for the students ended in torture and execution. Napoleon did not give up his idea, and captured part of the Italian territories, founding the Cispadane Republic on them.

Napoleon founded a new province, which included Bologna, Reggio, Modena and Ferrara, which was conditionally free. The flag of the province was a canvas with a tricolor and horizontal stripes, as well as a coat of arms in the middle.

When Napoleon established a kingdom in Italy, the imperial eagle was added to the flag. Then Bonaparte was overthrown, but the flag was not forgotten and continued to be used.

In 1947, the green-white-red flag with vertical and equal stripes was finally approved. The shades on the flag are now believed to mean the following:

• Green – hope:
• White – cross of Ambrose of Milan;
• Red – blood shed in the struggle for liberation.

Today, the flag of Italy looks laconic, restrained and expressive; the coat of arms is no longer depicted on it, but the second most important symbol of the state is used separately.

The last coat of arms of Italy

The current Italian coat of arms was created in 1948. To choose the best option, a competition was announced in Italy, where many outstanding artists offered their options for the main symbols of the country.

The winner was Paolo Paschetto. He proposed a black and white sketch that showed a five-pointed star with a ribbon, a cogwheel and olive branches.

At the bottom of the coat of arms, the inscription “Republic of Italy” later appeared on a red background. The olive branches in it are symbols of peace and goodness, and the star is interpreted as the protection of the nation.

The wheel is a reference to history and Ancient Rome. The coat of arms itself is made in the same colors as the flag of the Italian state. This sign is enshrined in Italy by law and is depicted on all important documents.

The flag of Italy consists of three equal vertical stripes of different colors, that is, it is a tricolor. There is a green stripe along the left side, a white stripe in the center, and a red stripe along the right side. The red and white colors were taken from the national flag of the Duchy of Milan, green was added to represent the Civil Guard of Milan.

The green color on the Italian flag represents hope and joy, white represents peace and honesty, and red represents strength and valor. Also, the colors of the Italian flag can be interpreted as follows: red symbolizes the fierce struggle for a united and independent state, green – the landscapes and landscapes of Italy, and white – the Alps with snow-capped tops.

History of the Flag of Italy

The Italian tricolor is supposedly based on the French flag. Napoleon's troops brought the flag to Italy in 1797, and on January 7, 1797, the XIV Parliament of the Cispadan Republic officially approved the flag. After the integration of the Cispadan Republic and the Transpadan Republic, the tricolor came to represent the larger state. Although the Italian Republic (which existed from 1802-1805) adopted a new flag, the tricolor remained in circulation as the state flag of the Kingdom of Sardinia, and later, in 1861, as the flag of the Kingdom of Italy, which helped unify the nation. However, on these flags, images of the crown and shield of the House of Savoy were placed in the center. At the end of World War II, on June 19, 1946, the Italian Republic officially adopted a simple tricolor, without any images. In November 1947, the country's naval symbols were added to the country's civil and naval flags to distinguish the flag of Italy from the flag of Mexico.

Flag of the Italian Republic Approved Proportion

Italy

November 30, 1947 November 30, 1947

Flag of Italy- one of the state symbols of the Italian Republic, is a rectangular panel consisting of three vertical equal-sized stripes: green at the pole edge, white in the middle, and red at the free edge of the panel. The ratio of the width of the flag to its length is 2:3.

Story

Until the 60s of the 19th century, Italy consisted of many fragmented states and each of these states had its own flag and coat of arms. The modern Italian flag was developed under Napoleon, during the annexation of the Italian states to the First French Empire, and was close to the design of the revolutionary flag of France. The basis was taken from the heraldic colors of Milan (the cross of Ambrose of Milan), white and red, as well as green - the color of the local police uniform. Approved as the flag of the Cispadan Republic on December 9, 1797. Subsequently, these same colors were used in the flag of the Cisalpine Republic, the Italian Napoleonic Republic, and the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy. However, in two extreme cases the design of the flags differed from the French one. In the first case - a red cloth with a white rhombus with a green rectangle in it, in the second - a red cloth with a white rhombus with a green rectangle in it and the golden eagle of the French Empire. After the defeat of Napoleon, the Italian states created and subordinated to him disintegrated and the green-white-red tricolor was forgotten for several decades.

After 1830, a flag in the form of the French “tricolor”, but with a green stripe instead of blue, began to be used by revolutionary movements fighting for the freedom of a united Italy. It was under this flag that the unification of Italy took place, led by the monarch of the Sardinian kingdom, Emmanuel II - the king approved it as a national [ethnic] flag in 1848, declaring a course towards the unification of all Italian states. The same “tricolor” was taken as the basis for the state flag of the Sardinian kingdom, on which the heraldic shield of the coat of arms of the Savoy dynasty was additionally placed on a white stripe.

In the united Kingdom of Italy (1861-1946), the same vertical green-white-red “tricolor” without a coat of arms was adopted as the national [ethnic] flag, and the state flag of the Sardinian Kingdom of 1848 was adopted as the state flag of the Kingdom of Italy. However, soon this state flag underwent a slight change - in order to avoid merging the white and red colors of the coat of arms with the same colors on the flag, a blue border was added to the dynastic coat of arms. The state flag of the Kingdom of Italy was also its naval flag.

Despite the completely official use of the above-established state symbols, the law on the state flag of the Kingdom of Italy did not exist as such until 1925 (such a law existed only for military banners), and only in 1925 were the types of state and national flags legally defined (the latter was also approved in as a civilian), retaining their appearance without significant changes, only the royal crown was added above the coat of arms on the state flag.

In 1946, in connection with the liquidation of the monarchy in the country and the creation of the republic, the Savoy coat of arms was removed from the national flag, thereby bringing the state, civil and national [ethnic] flags to uniformity. However, a similar flag was approved back in 1943 in the Italian Social Republic formed by the German occupation authorities.

In 1922, after the establishment of the fascist regime of Mussolini in Italy, the state flag did not change, however, new flags of fascist and imperial institutions of power appeared. The lictorial fasces of Ancient Rome were chosen as the main symbol of Italian fascism. The flag of the ruling national fascist party was a black cloth with a golden fascia in its center. The flag of the Duce (First Minister of Italy) had a blue cloth with a gold border and also a gold fascia in the middle. Some flags of the Italian colonies contained both the symbolism of the House of Savoy and the fasces, or local symbols and the fasces, as in the case of the flag of the Albanian Kingdom occupied by Italy in 1939.

On July 6, 2005, the Italian Parliament passed a law according to which in Italy a fine of 1,000 to 1,500 euros will be imposed for desecration of the national flag.

Size and colors

In 2003, the government decided on the exact colors of the Italian flag, but the chosen shades sparked heated debate and were later changed. The final version was approved in 2006.

Scheme Green White Red

The aspect ratio of the flag is 2:3, the stripes are the same width.

Flag of Italy. Colors of the national flag of Italy

One of the three symbols of the state is the flag. Usually the color of the flag, its size, shape, the presence of a coat of arms or other symbols, and generally the way it looks, reflects the history of the country.

Possible origins of the flag's colors

Italy is an ancient country. The entire European civilization was born here, wars were fought, new countries appeared. And all this was to some extent reflected by the Italian flag. The history of the final version of the state symbol does not have a clear interpretation. The tricolor - the colors green, white, red - are interpreted differently. There are playful statements (“the colors of pasta, greens and tomatoes”), there are strict and solemn ones - justice, equality, brotherhood. White and green colors are often compared to the snows and valleys of Italy. And red is sometimes associated with the color of blood shed for the liberation and unification of the beloved country.

Appearance of the Italian flag

The national flag of Italy is a panel of three equal-sized and multi-colored parts (the ratio of the lengths of the sides is 2:3). The official interpretation is as follows: green color (the first color from the shaft) symbolizes faith, white color - hope, red color - love. It sounds beautiful and symbolic for this cheerful, melodious and sunny country. Now the stripes are located vertically, in the original version they were horizontal. Whatever the versions of the origin of the banner, it cannot be denied that white and red colors have been inherent in state symbols since ancient times. In Italy, the most revered saint is Ambrose of Milan (Mediolan - in ancient times Milan), the baptist of St. Augustine. His lifetime authority was so great that this figure influenced public policy. Along with Jerome of Stridon, Aurelius Augustine the Blessed and Gregory the Great, he is one of the greatest teachers of the Latin Church. As Bishop of Milan, Ambrose of Milan enjoyed boundless respect, people's trust and love. His cross consisted of two colors - white and red, then they turned into the heraldic colors of Milan, the color of the law enforcement uniform of which was green.

First appearance

The current flag of Italy first appeared in the form of the banner of the Lombard Legion in 1796. It differed from the modern banner only in its square shape. His appearance was preceded by very tragic events. There was no Italy as such at that time, and the Apennine Peninsula was covered by numerous scattered kingdoms and counties. Many of them were under the strict control of the Papal State. The northern city of Bologna is famous for its oldest university, founded in 1088. This is where student unrest began in 1794. Napoleon was still considered a liberator at that time, and university youth literally prayed to him. Two leaders of the uprising - Luigi Zamboni (according to some evidence, he initially acted in the interests of Bonaparte) and Giovani Batista De Rolandis - led the rebellion, composed an anthem and came up with cockade ribbons similar to the French ones, but with national colors - green, white and red. The leaders of the uprising died tragically. But soon Italy was conquered by Napoleon, and the heroes were solemnly reburied on Mount Montagnola. And the colors of the flag - a symbol of rebellion - were transferred to the banner.

Other origins of the flag

But not everyone agrees with such a romantic version and argues that the flag of Italy (according to V. Fiorini, the famous musician) absorbed the colors of Milan, which was so authoritative at that time. There are also very prosaic options: as if at the moment when a symbol of the revolution was needed to raise the spirit, it was sewn by an overheated patriot from scraps of material, without actually being guided by any rules.

Under the auspices of France, new state entities are beginning to be created. Thus, the small regions of Morena, Reggio, Ferrara and Bologna reunited and formed the Cispadan Republic (located on this side of the Po River) in 1796, the state flag of which was a tricolor tricolor with vertical stripes. A little later, the kingdom of Emilia-Romagna became part of it. In the same year, the Bologna Senate officially approved the banner.

First appearance of the final cut

Even then, at the end of the 18th century, the banner of this small republic looked exactly the same as the flag of Italy now, in our days. Time passed, and the consolidation of small principalities through their merger continued. In 1797, the Cisalpine Republic was formed, which included states located on both sides of the Po River - Cispadensky and Transpadensky. The banner remained the same. In 1802, the newly formed country was renamed the Italian Republic, and in 1805 - the Kingdom of Italy, which added the title of monarch to Napoleon. This continued until the fall of Bonaparte's empire.

The flag of Italy was revived in the glorious era of the Risorgimento (literally - “rebirth”) - the era of the country’s liberation from the Austrian occupation (Ethel Lilian Voynich’s novel “The Gadfly” is dedicated to this time) and further unification. However, the coat of arms of the Savoy dynasty appeared on the white part of the cloth, because Italy, thanks to the actions of the liberal Risorgimento party, again became a monarchical state. Giuseppe Garibaldi, who did so much to liberate the country, belonged to the democratic wing that fought to keep Italy a republic. Officially, the coat of arms of the Savoy dynasty was abolished only in 1946. And during the time of Mussolini, the state flag had different symbolism - a fastia (or fascio, which is where the name fascism came from) was depicted on a white field.

Modern history of the flag

What does the Italian flag look like now? It has not changed since 1946. In 2005, laws were passed to prevent desecration of the flag with a fine for violation of 1000 to 1500 euros, and for committing this action in a public place - up to 10,000 in the same currency. Italians, with their characteristic temperament, love everything connected with their homeland. The colors of the Italian flag are present everywhere - from culinary decorations to interior design, furniture and clothing. The banner itself adorns many balconies just like that, not on holidays.

There are several state banners in the world that are very similar to the Italian state banner. In terms of color, these are the banners of Bulgaria, Hungary, India, Mexico and Ireland. The last two are also similar in the direction of the stripes - they are vertical. Most of all, the Italian flag, a photo of which could be seen in the article, resembles the Irish one, the only difference is in the shades of red.

Flag of Spain

Flag of the Kingdom of Spain Approved Proportion

Spain

Valid flag option for private use December 6, 1978

Flag of Spain consists of three horizontal stripes - two equal red ones, upper and lower, between which there is a yellow stripe, the width of which is twice the width of each red stripe. On the yellow stripe at a distance of 1/3 from the pole edge of the cloth there is an image of the coat of arms of Spain.

The flag of Spain in its modern form has existed since 1785, when King Carlos III of Bourbon ordered Spanish warships to use signs to distinguish them from ships of other countries - the white naval standard of Spain, decorated with the coat of arms of the House of Bourbon, could easily be confused with the standards of ships of other countries. Since then, red and yellow colors have traditionally been associated with Spain, although they were adopted as state colors only in 1927.

In 1931, a republic was proclaimed and a new flag was adopted, which was a rectangular panel with three equal stripes: red, yellow and purple. However, in 1939, the military rebellion of General Francisco Franco finally ended the republic, and the yellow-red flag, which was formally approved back in 1936 immediately after the outbreak of the civil war, was restored.

Historical flags of Spain

Links

• Flag on the site Flags of the World
• History of the Flag of Spain

European Countries: Flags

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Unrecognized and partially recognized states Spain Spain in topics History Symbols Politics Armed forces Economy Geography Society Culture Prehistoric Iberia Pre-Roman population of Spain Carthaginian possessions in Spain Roman Spain Byzantine Spain Arab period Reconquista Golden Age of Spain Habsburg Spain Age of Enlightenment New and modern times First Spanish Republic Carlist Wars Second Spanish Republic Civil War Francoist Spain Modern Spain Rulers of Spain Coat of Arms Flag Anthem Political system Constitution Parliament Governmentru en (Prime Minister) Political parties Legislative system Executive system Judicial system Foreign policy Domestic policy Navy Air Force Ground Forces Currency Tourism (world heritage) Transport Postal services (history and stamps) Financial crisis Capital Administrative division Cities Municipalities Comarca Rivers Mountains Islands Population Languages ​​(Spanish) Science Education Sportsru en Religion (Catholicism Orthodoxy Protestantism) Cinema Literature Musicru en Holidays Kitchen Architecture Portal "Spain" Project "Spain" What do the colors of the Italian flag represent? Forest_group representative Is Wikipedia closed? Banned in Yandex? Today there is no clear answer to the question about the meaning of the colors of the Italian flag. However, the most correct version was proposed by V. Fiorini that the colors of the flag correspond to the colors of the Milan police uniform. The police's clothes were white and green, later red was added color when the police became the Italian National Guard (19 August 1976 of the year) . On January 7, 1797, the Tsizpadan Republic authorizes (in city ​​of Reggio Emilia) law on the tricolor flag (white, red and green) with horizontal stripes. This flag was first introduced on public display at the parade held on February 12, 1797. IN In the same year 1979, the Cisalpine Republic was born, whose flag becomes similar to French, only the blue color is replaced by green, and the stripes become vertical. With the birth of the Italian Republic (1802) when Bonaparte becomes First Consul, traditional tricolor flag, too reminiscent of revolutionary events, takes the form of concentric squares. Three years later (1805) from the birth of the Kingdom of Italy appears in the center of the flag imperial eagle on a green square background. March 27, 1848 on The meeting of the Ministers of the Kingdom of Sardinia adopted a resolution on further changes to the flag. In the center of the tricolor flag was now depicts a shield of the Savoy dynasty in a blue frame. In 1861, on top of the shield a crown was added. In 1848, after the appearance of various revolutionary movements, the states of the peninsula established their own flags. In 1923, a Royal Decree promulgated the official statute on the national flag. In 1946, after the Birth of the Italian Republic tricolor Italian flag loses royal symbol Savoy. This is how it has survived to this day.