What is included in social protection. The work of social protection bodies

The concept of "social service"

The activities of all social services on the territory of the Russian Federation, which provide social support to vulnerable groups of the population, provide social, household, medical, pedagogical and legal services, as well as material assistance at different levels (pensions, benefits, scholarships, payments) are elements of social services.

Also, social services include the implementation of measures for social adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens from vulnerable segments of the population who are in difficult life situations, as well as forced migrants, orphans, disabled people, pensioners. Thus, the variety of activities and the ways of its implementation make social services a separate branch of the social sphere.

Remark 1

Social services can be successfully provided only when all organs performing this function interact with each other. In addition, the most important, supreme body, which regulates the work of smaller institutions (regional, regional, city, and even those that exist in rural areas, plays an important role, although this happens extremely rarely).

Ministry of Labor and Social Protection

The Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation (in other words, this abbreviation is represented as the Ministry of Labor of Russia) is a federal ministry. Its scope of activity includes functions that are aimed at developing state and social policy for regulation (including legal regulation) in the following areas:

• demography;
• work;
• living standards and incomes of the population;
• salary;
• pension provision. Pension provision also includes such an industry as non-state pension provision.

In addition, the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation is actively aimed at regulating activities in the field of social insurance, monitoring working conditions and its protection, as well as social protection of the population in general and the individual in particular, social services for the population. Today, other activities are not possible without this Ministry, since it is this organization that exerts the greatest influence and controls those spheres of life and strata of the population that often remain invisible, since they are considered less useful for the state.

Remark 2

Under the control of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Population of the Russian Federation is the management of state property, as well as the provision of public services in specific areas of activity (health care, education, professionalization and employment, as well as many others).

Social protection authorities

The bodies responsible for the social protection of the population belong to the federal executive bodies. Until 1996, there were several key bodies in Russia:

• Ministry of Social Protection of the Population of the Russian Federation, Department of Social Protection of the Population in the Regions, Departments of Social Protection of the Population on the Territory of Certain Districts and Cities. As we can see, the specificity of these institutions lies precisely in the regulation of social relations with those strata that are less prosperous and most vulnerable. Moreover, what is important, just like 20 years ago, there are now bodies that affect the specifics of individual regions, regions and cities.
• The Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation, as well as its corresponding departments in all regions of our country.

A little later, the Ministry of Social Protection of the Population of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation, by order of the President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin were united into a common, independent organization, which was named the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Russian Federation. Corresponding regional services appeared, whose functions and personnel were combined from two separate subordinate institutions.

In 2004, already under the leadership of another president, Vladimir Putin, a part of the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Russian Federation was merged into the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. This institution was named the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation. Having existed in this status for almost 8 years, until May 21, 2012, the Ministry of the Word was divided into two separate divisions.

The Ministry has subordinate executive authorities (for example, the Federal Service for Labor and Employment of the Population of Russia - Rostrud, whose main function is the maximum employment of the population of the Russian Federation).

Also, the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation includes some subordinate state funds - the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation (functionally it exists to calculate pensions based on the work experience and seniority of a person, as well as his special services to the state), the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation (one of the state non-budgetary funds, which was created to provide and guarantee compulsory social insurance of citizens living in the territory of the Russian Federation).

There are also a number of subordinate organizations, and their activities concern completely different spheres of human life:

1. Scientific institutions - the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Labor (FGBU), the Scientific Research Institute of Labor and Social Insurance, the Interdepartmental Analytical Scientific and Practical Center for Social Innovation. All these institutions are aimed at researching the labor market, its structure, as well as analyzing people's needs in the social sphere, their risks, basic fears, against which it is necessary to insure and give guarantees of a successful life.
2. Educational institutions are a list of institutions whose specificity is to work with people with disabilities, as well as with children from disadvantaged families, pensioners. For some, these institutions, in addition to educational significance, are also psychological. For example, this is the Ivanovo radio-technical boarding school, the Kursk musical boarding school for the blind, the Interregional Center for the Rehabilitation of Persons with Hearing Problems. As we can see, the names already encrypted those features with which people enter these institutions. These organizations are not only technically adapted for people with disabilities: they employ specially trained specialists who, in addition to pedagogical education, also have a psychological education in order to find an approach to each person with his problem and discomfort.

Introduction ………………………………………………………………………… ..2

Chapter 1. Social protection of the population ………………………………………. 4

1.1. The essence of social protection of the population ... ............................................. .... 4

Chapter 2. Ways of organizing social protection of the population …………… 10

2.1. State bodies for social protection of the population …………… ..10

2.2. Sources of funding for social protection of the population ...................... 18

Conclusion …………………………………………………………………… 21

List of used literature ………………………………………… 23

Introduction

Social protection of the population is one of the most important components of the state's social policy and social and labor relations. Its subject field covers the basic conditions of human life: material provision of the population and the organization of social and medical assistance to disabled members of society. 1

Changes in Russian society in the last decades of the twentieth century. had the following consequences: the emergence of a new, very contradictory structure of society, where some are exorbitantly exalted, while others are at the very bottom of the social ladder. First of all, we are talking about the emergence of socially vulnerable categories of the population such as the unemployed, refugees, forced migrants, as well as those categories of citizens who at the present stage do not find adequate support from the state and society, and these are the disabled, pensioners, children, teenagers. In the country as a whole, the number of people in need of protection, marginals, alcoholics, drug addicts, homeless people, etc., is constantly growing.

In turn, the problems of social assistance have become aggravated, since with the beginning of economic transformations, a person with his problems was left to the mercy of the market forces.

Today, social protection of the population should play not only the role of social compensation for the poor, but also serve as a certain counterbalance to the rapidly growing property inequality. The protection of the entire population from progressive impoverishment is becoming an important problem.

In the current economic and socio-political conditions, the role and importance of the system of social protection of the population has increased significantly. Often, the bodies and institutions of social services are the only structures, the appeal to which leaves a person hoping to receive support and help in solving his life problems.

The actualization of social protection of the population is that the concept of "social protection" is associated with the concept of "social care" of the state, when individual assistance to a person, groups of people, organized by professionally trained people and expressed by the concept of "social work", its ultimate goal will be to support confidence a person in their own strengths, their capabilities. That is why recently the majority of specialists in social protection of the population are rejecting such a broad, but non-specific concept as "social protection of the population", and are increasingly using the term "social support of the population from the state."

The object of this work is the study of social protection of the population in modern society.

The subject is the methods and basic principles of its organization.

The aim of this work is:

Analyze the available scientific literature;

Study of the basic principles of organizing social protection of the population in the modern world.

Draw up generalized conclusions about the current system of social protection of the population.

And solve the following tasks:

Determine the essence of social protection of the population;

Have an idea of ​​how the work of social welfare agencies is organized.

The basis for writing this work is many works of researchers of modern Russian society. So the basics of organizing social protection of the population are considered in the works of such authors as M.I. Lepikhov, N. Podshibyakina, V. Sharin and others.

The economic foundations of social protection of the population are considered by V.D. Roick, T.S. Panteleeva, G.A. Chervyakov and others.

The main directions and principles of social work are presented in the works of A.I. Voitenko, E.I. Komarova, A.N. Savinov, P.D. Pavlenok, etc.

ChapterI... Social protection of the population

1. The essence of social protection of the population

In accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation of 1993, the Russian Federation was proclaimed welfare state... Its most characteristic features are reflected in the ongoing social policy, which, according to Art. 7 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, is aimed at creating conditions that ensure a dignified life and free development of a person. 2

Social politics- this is the sphere of practical implementation of the most important function of the state to create conditions that provide each member of society with the realization of his needs, taking into account the system of values ​​approved by society, and therefore the center of social policy is always a person who simultaneously acts as its goal, subject and subject. 3

As for the social protection of the population, at the present stage it is the most important and priority direction of the social policy of the Russian Federation, being a system of principles, methods, social guarantees legally established by the state, measures and institutions that ensure the provision of optimal living conditions, satisfaction of needs, maintenance of life support and active the existence of a personality, various social categories and groups; a set of measures, actions, funds of the state and society, directed against situations of risk in the normal life of citizens.

Social protection- state policy aimed at ensuring social, economic, political and other rights and guarantees of a person, regardless of gender, nationality, age, place of residence and other circumstances.

Social protection of the population in the broad sense of the word, it is a set of socio-economic measures carried out by the state and society and ensuring the provision of optimal living conditions, satisfaction of needs, maintenance of life support and the active existence of an individual to various social categories and groups, as well as a set of measures aimed against situations of risk in normal life citizens such as illness, unemployment, old age, death of the breadwinner. It presents a set of measures to ensure a minimum level of material support for socially vulnerable groups of the population guaranteed by the state during the period of economic transformations.

Social protection system of the population at the present stage includes:

- social Security;

- social insurance;

- social support (assistance). 4

Social protection of citizens is carried out at the expense of the federal and local budgets, specially created funds for social support of the population, non-state funds.

The main principles social protection of the population are humanity, social justice, targeting, comprehensiveness, ensuring the rights and freedoms of the individual. 5

Basic goals social protection of the population are reduced to the following:

1) getting rid of absolute poverty, when the average per capita total family income is below the subsistence level;

2) provision of material assistance to the population in extreme conditions;

3) assistance in the adaptation of socially vulnerable groups of the population to the conditions of a market economy.

So, one of the elements of social protection of the population in the crisis conditions of the transition to market relations is social help.

The provision of state social assistance is carried out in the following forms:

1) cash payments (social benefits, subsidies, compensation and other payments);

2) in-kind assistance (fuel, food, clothing, shoes, medicines and other types of in-kind assistance). 6

Social Security is a system of legal, economic and organizational measures created by the state that are aimed at compensating or minimizing the consequences of changes in the material and (or) social situation of citizens, and in cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, other categories of individuals due to the occurrence of circumstances recognized by the state as socially significant ( insurance risks). 7

Social insurance- part of the state system of social protection of the population, the specificity of which is the insurance of working citizens against possible changes in the material and (or) social situation, including due to circumstances beyond their control. eight

Today in the Russian Federation there are 4 types of compulsory state social insurance:

1) pension insurance;

2) social insurance in case of temporary disability;

3) social insurance against industrial accidents and occupational diseases;

4) medical insurance. nine

The most important component of social protection of the population is the institution of social work bodies.

Objects of management in the system of social protection of the population are institutions and organizations, labor and educational collectives of this system, as well as relations between people. Subjects of management- bodies directly involved in the problems of social assistance to the population (ministries, committees, departments, departments, departments of social protection of the population, labor collectives). The main function of bodies and institutions of social protection of the population is to improve the activities of its various structural elements, regulated by certain norms and controlled by social institutions to ensure the achievement of the set goals.

An important role in the system of social protection of the population is played by trade unions, administration and various forms of self-government in labor collectives.

In general, the purpose of the social protection system is manifested in its general functions:

1. The economic function is expressed in the provision of material support by citizens in difficult life situations, in promoting the development of social production as a whole and in individual sectors of the national economy, in the economic recovery of priority development zones.

2. A political function aimed at bringing together the social level of various strata of the population, creating conditions that ensure a decent life for every person. It is designed to stabilize social relations.

3. The demographic function helps to stimulate the growth of the country's population, the reproduction of a healthy generation, and the growth of life expectancy.

4. The social and rehabilitation function is associated with meeting the needs of the elderly and disabled citizens. It is expressed in the creation of conditions conducive to the preservation of their legal status and the protection of the health of all citizens. ten

Social protection of the population and the mechanism for its implementation are based on the corresponding constitutional and legal principles. At the moment in the Russian Federation there are four main directions of social protection of the population.

1. Social protection of children, childhood and adolescence, which is focused on creating conditions for the life and development of children that allow all children, regardless of the family in which they were born and live, to have the best opportunities for maintaining health, material well-being, free affordable education, preschool and school education, harmonious spiritual and moral development , realization of their abilities.

State policy in the interests of children is based on the principles of legislative provision of the rights of the child; state support of the family in order to ensure the full-fledged upbringing of children, protect their rights, prepare them for a full life in society; establishing and observing state minimum social standards of the main indicators of the quality of life of children, taking into account regional differences of these indicators; responsibility of officials, citizens for violation of the rights and legitimate interests of the child, causing him harm; state support for local governments, public associations and other organizations that carry out activities to protect the rights and legitimate interests of the child.

Social protection of children and adolescents at the present stage is consistent with the state policy in the field of childhood, which recognizes this period of a person's life as the most important stage, and therefore undertakes to do everything to prepare them for a full life. Social protection of children and adolescents is characterized by multidirectionality, affecting the most diverse spheres of their life, however, the priority area of ​​work is work with children and adolescents suffering from one or another degree of social maladjustment, which leads them to the streets, to drugs, prostitution, etc.

2. Social protection of the able-bodied population, designed to "provide for the creation of conditions that ensure a balance of rights, obligations and interests of citizens, when a person can fully realize the ability to economic independence, while not infringing on the interests of fellow citizens and participating in social assistance to those in need." Social protection of the able-bodied population, their labor protection are based on the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Federal Law "On the basics of labor protection in the Russian Federation", adopted on July 17, 1999, and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, as well as laws and other legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation ...

Thus, we can conclude that social protection of the working-age population should provide for mechanisms that provide citizens of the Russian Federation with protection from social risks that prevent:

- effective human employment;

- providing, in accordance with the legislation, additional guarantees of employment to categories of the population in need of special social protection and experiencing difficulties,

- payment and receipt of wages and all types of social benefits in the amounts and terms stipulated by law;

- health protection of workers and prevention of unfavorable working conditions;

- provision and receipt of material and other assistance to persons who are in crisis material and social situations;

- realization by young people of their potential in scientific, cultural and sports plans;

- equality of men and women in all matters of social life (first of all, we are talking about complete de facto equality in pay, promotion, access to education, scientific activity, culture and sports).

3. Social protection of disabled citizens, which should be aimed at humanizing all spheres of life of these people. It is unacceptable for any of them to feel like a superfluous person who burdens loved ones, society. Everyone should preserve the desire and opportunity to live in a family for as long as possible, actively participate in the economic, political, cultural development of society, enjoy all its benefits and, if possible, increase them.

Social services for elderly and disabled citizens is an activity to meet their needs for social services. It includes a set of social services (care, catering, assistance in obtaining medical, legal, socio-psychological and natural types of assistance.

4. Social protection of the family, which should ensure effective prevention of social risks. eleven

Social protection of the family at the present stage is the most developing area of ​​social protection, since it is in the family that all social problems characteristic of modern Russian society are reflected, and these problems are always specific, since they are directly related to the type of family.

The organization of the implementation of these areas of social protection of the population is determined by the regulatory framework of social protection of the population in the Russian Federation.

Chapter 2. Methods of organizing social protection of the population

2.1. State bodies of social protection of the population

Social protection is viewed as a set of legislatively enshrined economic and legal guarantees that ensure the observance of the most important social rights of citizens. This is the protection of mothers and children, labor and health of citizens, the establishment of a minimum wage, social protection of the disabled and the elderly, the development of a system of social services, state pensions and benefits. Particular attention is paid to the organization of the work of social security bodies.

Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Russian Federation.

The main federal executive body that conducts state policy and management in the field of labor, employment and social protection of the population is the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Russian Federation.

The Ministry in its activities is guided by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, Decrees and orders of the President of the Russian Federation, decrees and decisions of the Government of the Russian Federation and the Regulation on the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Russian Federation, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation of 23.04.97, No. 480 with amendments and additions ...

The Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Russian Federation carries out its activities in cooperation with other federal executive bodies, executive bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies, public and other associations, as well as other organizations, regardless of their organizational and legal form.

In accordance with the tasks assigned to the ministry, it builds its work in different directions and carries out its functions in the following areas: solving complex problems of social development; raising the standard of living and income of the population; salary; working conditions and labor protection; social partnership in labor relations; population; employment; development of human resources; social insurance; pension provision; social protection of the population; social services for the population; public service; legislation on labor, employment and social protection of the population; international partnership.

The Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Russian Federation is headed by a minister who is appointed and dismissed by the President of the Russian Federation on the proposal of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation. The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation bears personal responsibility for the fulfillment of the tasks assigned to the Ministry of Labor and Social Development and for the exercise of its functions.

Executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation

In different regions, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the bodies of social protection of the population of the region, the krai are called differently, for example, Departments, Directorates, Departments, Committees, Ministries, but the main tasks and functions of these bodies are the same.

The bodies of social protection of the population of the region, the region are under double subordination - they are subordinate to the administration of the region, region, as well as the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Russian Federation.

On the example of the Department of Social Protection of the City Population. Petersburg, we will consider its main functions and structure.

Benefits sector.

To provide social protection for veterans, elderly citizens, disabled people and other privileged categories of citizens, the sector performs the following functions:

Maintaining a database on the number of certain categories of veterans, disabled people, citizens affected by radiation exposure, political repression, former juvenile prisoners of Nazi concentration camps, family members of dead (deceased) military personnel;

Carrying out legal procedures for the provision of social support measures and determining the privileged status of a citizen (certificates, certificates, certificates);

Acceptance of applications from privileged categories of citizens (war veterans, home front workers) and issuance of vouchers for health-improving recreation in boarding houses of the Leningrad region;

Assignment of compensation payments and amounts of compensation for harm to citizens affected by radiation exposure and members of their families, veterans of special risk units.

Appointment of monthly and annual cash payments in accordance with the current legislation (pensioners, labor veterans, home front workers, rehabilitated persons and persons who suffered from political repression, honorary donors);

Execution of documents, calculation and assignment of compensation payments in connection with the costs of paying for residential premises, utilities and other types of services to family members of dead (deceased) military personnel and employees of some federal executive bodies;

Registration of documents, the appointment of a monthly supplement to pensions for certain categories of servicemen and members of their families (servicemen who served on conscription, who received disabilities as a result of participation in hostilities in Afghanistan, the Chechen Republic and on the territory of the North Caucasus region

Appointment of a monthly supplement to the survivor's pension for the families of military personnel who died in the performance of military service duties;

Acceptance of documents and distribution of objects of the state dacha fund belonging to St. Petersburg on the right of ownership among war veterans and disabled people.

Execution of documents, assignment of compensation for insurance premiums under the contract of compulsory civil liability insurance of vehicle owners to persons with disabilities who received vehicles through social protection authorities;

Carrying out work to provide vehicles for privileged categories of citizens who entered the queue before 01.01.2005;

Maintaining primary records of certain categories of citizens eligible for social support measures to pay for housing and utilities, with the exception of subsidies, living in the Frunzensky District in the housing stock of all forms of ownership.

Sector of the organization of state social assistance.

The sector is in charge of the following issues:

Provision of state social assistance;

Providing emergency social assistance;

Providing material assistance to residents of the district who find themselves in a difficult life situation;

Issuance of certificates for assigning social scholarships to students;

Assignment of social payments to citizens whose pension is below the subsistence level, with subsequent control over the assigned payments;

Provision of free dental prosthetics: registration of citizens, issuance of referrals for free dental prosthetics;

Work on attracting sponsorship funds to provide targeted assistance to veterans and low-income citizens;

Registration of a one-time social compensation for burial.

Social Development and Control Sector.

The sector introduction contains the following questions:

Analysis and forecasting of the development of the system of social protection of the population. Monitoring the efficiency of functioning, organizing work with reporting documentation in all areas of the department's work: collecting reporting information and exercising control over the preparation of indicators for monitoring socio-economic development;

Participation in the development and implementation of federal, regional, city and district programs in the field of social protection of the population, control over their implementation;

Methodological guidance and control over the activities of social service institutions for the population of the region;

Preparation of action plans to ensure living standards in the Frunzensky District;

Organization of work on the formation, placement and execution of the state order of St. Petersburg for the supply of goods, performance of work, provision of services for state needs of the department of social protection of the population and subordinate organizations;

Formation of the need for products for the state needs of St. Petersburg by the department of social protection of the population and subordinate organizations.

Information and legal sector.

Providing the district mass media with information about social protection of the population, about the possibilities, types, procedure and conditions of social services for the population;

Preparation of responses to appeals of citizens and organizations coming to the department;

Representing the interests of the department in the judiciary, prosecutor's office;

Providing legal assistance to citizens, institutions of social services for the population, local governments on issues of social protection of the population;

Implementation, in accordance with the current legislation, of measures for the implementation of state policy to improve working conditions and labor protection in the district;

Execution of documents for granting the residents of St. Petersburg the prize "Golden and Diamond Anniversaries of Married Life";

Issuance of directions for the purchase of air tickets for regular flights of OJSC Aviation Company Transaero.

Disabled Persons Sector

The sector is in charge of the following issues:

Carrying out top-priority measures to ensure an accessible living environment for people with disabilities and low-mobility groups of the population and create conditions for unimpeded access for people with disabilities to social infrastructure;

Organization of work on the provision of prosthetic and orthopedic products to citizens who are not disabled;

Implementation of methodological guidance and control over the implementation of rehabilitation measures for the social adaptation of disabled people;

Registration of documents for elderly citizens and disabled people for placement in stationary social service institutions.

Interaction with regional health authorities, internal affairs bodies, employment of the population to work with citizens of homelessness and citizens released from places of imprisonment.

Implementation of organizational and methodological work on job quotas for the employment of people with disabilities.

Issuance of travel documents for the right of free travel in citywide transport to certain categories of disabled people and citizens who have merits to the Fatherland.

Sector for Social Protection of Family and Childhood

The sector is in charge of the following issues:

Organization and implementation of work on social support for families and children in need of various types of social assistance.

Maintaining a differentiated record of families and children in difficult life situations, in a socially dangerous situation, families with neglected children and large families in need of social support;

Issuance of certificates "Large family of St. Petersburg";

Appointment of an annual compensation payment for children from large families studying in educational institutions implementing educational programs of primary general, basic general, secondary (complete) general education, primary vocational education, but not older than 18 years;

Assignment of benefits for payment for the use of heating, water, sewerage, gas and electricity:

Families with 3 children in the amount of 30%,

Families with 4 to 7 children in the amount of 40%,

Families with 8 or more children in the amount of 50%.

Participation in events dedicated to the International Family Day, International Mother's Day, New Year and Christmas holidays for children and adolescents.

Interaction with public authorities and local self-government bodies, officials and citizens in order to provide comprehensive assistance to families and children;

Advisory assistance by calling the "hot" line 701-66-30 (weekly on Thursdays from 10.00 to 17.00) on issues of registration of child benefits, certificates for social scholarships, material assistance, emergency social assistance, assignment to the department of assistance to women in difficult life situation, etc.

Benefits sector

The sector is in charge of issues:

Appointment of a one-time allowance for women registered with medical institutions in the early stages of pregnancy during the liquidation of the enterprise;

Appointment of maternity benefits during the liquidation of the enterprise;

Appointment of a lump sum at the birth of a child.

Appointment of a monthly allowance for caring for a child until he reaches the age of one and a half years;

Appointment of a one-time allowance when transferring a child to a family for upbringing;

Appointment of a one-time compensation payment at the birth of a child.

The appointment of a monthly allowance for a child aged from birth to 1 year for the purchase of baby goods and baby food.

The appointment of a monthly allowance for a child aged 1 to 7 years for the purchase of goods for children and the provision of services.

The appointment of a monthly allowance for a child aged 7 to 16 years (or until graduation from an educational institution, but not more than 18 years old) for the purchase of goods for children (teenagers) assortment and the provision of services.

Appointment of a lump sum and monthly monetary compensation to citizens in the event of post-vaccination complications.

Appointment of a monthly allowance to families with disabled persons from childhood of group I over the age of 18 who need constant care and supervision, as well as single non-working disabled persons from childhood of group II over 18 years of age.

Appointment of a monthly allowance to the children of military personnel who were conscripted, killed (missing), disabled in connection with the implementation of tasks to ensure law and order and public safety in the North Caucasus region.

Appointment of additional payments to pensions to non-working persons who held public office in St. Petersburg and public service in St. Petersburg.

Establishing an additional payment to the state old-age pension (by age) for persons awarded the title of "Honorary Citizen of St. Petersburg".

Issuance to recipients of benefits and compensation payments for children of magnetic cards "Children's", "Preschool".

Issuance of certificates on the amount of child benefits received to exercise the right to obtain housing compensation for low-income families. 12

District (city) bodies of social protection of the population

District (city) bodies of social protection of the population are municipal government bodies in the structure of the administration of the district, city. They are subordinate to both the administration of the district, the city, and the bodies of social protection of the population of the region, territory.

The Department of Social Protection of the Population of a District or City and its subordinate institutions of the system of social protection of the population ensure the implementation of the state policy in the field of pension provision; labor and labor relations; social guarantees and social support for elderly and disabled citizens, families, motherhood and childhood, development of a system of social services for the population.

The department is created, reorganized and liquidated by the decision of local self-government bodies. The Department in its activities is guided by the laws of the Russian Federation, decrees and orders of the President of the Russian Federation, decrees and orders of the Government of the Russian Federation and the region, region, the head of the administration of the region and city or district, orders and instructions, decisions of the superior body of social protection of the population of the region, region and others regulations.

In its structure, the Department of Social Protection of the Population has:

divisions;

pension department;

department for labor and social affairs; subordinate institutions:

Center for Social Assistance to Families and Children;

Social rehabilitation center for minor children;

social services;

social hotel, etc.

The main tasks and functions of the Department of Social Protection of the Population of the City or District is carried out in accordance with the "Regulations on the Department of Social Protection of the Population", which is approved by the head of the administration of the city or district.

The Department of Social Protection of the Population of the City Administration (hereinafter referred to as the Department) is a municipal governing body in the structure of the city administration and is subordinate in its activities to both the city administration and the Department of Social Protection of the Population of the Territory Administration. 13

2.2. Sources of funding for social protection of the population

The sources of financing the social protection of the population are state off-budget social funds: the Social Insurance Fund, the Pension Fund, the State Employment Fund, the Mandatory Medical Insurance Fund.

The Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation is a specialized financial and credit institution under the Government of the Russian Federation. The main task of the Social Insurance Fund is to provide state-guaranteed benefits for temporary disability, pregnancy and childbirth, at the birth of a child, caring for a child until one and a half years of age, for burial, for sanatorium treatment and health improvement of employees and their families.

The Pension Fund of the Russian Federation was established by the decree of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR dated December 22, 1990 for the purpose of state management of the finances of pension provision in the Russian Federation. The Pension Fund of Russia is an independent financial and credit institution and is under the jurisdiction of the Government of the Russian Federation and is accountable to it. The funds of the Russian Pension Fund are formed from:

employers' insurance premiums;

insurance premiums of citizens engaged in individual entrepreneurial activities;

insurance premiums of other categories of working citizens;

allocations from the federal budget, etc.

The rate of insurance contributions to the Russian Pension Fund is determined by the Federal Law of the Russian Federation.

The Employment Fund is a state non-budgetary fund of the Russian Federation intended to finance activities related to the development and implementation of the state employment policy.

The Employment Fund is not a legal entity and is under the operational management and disposal of the employment service bodies.

The employment fund is formed from the following receipts:

compulsory insurance contributions from employers;

compulsory insurance contributions from the earnings of employees;

allocations from the federal budget of the Russian Federation.

The funds of the Employment Fund are directed to measures for career guidance, vocational training and retraining of unemployed citizens; organization of public works; payment of unemployment benefits, compensation; provision of material and other assistance.

The compulsory health insurance fund is a system of compulsory health insurance funds, consisting of federal and territorial compulsory health insurance funds in the constituent entities of the Federation. These funds were created to implement the Law of the Russian Federation "On Health Insurance of Citizens in the Russian Federation" and to implement the state policy in the field of compulsory health insurance as an integral part of state social insurance.

The insurance rate of contributions for compulsory health insurance paid by employers and other payers is determined by the Federal Law of the Russian Federation.

Funds for social support of the population are one of the sources of financial resources for the implementation of activities for social services to the population.

These are independent state institutions created with the aim of forming financial sources of social support for the most needy citizens, providing targeted social protection to low-income groups of the population.

The system of funds for social support of the population consists of the Republican (Federal) and territorial funds.

The Ministry of Labor and Social Development determines the main directions of spending the funds of this fund. On the territory of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the Population Support Funds operate under the leadership of executive authorities and bodies of social protection of the population.

The right to receive assistance from the Fund for Social Support of the Population is granted to especially needy pensioners, disabled people, persons with dependents, and other disabled citizens whose total per capita income does not exceed the minimum established at the regional level.

The funds of the Social Support Funds are spent on additional (extra-budgetary) financing of activities in the following areas:

provision of in-kind assistance in the form of basic necessities (food, clothing, shoes) free of charge or at reduced prices;

provision of social services, including at home;

organization of free meals;

the provision of subsidies for the purchase of medicines, prosthetic and orthopedic products, for the payment of utilities and household services; providing nightly accommodation for homeless citizens;

creation of own enterprises;

assistance in providing loans, etc.

The government of the Russian Federation promotes development

non-state pension systems. In accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation "On Non-State Pension Funds", a non-state pension fund is a social and financial non-profit organization that carries out activities for the formation of assets by attracting voluntary targeted cash contributions from legal entities and individuals, transferring these funds to a company managing the assets of a non-state pension fund, the implementation of lifelong or for a long period of regular payments to citizens in cash, as well as other actions to fulfill social obligations to citizens.

Non-state pension funds operate independently of the state pension system. Payment from these funds is carried out along with payments of state pensions. The transfer of funds by employers and employees to non-state pension funds does not relieve them of the obligation to make mandatory contributions to the state Pension Fund and other non-budgetary funds.

The amount, conditions and procedure for making contributions and making payments are determined by an agreement between the non-state pension fund and the insured. fourteen

Conclusion

The transformations in the political, economic and social spheres, carried out in the state, provide for an active social policy, which should be based on a correctly built system of priorities, a phased solution of a range of social problems, the development of mechanisms for the effective use of resources allocated for social purposes, coordination of state obligations and real opportunities for their financing. The most important aspect of state social policy is social protection of the population. In modern conditions, a number of laws have been adopted declaring the provision of the needy categories of the population with equal rights and freedoms with other citizens, provided for by the Constitution of the Russian Federation. However, due to the difficult financial situation at the federal and regional levels, their implementation is often limited.

In the current economic conditions, measures are being taken to mitigate the negative consequences of a sharp drop in living standards and to partially compensate for the losses of the most needy groups of the population. Mechanisms of social support for families with children, veterans, disabled people, citizens who have lost their jobs and other categories of the population are being created. However, many benefits, compensations, social benefits and allowances are often introduced without taking into account the financial situation of families and the real possibilities of people to ensure their own well-being. As a result, the ability to provide assistance to those who really need it is limited.

There have appeared many categories of the population in need of one or another degree of social protection, and therefore at the moment the purpose of the social protection system for the population is to provide support to groups of the population and individuals in need. In this sense, the social protection of the population, which includes social security, social insurance and social assistance, is consistent with the social policy of the state, which, according to the Constitution, is aimed at creating conditions that ensure a decent life and free human development.

The state plays an important role in organizing social protection of the population.

At the present stage, there are four priority areas in the social protection of the population of the Russian Federation, which are based on the relevant regulatory legal acts. Firstly, it is social protection of children, childhood and adolescence, secondly, it is social protection of the able-bodied population, thirdly, it is social protection of disabled citizens, and fourthly, it is social protection of the family.

Social protection management bodies and their subordinate enterprises, institutions, organizations, territorial bodies of social protection of the population form a unified state system of social protection of the population, providing state support.

List of used literature

Constitution of the Russian Federation of 12.12.1993.

A.P. Gorkin, G.N. Karelova, ED, Katulsky et al. "Social Encyclopedia" Rus. Ents-I, 2000.

K.N. Gusov "Social Security Law" Study Guide.-M; INFRA-M. 2000

V. Dmitriev "Our hope is social insurance" M .: 2005.

I.G. Zainyshev "Technology of social work" - M .: VLADOS, 2002.

IN AND. Kurbatov. "Social work". M .: SCIENCE-PRESS, 2006.

M.I. Lepikhov. "Law and social protection of the population" - M: INFRA-M, 2000.

Scientific and methodological manual "Social protection of the population." M .: 2006.

G.V. Suleimanov "Social Security Law". Textbook for universities. "Yurayt" 2011

A.N. Savinov "Organization of the work of social protection bodies." Academy of IC, 2010

E.I. Kholostov "Dictionary-reference book on social work." M. Lawyer 2000

Business Class "Organization of work of bodies of social protection of the population." T. Zarembro, A. Savinov.

The official portal of the administration of St. Petersburg "Department of social protection of the population."

Social Social protection and support of the population Abstract >> State and law

Allocate additional funds for social protection population is extremely limited. Load ... not enough people's desire to receive social protection from the hardships of a deteriorating life, ... in these conditions, the task is complete social protection the entire population from a decrease ...

1. Social protection old people

   Thesis >> Sociology

   To the public sector social protection and social service. Municipal sector social protection and social service includes controls social protection and social service ...

Types of activities of social protection bodies

There are several areas of activity of the bodies of social protection of the population:

1) Work with citizens' appeals;

2) Activities in the field of assignment and payment of benefits;

3) Activities in the field of rehabilitation of disabled people;

5) Work with citizens in the field of appointment and payment of compensation.

A significant part of the population applies to the bodies of social protection of the population of the Russian Federation, this is primarily due to the low standard of living of the majority of citizens of the Russian Federation. The population with incomes below the subsistence level has been and remains high.

For example, the social security authorities receive letters on the provision of material assistance, on the payment of compensation for the payment of housing and communal services, on the provision of social payments and compensations, etc. In the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, instructions for office work in the executive bodies of state power are approved. In the instructions, one section is devoted to the procedure for organizing the consideration of written, oral applications and the reception of citizens.

In the bodies of social protection of the population, for the organization of work on the consideration of the appeal and personal reception of citizens, by order of the head of the department, an official is appointed who bears personal responsibility for this work.

Applications are registered using computer technology.

In case of an insignificant number of applications, instead of registration and control cards, a journal of the consideration of proposals, applications and complaints of citizens can be kept. Reception of citizens is carried out in the offices of the officials carrying out the reception, or in a specially designated room, which is equipped with the necessary property and equipped with communication facilities.

Personal reception of citizens in the bodies of social protection of the population is carried out by their leaders and authorized persons. Information about the place of reception, as well as about the days and hours set for reception, is brought to the attention of citizens. At a personal reception, a citizen presents a document proving his identity.

In the course of a personal reception, a citizen may be denied further consideration of the appeal if he was previously answered on the merits of the questions raised in it.

Also, citizens apply to the social protection authorities for the appointment and payment of benefits for children. A personal file is drawn up for each citizen. The preparation of the personal files of beneficiaries begins with the acceptance of applications and the preparation of documents for the appointment and recalculation of benefits. Reception of documents is carried out by specialists in the appointment of benefits on reception days and is carried out according to the district system. The plots are formed alphabetically. Each specialist at the site creates a file of personal files of beneficiaries.

Upon admission, the specialist checks:

* belonging of documents to the applicant (surname, name, patronymic in all documents must correspond to the data of the passport). If a discrepancy is found, the fact that the documents belong to this person is established in court;

* passport data (they are checked against the data specified in the application);

* Whether the applicant is receiving benefits for previously born children. When changing the place of residence, a request is made on the previous place of residence and it is found out whether he was registered with the department, whether he received benefits;

* the presence of all the necessary details in the documents (document number, date, organization name, surname, name, patronymic of the applicant, grounds for issue, signature, seal).

After checking all the documents, the application is registered in the register of citizens' applications for the appointment of state benefits for children. If the applicant applied for the recalculation of benefits, then the application is registered in the register of citizens' applications for recalculation of state benefits for children.

After checking the documents, the specialist draws up the personal file of the beneficiary. A completely finished case is transferred to a specialist for control, who, after checking, signs it and transfers it to the head of the department for signature and then for payment.

One of the main characteristics of the living conditions, living environment and health of citizens, along with the incidence rate, demographic and other indicators, are data on disability, which serve as an important indicator of social disadvantage of the population. In this regard, the problem of disability and disabled people is considered as one of the aspects of social security.

A significant number of people with signs of limited life in the social structure of society, as well as the expected further increase in the number of disabled people due to the unfavorable socio - economic situation in the country, indicate the scale of the problem of disability and the need for a set of measures for the social integration of disabled people into society.

The state policy in this area in relation to disabled people is implemented in accordance with the requirements of the Federal Law of November 24, 1995 "On social protection of disabled people in the Russian Federation." Comprehensive rehabilitation of disabled people has become one of the main directions of this policy.

It is a system and process of full or partial restoration of the abilities of disabled people to everyday, social and professional activities. Rehabilitation of people with disabilities is aimed at eliminating, or as fully as possible, compensating for disabilities caused by health disorders with persistent disorders of body functions, for the purpose of social adaptation of disabled people, their achievement of material independence and their integration into society. Rehabilitation of disabled people includes:

* medical rehabilitation

* professional rehabilitation;

* social rehabilitation.

Medical rehabilitation is a complex of therapeutic and preventive measures, which is aimed at the maximum possible restoration of the patient's lost abilities after various diseases.

Vocational rehabilitation is a multidisciplinary set of measures aimed at restoring the ability to work of a disabled person in working conditions accessible to him for health reasons.

Social rehabilitation is a set of measures aimed at restoring a person's rights, social status, health, and legal capacity.

All types of rehabilitation refer only to those disabled people who have a fairly extensive rehabilitation potential.

The bodies of social protection of the population are constantly working to provide social support to low-income families raising children with disabilities. To carry out systematic work on the rehabilitation of children with disabilities, there are services for children with disabilities. Among the services provided by the specialists of the institutions are social - household, medical, social - psychological, pedagogical, legal. In order to increase attention to the issues of social rehabilitation of children, the staffing of institutions provides for the positions of a social teacher, a psychologist, and specialists in social work.

Inpatient social services are aimed at providing versatile social and household assistance to elderly citizens and disabled people who have partially or completely lost the ability to self-service and who need constant care and supervision for health reasons, who do not have medical contraindications for receiving social services and social services. It includes measures to create for elderly citizens and disabled people the most adequate living conditions for their age and state of health, rehabilitation measures of a medical, social and medical-labor nature, provision of care and medical assistance, organization of recreation and leisure.

Inpatient social services for elderly citizens and disabled people are carried out in inpatient institutions (departments) of social services, profiled in accordance with their age, health and social status.

There are measures of social support for citizens in the housing and utilities sector. Currently, in the housing and communal sector, there are two main types of social support for citizens:

ѕ payment of subsidies for housing and utility bills

* provision of social support measures for 50% payment for housing and utilities provided to veterans, disabled people and some other categories of citizens.

Financing of the costs of providing subsidies to low-income citizens and measures of social support for paying for housing and communal services to labor veterans, home front workers, victims of political repression is carried out at the expense of the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Financing of the costs associated with the provision of benefits for 50% payment for the occupied total area and utilities to veterans of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. (except for home front workers) and hostilities, disabled people and citizens exposed to radiation, is carried out at the expense of the federal budget. The powers to provide these measures of social support were transferred to the constituent entities of the Russian Federation with the allocation of subventions necessary for this from the federal budget, as well as with the granting of the right to establish the form for providing these measures (including in kind or in cash).

The measures of social support for citizens affected by radiation and man-made disasters, provided by the social protection authorities, include:

* compensation;

* benefits.

Compensation can be classified as:

* according to the frequency of payments (one-time, monthly, annual);

* for the intended purpose (for harm to health, for health improvement, for the purchase of food products, for the loss of a breadwinner, for food for schoolchildren, preschoolers, etc.).

The annual cash payment is assigned regardless of the fact of receipt of the pension or the departmental affiliation of the body carrying out the pension provision. The amount of annual cash payments is indexed at least once a year in accordance with the procedure approved by the executive authority of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

Financing of the costs of providing the annual cash payment established by the Law is carried out at the expense of the regional budget.

Family members or persons who have undertaken the organization of the funeral are paid an allowance for the burial of disabled people who have died as a result of the Chernobyl accident or those who died as a result of the Chernobyl disaster.

The amount of compensation and other payments to citizens affected by radiation and man-made disasters is indexed based on the inflation rate.

Citizens exposed to radiation as a result of nuclear tests at the Semipalatinsk test site are paid monthly monetary compensation for the purchase of food products.

The executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation can take additional measures of social support for certain categories of citizens. For example, in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the law "On annual cash payments to certain categories of citizens exposed to radiation exposure and their families" has been adopted.

The law applies to persons registered at the place of residence in the territory of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

Thus, we can conclude that the bodies of social protection of the population play a huge role in the field of social security, social support of citizens. The further social position of citizens in society depends on the activities of these bodies.

Social protection of the population- this is one of the most important directions of the social policy of the state, which consists in establishing and maintaining the socially necessary material and social status of all members of society.

Sometimes social protection is interpreted more narrowly: as providing a certain level of income for those segments of the population that, for whatever reason, cannot independently support their existence: the unemployed, disabled, sick, orphans, old people, single mothers, large families. Basic principles of social protection:

• humanity;
• targeting;
• complexity;
• ensuring the rights and freedoms of the individual.

The system of social protection of the population and its structure

Social protection system Is a complex of legislative acts, measures, as well as organizations that ensure the implementation of measures for social protection of the population, support for socially vulnerable segments of the population.

It includes:

1. Social Security- originated in Russia in the 20s of the twentieth century. and meant the creation of a state system of material support and services for elderly and disabled citizens, as well as families with children at the expense of the so-called public consumption funds. This category is essentially identical to that of social protection, but the latter applies to a market economy.

In addition to pensions (for old age, disability, etc.), social security included benefits for temporary disability and childbirth, for caring for a child under the age of one year, assistance to families in the maintenance and upbringing of children (free or on preferential terms nurseries, kindergartens, boarding schools , pioneer camps, etc.), family allowances, maintenance of the disabled in special organizations (nursing homes, etc.), free or on preferential terms, prosthetic care, provision of vehicles for disabled people, vocational training for disabled people, various benefits for families of disabled people. During the transition to the market, the social security system largely ceased to fulfill its functions, but some of its elements have entered the modern system of social protection of the population.

2. - provision of social benefits and services to citizens without regard to labor input and means testing, based on the principle of distributing these benefits according to the needs of the available public resources. In our country, social guarantees include:

• guaranteed free medical care;
• general availability and free education;
• the minimum wage;
• minimum pension, scholarships;
• social pensions (disabled since childhood; disabled children; disabled people who do not have work experience; children who have lost one or both parents; persons over 65 (men) and 60 (women) who have no work experience);
• benefits at the birth of a child, for the period of caring for a child until he reaches the age of 1.5 years, up to 16 years;
• ritual burial allowance and some others.

From January 1, 2002, the amount of benefits associated with the birth of a child has been increased. Thus, the size of the one-time childbirth benefit increased from 1.5 thousand rubles to 4.5 thousand rubles and in 2006 - to 8000 rubles, the monthly allowance for the period of parental leave until the child reaches the age of one and a half years from 200 up to 500 rubles, and in 2006 - up to 700 rubles. This allowance provided 25% of the subsistence minimum for an able-bodied person. The amount of the monthly allowance for a child under 16 has not been revised and is 70 rubles. Its ratio with the size of the child's subsistence minimum was 3.0% in 2004. In Moscow and some other regions this allowance in 2006 increased to 150 rubles.

A kind of social guarantees are social benefits. They represent a system of social guarantees provided to certain groups of the population (disabled people, war veterans, labor veterans, etc.). In 2005, benefits in kind were replaced with monetary compensations for these categories of the population. Since January 1, 2005, the privileged category of citizens has the right to use the social package and the right to receive monthly cash payments. The cost of the social package is set at 450 rubles. It includes travel by suburban transport, free drug provision, spa treatment and travel to the place of spa treatment. The law stipulates that from January 2006 beneficiaries will be able to choose between the social package and the receipt of the corresponding amount of money.

From January 1, 2006, in accordance with the law, monthly cash payments were established in the following amounts: invalids of the Great Patriotic War - 2000 rubles; participants of the Second World War - 1,500 rubles; war veterans and a number of other categories of beneficiaries - 1100 rubles.

Persons who worked during the Second World War at air defense facilities, the construction of defensive structures, naval bases, airfields and other military facilities, family members of victims or deceased war invalids, WWII veterans and war veterans will receive 600 rubles a month.

People with disabilities who have the third degree of restriction to work are paid 1,400 rubles a month; second degree - 1000 rubles; first degree - 800 rubles; disabled children will be paid 1000 rubles. People with disabilities who do not have a degree of restriction to work, with the exception of disabled children, receive 500 rubles a month.

Social insurance- protection of the economically active population from social risks on the basis of collective solidarity in compensation for damage. The main social risks associated with the loss of ability to work, work and, accordingly, income, are illness, old age, unemployment, motherhood, accidents, industrial injury, occupational disease, death of the breadwinner. The social insurance system is financed from special off-budget funds formed by contributions from employers and employees, as well as state subsidies. There are two forms of social insurance - compulsory (with state support of its funds) and voluntary (in the absence of state aid). Citizens are supported primarily through cash payments (pensions and benefits for sickness, old age, unemployment, loss of a breadwinner, etc.), as well as through financing the services of healthcare organizations, vocational training, etc., related to the restoration of working capacity.

Social support(assistance) is provided to socially vulnerable groups of the population who, for one reason or another, are unable to provide themselves with income. Assistance is provided both in cash and in kind (free meals, clothing) and is funded from general tax revenues. Means testing is usually required to receive social assistance. Assistance is provided to those people whose incomes are below the minimum living standards, and is an essential element of the policy of fighting poverty, ensuring a minimum guaranteed income, as the realization of the right to life.

Social support is not limited to material assistance only. It also includes measures in the form of assistance and services provided to individuals or groups of the population by social services to overcome life difficulties, maintain social status, and adapt to society.

The activities of social services for social support, the provision of social, household, medical, pedagogical, legal services and material assistance, the implementation of social adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens in difficult life situations have formed into a separate branch of the social sphere - social services.

The system of social service institutions in Russia is developing at a very fast pace. During the period 1998-2004, the total number of social service institutions increased by one third. At the same time, the number of institutions for the elderly and the disabled has grown in comparison with 1985 by more than one and a half times, and compared with 1998 by 18%. The number of social assistance centers for families and children in 1998-2004 increased by 2 times, social rehabilitation centers - by 2.5 times. There are 25 rehabilitation centers for young people with disabilities, 17 gerontological centers. New types of social service institutions have appeared: crisis centers for women, while the only crisis center for men, crisis departments for girls.

Work aimed at helping, supporting and protecting people, and, above all, the socially weak strata of society, is called social work.

The object of social work there are people in need of outside help: old people, pensioners, disabled people, seriously ill people, children; people caught in cha
I wish a life situation: the unemployed, drug addicts, adolescents caught in a bad company, single-parent families, convicts and those who served their sentences, refugees and displaced persons, etc.

Subjects of social work- those organizations and people who carry out this work. This is the state as a whole, implementing social policy through state bodies of social protection. These are public organizations: the Russian Association of Social Services, the Association of Social Educators and Social Workers, etc. These are charitable organizations and charity societies such as the Red Cross and Red Crescent.

The main subject of social work are people who are engaged in it professionally or on a voluntary basis. There are about half a million professional social workers (that is, people with an appropriate education and diploma) all over the world (in Russia there are several tens of thousands). The bulk of social work is done by non-professionals, either as a result of circumstances or because of their beliefs and a sense of duty.

Society is interested in increasing effectiveness of social work... However, it is difficult to define and measure it. Efficiency is understood as the ratio of the results of activities and the costs necessary to achieve this result. Efficiency in the social sphere is a complex category that consists of goals, results, costs and conditions of social activity. The result is the final result of any activity in relation to its goal. It can be positive or negative. In social work, the result is the satisfaction of the needs of its objects, clients of social services, and on this basis, an overall improvement in the social situation in society. The criteria for the effectiveness of social work at the macro level can be indicators of the financial situation of the family (person), life expectancy, the level and structure of morbidity, homelessness, drug addiction, crime, etc.

Closely related to the criterion of effectiveness is the problem of the limits of social assistance to citizens. As in the implementation of the income policy, it is necessary to take into account the possible negative consequences of massive social support: the emergence of dependency, passivity, unwillingness to make decisions and solve their own problems. Negative phenomena in the social sphere may arise (for example, active support of single mothers can lead to a decrease in the marriage rate and, ultimately, fertility).