Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergency Situations and Disaster Relief

Historical reference

On December 27, 1990, Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR No. 606 “On the formation of the Russian Rescue Corps as the State Committee of the RSFSR” was adopted. In 1995, by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation, December 27 was declared Rescuer Day of the Russian Federation. April 17, 1991 - by Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR No. 207, Deputy Chairman of the State Construction Committee of the RSFSR Sergei Shoigu was appointed Chairman of the Russian Rescue Corps. July 30, 1991 - by resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR No. 1617-1, the Russian Rescue Corps was transformed into the RSFSR State Committee for Emergency Situations (GKChS).

January 10, 1994 - By Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 66 “On the structure of federal executive bodies,” the State Committee for Emergency Situations of Russia was transformed into the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergency Situations and Disaster Relief (EMERCOM of Russia). The functions of the State Committee for Social Protection of Citizens and Rehabilitation of Territories Affected by Chernobyl and Other Disasters and the Committee for Special Purpose Underwater Works were also transferred to it.

Structure of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia

In order to implement a unified state policy in the field of civil defense, protection of the population and territories from natural and man-made emergencies, ensuring fire safety and safety of people on water bodies, Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 11, 2004 N 868 adopted the Regulations on the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Affairs civil defense, emergency situations and disaster relief (EMERCOM of Russia). In accordance with the Regulations, the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia is a federal executive body that carries out the functions of developing and implementing state policy, legal regulation, as well as supervision and control in the field of civil defense, protecting the population and territories from natural and man-made emergencies, ensuring fire safety and safety of people on water bodies.

The Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia in its activities is guided by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal constitutional laws, federal laws, acts of the President of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Russian Federation, orders and directives of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, international treaties of the Russian Federation, as well as these Regulations.

The Ministry of Emergency Situations system includes:
1. central office;
2. territorial bodies - regional centers for civil defense, emergency situations and disaster relief and bodies specially authorized to solve civil defense problems and tasks for the prevention and liquidation of emergency situations in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
3. State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation;
4. civil defense troops;
5. State Inspectorate for Small Vessels of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation;
6. emergency rescue and search and rescue units, educational, research, medical, sanatorium and resort and other institutions and organizations under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation.

The Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia is headed by the Minister of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergency Situations and Disaster Relief, who is appointed and dismissed by the President of the Russian Federation on the proposal of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation. The Presidential Decree (dated July 11, 2004 N 868) establishes the maximum number of employees of the central apparatus of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation in the amount of 825 units (excluding security and building maintenance personnel), including 140 commanding officers of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation and 250 military personnel. civil defense, the maximum number of employees of the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation in the amount of 26,900 units. To solve humanitarian problems outside the Russian Federation, a Russian national emergency humanitarian response corps is being created from part of the forces of the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations.

Main functions of the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations

The Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations performs the following main functions:
1) develops and submits to the President of the Russian Federation and (or) the Government of the Russian Federation:

1. proposals for the formation of the foundations of state policy, draft laws, other normative legal acts and draft technical regulations in the field of civil defense, protection of the population and territories from emergencies, including in the field of overcoming the consequences of radiation accidents and disasters, as well as ensuring fire safety and the safety of people in water bodies;
2. proposals to involve, in accordance with the established procedure, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies in the liquidation of emergencies;
3. proposals to introduce a state of emergency on the territory of the Russian Federation or in its individual localities in the event of an emergency;
4. annual state report on the state of protection of the population and territories of the Russian Federation from natural and man-made emergencies;
5. proposals for organizing a response to emergencies of a regional, federal and cross-border nature, for providing financial assistance from the federal budget to the population and territories affected by emergencies;

2) develops and approves (installs):

1. regulations on the system and procedure for monitoring and forecasting emergencies;
2. methods for assessing damage from emergencies, classification and accounting of emergencies, as well as a standard safety passport for the territories of constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipalities;
3. the procedure for creating emergency rescue teams, as well as the provision for organizing the provision of personal protective equipment to the population;
4. instructions for preparing and conducting exercises and training in civil defense, protecting the population from emergencies, ensuring fire safety and the safety of people on water bodies;

3) organizes:

1. work to prevent and eliminate federal and cross-border emergencies, and rescue people during these emergencies;
2. planning in the established order of actions and the use of civil defense troops to perform tasks for the defense of the Russian Federation, training civil defense troops for joint actions with the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation for the defense of the Russian Federation;
3. informing the population through the media and other channels about predicted and occurring emergencies and fires, measures to ensure the safety of the population and territories, methods and methods of protection, as well as propaganda in the field of civil defense, protecting the population and territories from emergencies, ensuring fire safety and security people on water bodies;
4. training in educational institutions of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, other educational institutions of specialists for the civil defense troops, the State Fire Service, the State Inspectorate for Small Vessels, firefighters, rescue and other formations of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, personnel for the fire department and organizations regardless of the form of ownership, as well as training in the prescribed manner personnel for the relevant authorities of foreign states;
5. methodological guidance and control in resolving issues of training the population in the field of civil defense, protecting the population and territories from emergencies, ensuring fire safety and the safety of people on water bodies, as well as, within its competence, in training young people in the basics of life safety;
6. carrying out, in the prescribed manner, certification of emergency rescue services, fire and rescue, emergency rescue units and rescuers of federal executive authorities and executive authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
7. carrying out research and development work in the field of civil defense, emergency prevention and response, ensuring fire safety and safety of people on water bodies, development of RSChS, overcoming the consequences of radiation accidents and disasters, underwater work for special purposes;
8. formation and delivery in the prescribed manner, together with interested federal executive authorities, of humanitarian aid to the population of the Russian Federation and foreign countries, as well as the evacuation of Russian citizens from foreign countries in the event of an emergency;

4) carries out:

1. supervision over the implementation by executive authorities, local governments, organizations and citizens of established requirements for civil defense and fire safety, as well as for the protection of the population and territories from emergencies within the limits of their powers;
2. management of the activities of the State Fire Service, coordination of the activities of all types of fire protection;
3. management in the prescribed manner of the RSChS; methodological guidance of executive authorities in determining the composition, deployment and equipment of the forces of the functional and territorial subsystems of the RSChS;
4. within its competence, measures to prevent, detect and suppress terrorist activities;
5. development and control over the implementation of federal target programs in the field of civil defense, protection of the population and territories from emergencies, ensuring fire safety, safety of people on water bodies, overcoming the consequences of radiation accidents and disasters;
6. international cooperation in the field of civil defense, emergency prevention and response, ensuring fire safety and human safety on water bodies, overcoming the consequences of radiation accidents and disasters, underwater work for special purposes, as well as support for international humanitarian projects, programs and operations.

Symbols of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia

The main symbol of the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations is the White Star of Hope and Salvation, on the basis of which the emblem of the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations was developed, which is a vertically elongated octagon, in the center of which is the international distinctive sign of civil defense - a blue triangle in an orange circle.

The emblem of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia was established by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of November 15, 1997 No. 1231 “On the flag and heraldic sign - the emblem of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergency Situations and Disaster Relief.” According to the degree of information content, the emblem is divided into three levels: large, medium and small. The large emblem is an image of a double-headed eagle with an orange shield on its chest. In the center of the shield is the White Star of Hope and Salvation.

This emblem is used on the flag, the minister's standard, departmental awards, challenge pennants and the minister's sleeve insignia. The middle emblem is an image of a double-headed eagle, on the chest of which is the White Star of Hope and Salvation. It is used on banners, pennants, sleeve insignia, departmental awards, in the design of territories and premises of military camps, as well as on advertising, souvenirs and printed materials. The minor emblem represents the White Star of Hope. It is used on sleeve and breastplates, departmental awards, and for marking equipment and property.

Emblems of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia:
a) big; b) average; c) small (White Star of Hope)

Control questions

2. In what year was the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations founded?
3. What bodies are included in the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia?
4. What functions does the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations perform?
5. What do you know about the symbols of the Ministry of Emergency Situations?

Reference

For Russia, whose territory is located in different physical-geographical and climatic zones, and whose economic complex is characterized by a high degree of concentration of hazardous industries, the risk of man-made accidents and natural disasters is especially high. It is no coincidence that it was in our country that, practically for the first time in world practice, a special structure was formed - the Ministry of Civil Defense, Emergency Situations and Disaster Relief.

The history of the Ministry of Emergency Situations is closely connected with the history of Russian civil defense, which Turned 78 years old on October 4, 2010. State civil defense began October 4, 1932 the adoption by the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of the "Regulations on the Air Defense of the USSR", which for the first time determined the measures and means of directly protecting the population and territories of the country from air danger in the zone of possible action of enemy aviation. This day is considered to be the birthday of the Local Air Defense (LAD) - the initial stage of development of the state system for protecting the population and territories.

The decision made by the country's leadership in 1961 to transform the MPVO into a civil defense (CD) system practically completed the process of revising established views on the protection of the population and territories, which began in 1955, in the face of the possible use of weapons of mass destruction by the enemy.

December 27, 1990 Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR No. 606 “On the formation of the Russian Rescue Corps on the rights of the State Committee of the RSFSR” was adopted. This day is considered the day of the formation of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia. In 1995, by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation, December 27 was declared Rescuer Day of the Russian Federation.

Starting to create the structure - December 27, 1990, when the resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR was adopted “On the formation of the Russian Rescue Corps as a state committee of the RSFSR, as well as the formation of a unified state-public system for forecasting, preventing and eliminating the consequences of emergency situations.” The corps was headed by Sergei Shoigu. This particular day - December 27 - was declared Rescuer Day of the Russian Federation in 1995 by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation. On July 30, 1991, the Russian Rescue Corps was transformed into the RSFSR State Committee for Emergency Situations, whose chairman was Sergei Kuzhugetovich Shoigu.

November 19 By decree of the President of the RSFSR, the State Committee for Civil Defense, Emergency Situations and Disaster Relief under the President of the RSFSR (GKChS RSFSR) was created, chaired by S.K. Shoigu. The new state body united the forces and resources of the State Committee for Emergency Situations and the Civil Defense Headquarters of the RSFSR of the USSR Ministry of Defense. January 10, 1994 The State Committee for Emergency Situations of Russia was transformed into the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergency Situations and Disaster Relief (EMERCOM of Russia), the minister is Sergei Shoigu. On December 9, 1992, on the basis of the former Higher Central Courses of Civil Defense, the Academy of Civil Defense of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation was created, a unique educational institution that has no analogues in the world.

December 21, 1994 The law “On the protection of the population and territories from natural and man-made emergencies” was adopted, which became the main management tool both in the field of preventing emergency situations, reducing risks, and in eliminating the consequences of accidents, catastrophes and natural disasters. This law marked the beginning of the creation of a legal basis for the activities of the Russian Emergency Service. On July 14, 1995, the federal law of the Russian Federation “On emergency rescue services and the status of rescuers” was adopted. This Law defined the general organizational, legal and economic foundations for the creation and activities of emergency rescue services, emergency rescue units on the territory of the Russian Federation, established the rights, duties and responsibilities of rescuers, determined the foundations of state policy in the field of legal and social protection of rescuers and other citizens of the Russian Federation. Federations that took part in eliminating the consequences of natural and man-made emergencies.

In September 1995 An agreement was signed with the International Civil Defense Organization on the opening of a Moscow regional training center for training civil defense specialists on the basis of the Civil Defense Academy. The International Rescue Training Center was opened on May 7, 1996 in the city of Noginsk near Moscow. The status of the Center as an international humanitarian institution is supported by the UN. The objectives of the Center are to train rescuers from various countries using methods developed by specialists from the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations, taking into account international experience, to attract trained rescuers to participate in major exercises organized by the Ministry of Emergency Situations, and to real rescue operations as an international reserve. The center is equipped with the latest models of rescue equipment and equipment, as well as an airmobile hospital of the Ministry of Emergency Situations. Graduates are awarded the qualification “international class rescuer”. The Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia is a structure that covers almost the entire country with a network. Rescuers are equipped with the most modern rescue technologies. Russian rescuers were trained in the best rescue services in the world, and some foreign rescue specialists came to Russia, to the Rescue Training Center, to learn from our experience in responding to emergency situations.

Currently, the ability of the state and society to promptly recognize the preconditions for crises and disasters and effectively deal with them is becoming one of the key tasks of ensuring national security.

A new image of civil defense has been formed and the range of its tasks has been significantly expanded. Fundamentally new approaches to the organization and conduct of civil defense have been introduced at the federal level, in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipalities. Based on the introduction of modern technical means and unification of structural elements, the National Crisis Management Center of the Unified State System for the Prevention and Elimination of Emergency Situations (RSChS) and Civil Defense was created. The centralized civil defense warning system was reconstructed at the federal and interregional levels. The necessary measures have been taken to preserve the material and technical base of civil defense, the engineering protection system for the population, and the reserves of material and technical resources of civil defense.

In accordance with the Plan for the construction and development of forces and means of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, on the basis of the reorganized formations and military units of the civil defense forces, military rescue formations of permanent readiness of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia are formed, capable of effectively and fully fulfilling the tasks assigned to them in peacetime and wartime.

A unified system of training for all categories of the population in the field of civil defense and population protection has been created, based on the introduction of modern teaching methods and technical means. For the purpose of training various categories of the population and disseminating information, the All-Russian Integrated System of Information and Warning of the Population (OKSION) was created. At the present stage of development, a new image of civil defense has been formed and the range of its tasks has been significantly expanded. Fundamentally new approaches to the organization and conduct of civil defense activities have been introduced, allowing for flexible and prompt solutions to problems of protecting the population and territories from the dangers of peace and war.

Organizational structure of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia

One of the areas of activity of the Ministry is the management of the creation and development of the Russian System of Prevention and Action in Emergency Situations (RSChS). It was created with the aim of combining the efforts of federal and local executive authorities, their forces and means in preventing and eliminating emergency situations.

The functional subsystem and emergency commissions include:

Day-to-day management bodies and duty dispatch groups;

Forces and means of monitoring and controlling emergency situations;

Emergency response forces and means, etc.

Central office of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia:

Minister. First Deputy Minister. State Secretary - Deputy Minister. 3 -Deputy Minister. Chief military expert. Chief State Inspector of the Russian Federation for Fire Supervision.

Departments of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia:

Fire and rescue forces, special fire brigade and civil defense forces. Territorial policy. Civil protection. Logistics and weapons. Administrative. Supervisory activities. Organizational and mobilization. Personnel policy. International activities. Financial and economic. Investments and capital construction.

Offices of the Russian Medical Emergency Service:

Scientific and technical. State Inspectorate for Small Vessels. Overcoming the consequences of radiation accidents and disasters. Aviation and air rescue technologies. Federal support for territories. Medical and psychological support. Control and audit. Protecting information and ensuring the safety of rescue operations. Information. Legal. Paramilitary mine rescue units.

Central apparatus of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation (9 departments, 9 directorates, 1 division):

Department of Management. Department of Civil Defense. Department of Prevention and Elimination of Emergency Situations. Department of Training of Civil Defense Troops and Other Formations. Department of Logistics and Weapons. Department of Measures for the Protection of Population and Territories. Department of Finance and Economics. Department of Investments and Operation of Fixed Assets. Department of International Cooperation. Personnel Department. Organizational and mobilization management. Department of the Minister's Office. Communications and notification management. Scientific and technical management. Aviation Department. Legal management. Medical management. Economic management. Information Department (Press Service).

Operating modes of the Russian emergency system

RSChS has 3 operating modes depending on the current situation:

a mode of constant activity exists in the absence of an emergency situation, when all control bodies and forces of the RSChS work in a normal rhythm;

high alert mode, introduced when there is a threat of an emergency;

emergency mode is introduced when an emergency occurs and is eliminated.

The decision to introduce operating modes for management bodies, forces and means of the RSChS is made by a decision of the authorities at the federal, regional, territorial or local level.

The main activities carried out by the governing bodies and forces of the unified system are:

a) during daily activities:

Studying the state of the environment and forecasting emergencies;

Collection, processing and exchange of information in the field of protecting the population and territories from emergencies and ensuring fire safety;

Planning the actions of the governing bodies and forces of the unified system, organizing their training and ensuring their activities;

Promotion of knowledge in the field of protecting the population and territories from emergencies and ensuring fire safety;

Management of the creation, placement, storage and replenishment of reserves of material resources for emergency response;

b) in high alert mode:

Strengthening control over the state of the environment, forecasting the occurrence of emergencies and their consequences;

Continuous collection, processing and transfer to the authorities and forces of a unified system of data on predicted emergencies, informing the population about methods and methods of protection against them;

Taking prompt measures to prevent the occurrence and development of emergencies;

Clarification of action plans for the prevention and elimination of emergencies and other documents;

Carrying out evacuation measures if necessary;

c) in emergency mode:

Continuous monitoring of the state of the environment, forecasting the development of emerging emergencies and their consequences;

Notifying the leaders and population of territories about emerging emergencies;

Carrying out measures to protect the population and territories from emergencies;

Continuous collection, analysis and exchange of information about the situation in the emergency zone and during the work to eliminate it;

Organization and maintenance of continuous interaction of all executive authorities on issues of emergency response and their consequences;

Carrying out life support activities for the population in emergencies.

Depending on the scale of spread and severity of consequences, emergencies are classified into:

Local (on-site), in which the damaging factors and impact of the emergency source do not extend beyond the boundaries of the production site or facility and can be eliminated using one’s own forces and means;

Local, in which the damaging factors and impact of the emergency source do not extend beyond the boundaries of the populated area, city (district);

Territorial, in which the damaging factors and impact of the emergency source do not extend beyond the boundaries of the subject (republic, territory, region, autonomous entity);

Regional, in which the damaging factors and impact of the emergency source cover the territory of two or three constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

Federal, in which the damaging factors and impact of the emergency source extend beyond the boundaries of four or more constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

Global, in which the damaging factors and impact of an emergency situation extend beyond the borders of the state.

Emergency response forces and means

The most important component of the unified state system of warning and liquidation of emergency situations is its forces and means. They are divided into forces and means of observation and control and emergency response means.

The Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergency Situations and Disaster Relief has, as its main mobile force, detachments and services of the Association of Rescue Forces of Russia.

Rescue units (teams) of the search and rescue service (SRS) of the ministry;

In addition to rescue teams, the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations uses the following forces:

Militarized and non-military fire-fighting, search and rescue and emergency recovery formations of federal executive authorities and organizations of Russia;

Establishment and formation of the emergency medical care service of the Ministry of Health of Russia and other federal executive authorities and organizations of Russia;

Formation of the animal and plant protection service of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia;

Units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) of the Russian Federation and municipal police units;

Civil defense forces in military formations and at national economic facilities;

Military units and formations of radiation, chemical, biological protection and engineering troops of the Russian Ministry of Defense;

Search and rescue forces and services for civil aviation flights;

Recovery and firefighting trains of the Russian Ministry of Railways;

Emergency and rescue services of the Russian Navy and other ministries;

Militarized anti-hail and anti-avalanche services of Roshydromet;

Territorial emergency rescue units of the State Inspectorate for Small Vessels of the Russian Federation of the Russian Ministry of Natural Resources;

Units of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia;

Paramilitary mine rescue, blowout and gas rescue units of the Russian Ministry of Fuel and Energy;

Emergency technical centers and specialized teams of the Russian Ministry of Atomic Energy;

The teams and specialists are volunteers of public associations.

Organizational structure and tasks of territorial commissions for emergency situations

Territorial subsystems of the RSChS are created within the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and consist of units corresponding to the administrative-territorial division. Each territorial subsystem is designed to prevent and eliminate emergency situations in the territory under its jurisdiction. It includes:

The governing body is the republican, regional (regional), municipal commission for emergency situations (CoES);

A permanent governing body specifically authorized to solve problems in the field of protecting the population and territory from emergency situations;

The territory's own forces and means, as well as the forces and means of functional subsystems.

The first deputy head of the administration of the executive body of power is appointed as the chairman of the territorial commission. The operational management body in the commissions is the corresponding civil defense headquarters (regional civil defense headquarters, city and district civil defense headquarters). The necessary subcommittees and other divisions are created in emergency commissions. District CoES and emergency commissions of cities of regional subordination interact directly with the population.

In order to ensure life safety, territorial executive authorities can also form auxiliary structures. For example, under the mayor's office of Novosibirsk in 1997, a Security Council was created, which includes the city life safety center. This center interacts with law enforcement agencies, city civil defense headquarters, Novosibirsk customs and other structures.

Information is transmitted directly to the emergency commission:

About natural disasters;

About accidental salvo and emergency emissions and discharges;

About situations associated with high levels of pollution and extremely high levels of pollution of the natural environment.

Information is immediately transmitted:

About natural disasters that can cause illness or death of people, animals or plants;

About emergency burst releases (discharges) of pollutants, if they threaten the health or life of people, animals or plants;

About visual detection of a negative impact on nature (unusual color or smell in rivers, lakes; death of fish or plants; deviations from the norm of spawning or migration of fish; death of animals, including wild ones).

At the same time, there are certain criteria for assessing environmental pollution, classified as an emergency. Extremely high pollution of the natural environment means the following.

1. For atmospheric air:

• the content of one or more pollutants exceeding the maximum permissible concentration:
• 20-29 times for more than 2 days;
• 30-49 times when maintaining this level for 8 hours or more;
• 50 or more times (excluding time);
• visual and organoleptic signs:
• the appearance of a persistent odor that is not characteristic of the area (season);
• detection of the influence of air on human sensory organs - pain in the eyes, lacrimation, taste in the mouth, difficulty breathing, redness or other changes in the skin, vomiting, etc.
• (several dozen people at the same time);

2. For surface waters of land, sea waters:

• a one-time excess of the maximum permissible concentration for pollutants of hazard class 1 - 2 by 5 or more times, for substances of hazard class 3 - 4 by 50 or more times;
• a film on the surface of the water (petroleum, oil or other origin), covering more than 1/3 of the surface of the reservoir with its visible area up to 6 km 2;
• strong unusual odor from reservoir water;
• entry of toxic (poisonous) substances into the reservoir;
• reducing the content of oxygen dissolved in water to 2 or less ml/l;
• increase in biochemical oxygen consumption (BOD) over 40 mg/l;
• mass death of fish, crayfish, algae, etc.;

3. For soils and lands:

• content of pesticides in concentrations of 50 or more MAC according to sanitary and toxicological criteria;
• the content of pollutants of technological origin in concentrations of 50 or more MAC;
• if the maximum permissible concentration of the pollutant has not been established, then the excess of the background is more than 100 times;
• presence of unauthorized toxic waste dumps;

4. For radioactive contamination of the environment:

• the exposure dose rate of gamma radiation on the ground, measured at a height of 1 m. From the surface of the earth, was 60 or more microR/h;
• the total beta activity of the fallout, according to the results of the first measurements, exceeded 110 Bq/m2;
• the concentration of radionuclides in samples of agricultural products exceeded the accepted single permissible levels (SAL).

The Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergency Situations and Disaster Relief is a federal executive body responsible for solving problems in the field of civil defense, protecting the population and territories from natural and man-made emergencies and eliminating their consequences. Currently, the Ministry of Emergency Situations also includes the fire service.

Until the end of the last century, there was no ministry that would deal exclusively with natural and man-made emergency situations in Russia. Only in 1991 was the Association of Rescue Forces of Russia formed.

At the same time, Sergei Shoigu was appointed chairman of the Russian Rescue Corps. He also headed the later formed State Committee for Emergency Situations and Civil Defense (GKES). On January 10, 1994, the State Committee for Emergency Situations of Russia was transformed into the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergency Situations and Disaster Relief.

In just a few years of the existence of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the lives of thousands of Russians were saved. Russian rescuers have repeatedly provided assistance to foreign countries, taking part in eliminating the consequences of natural disasters, terrorist attacks and other emergency situations. The scope of activities of the Ministry of Emergency Situations also includes the provision of humanitarian assistance.

The main tasks of the Ministry of Emergency Situations:

• development and implementation of state policy in the field of civil defense, protection of the population and territories from emergency situations, ensuring fire safety, as well as the safety of people on water bodies within the competence of the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations;
• organizing the preparation and approval in the prescribed manner of draft regulatory legal acts in the field of civil defense, protection of the population and territories from emergency situations, ensuring fire safety and the safety of people on water bodies;
• implementation of management in the field of civil defense, protection of the population and territories from emergency situations, ensuring fire safety, safety of people on water bodies, as well as managing the activities of federal executive authorities within the framework of a unified state system for the prevention and response of emergency situations;
• implementation of regulatory regulation in order to prevent, forecast and mitigate the consequences of emergency situations and fires, as well as the implementation of special, permitting, supervisory and control functions on issues within the competence of the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations;
  carrying out activities to organize and conduct civil defense, emergency response in emergency situations, protecting the population and territories from emergencies and fires, ensuring the safety of people on water bodies, as well as implementing emergency humanitarian response measures, including outside the Russian Federation.