Instruction No.___

INSTRUCTIONS
on labor protection
for operators and users of personal electronic computers (PCs) and workers involved in the operation of PCs and video display terminals (VDT)

The instructions are compiled in accordance with the “Standard labor protection instructions for operators and users of personal electronic computers (PCs) and workers involved in the operation of PCs and video display terminals (VDT)” TOI R 01-00-01-96.

1. General safety provisions

1.1. The following employees are allowed to occupy the positions of operator, programmer, engineer, PC technician, PC and VDT user:

• who have undergone appropriate training;
• having professional skills for work;
• passed before being allowed to work independently:
  • mandatory preliminary (upon entry to work) and periodic (during employment) medical examinations (examinations) and those recognized as fit to perform work in the manner established by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation;
  • training in safe methods and techniques for performing work;
  • labor safety briefing;
  • on-the-job training;
  • testing knowledge of labor protection requirements;
• having an electrical safety group of at least I.

Women from the time of pregnancy and during breastfeeding are not allowed to perform all types of work related to the use of VDT and PC.

1.2. The PC operator must:

• comply with the requirements of these instructions, norms and rules;
• correctly use personal and collective protective equipment;
• undergo training in safe methods and techniques for performing work, instructions on labor protection, on-the-job training and testing of knowledge of labor protection and fire safety requirements;
• immediately notify your immediate or superior manager about a situation that threatens people’s health, about every accident or about a deterioration in your health;
• undergo periodic (once every 2 years) medical examination;
• know the rules and procedures for behavior in case of fire;
• be able to use primary fire extinguishing means;
• do not allow unauthorized persons into the workplace;
• smoke and eat in specially designated areas;
• know that you cannot be in the workplace under the influence of alcohol or drugs;
• keep the workplace clean;
• use small-scale mechanization tools during work for their intended purpose, in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions;
• be careful while working and avoid violating labor safety requirements.

1.3. The work of a PC operator falls into the category of work associated with dangerous and harmful working conditions. During the work process, the PC operator is exposed to the following dangerous and harmful production factors:

physical:

• increased levels of electromagnetic radiation;
• increased levels of x-ray radiation;
• increased levels of ultraviolet radiation;
• increased level of infrared radiation;
• increased level of static electricity;
• increased levels of dust in the air of the working area;
• increased content of positive air ions in the air of the working area;
• reduced content of negative air ions in the air of the working area;
• low or high air humidity in the working area;
• reduced or increased mobility of air in the working area;
• increased noise level;
• increased or decreased light levels;
• increased level of direct gloss;
• increased level of reflected gloss;
• increased levels of blindness;
• uneven distribution of brightness in the field of view;
• increased brightness of the light image;
• increased level of light flux pulsation;
• increased voltage in an electrical circuit, the closure of which can occur through the human body;

chemical:

increased content in the air of the working area of ​​carbon dioxide, ozone, ammonia, phenol, formaldehyde and polychlorinated biphenyls;

psychophysiological:

• eyestrain;
• tension of attention;
• intellectual loads;
• emotional stress;
• long-term static loads;
• monotony of work;
• a large amount of information processed per unit of time;
• irrational organization of the workplace;

biological:

increased content of microorganisms in the air of the working area.

1.4. When performing work, the employee must use personal protective equipment issued in accordance with industry standard standards for issuing personal protective equipment to workers and employees of organizations:

1.5. In rooms where work is carried out on PCs and VDPs, it is necessary to create optimal conditions for visual work. The illumination of the workplace under mixed lighting (in the horizontal plane in the area where the keyboard and work documents are placed) should be in the range from 300 to 500 Lux. The main flow of natural light should be on the left; sun rays and glare should not fall into the field of view of the worker or onto the video monitor screens.

1.6. The PC monitor should be located at a distance of 50-70 cm from the operator’s eyes and have an anti-glare coating. The illumination of the screen surface should not be more than 300 lux. The coating should also ensure the removal of electrostatic charge from the surface of the screen and prevent sparking and dust accumulation.

1.7. Do not block the back wall of the system unit or place the PC close to the wall, this will lead to poor cooling of the system unit and overheating.

1.8. To increase air humidity in rooms with a personal computer, you should use air humidifiers, refilled daily with distilled water.

1.9. It is prohibited to repair personal computers directly in work premises.

1.10. When placing workstations with PCs, the distance between desktops with video monitors (toward the rear surface of one video monitor and the screen of another video monitor) must be at least 2.0 m, and the distance between the side surfaces of video monitors must be at least 1.2 m.

1.11. The work chair (chair) must be lift-swivel and adjustable in height and angles of inclination of the seat and back, as well as the distance of the back from the front edge of the seat, while the adjustment of each parameter must be independent, easy to carry out and have a reliable fixation.

1.12. Rooms with personal computers should be equipped with a first aid kit and carbon dioxide fire extinguishers.

1.13. The height of the working surface of the table for adult users should be adjustable within the range of 680-800 mm; if this is not possible, the height of the working surface should be 725 mm.

1.14. The work desk must have legroom of at least 600 mm in height, at least 500 mm in width, at least 450 mm in knee depth and at least 650 mm in legroom.

1.15. The workplace must be equipped with a footrest with a width of at least 300 mm, a depth of at least 400 mm, height adjustment within 150 mm and an angle of the inclined surface of the stand up to 20°. The surface of the stand should be corrugated and have a rim 10 mm high along the front edge.

1.16. A workstation with a personal computer should be equipped with an easily movable document rest.

1.17. The keyboard should be placed on the table surface at a distance of 100-300 mm from the edge or on a special height-adjustable working surface, separate from the main table top.

1.18. In cases where workers with a personal computer experience visual discomfort and other unfavorable sensations, despite compliance with the sanitary and hygienic requirements of work and rest regimes, an individual approach should be taken to each employee in limiting the time they work with the computer.

1.19. To relieve general fatigue during breaks, it is necessary to carry out physical training breaks, including general impact exercises that improve the functional state of the nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory systems, as well as improve blood circulation and reduce muscle fatigue.

1.20. When performing creative work that requires significant mental stress or high concentration of attention, workstations with PCs are recommended to be isolated from each other by partitions 1.5-2.0 m high.

1.21. Those working on VDTs and PCs with a high level of tension during regulated breaks and at the end of the working day should be provided with psychological relief in specially equipped rooms (psychological relief room).

1.22. It is prohibited to use tools, devices, equipment, the use of which the employee has not been trained or instructed.

1.23. For violation of the requirements of the instructions, the employee is responsible in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. Before starting work, the operator must:

• wash your face and hands with soap and put on a white cotton robe;
• inspect and put the workplace in order;
• adjust the lighting in the workplace, make sure there is sufficient illumination, no reflections on the screen, and no oncoming light flow;
• check that the equipment is connected correctly to the electrical network;
• make sure that there is protective grounding and that the shield conductor is connected to the processor case;
• wipe the surface of the screen and protective filter with a special cloth;
• make sure that there are no floppy disks in the drives of the personal computer processor;
• check the correct installation of the table, chair, footrest, music stand, equipment position, screen angle, keyboard position and, if necessary, adjust the desktop and chair, as well as the arrangement of computer elements in accordance with ergonomic requirements and in order to eliminate awkward postures and prolonged body stress.

2.2. When turning on the computer, the operator must follow the following sequence of turning on the equipment:

• turn on the power supply;
• turn on peripheral devices (printer, monitor, scanner, etc.);
• turn on the system unit (processor).

2.3. The operator is prohibited from starting work when:

• the absence of a hygienic certificate on the VDT, including an assessment of visual parameters;
• lack of information about the results of certification of working conditions at a given workplace or in the presence of information about the non-compliance of the parameters of this equipment with the requirements of sanitary standards;
• absence of a protective screen filter of the “full protection” class;
• disconnected grounding conductor of the protective filter;
• detection of equipment malfunction;
• lack of protective grounding of PC and VDT devices;
• lack of a carbon dioxide or powder fire extinguisher and a first aid kit;
• violation of hygienic standards for the placement of VDTs (when arranged in a single row less than 1 m from the walls, when workplaces are arranged in a column at a distance of less than 1.5 m, when placed on an area of ​​less than 6 m² per workplace, when displays are placed in rows with screens facing each other) .

3. Safety requirements during operation

3.1. During work, the operator is obliged to:

• perform only the work for which he has been assigned and for which he has been instructed;
• keep the workplace tidy and clean throughout the working day;
• keep all device ventilation openings open;
• use an external mouse device only if you have a special mouse pad;
• if you need to stop working for a while, correctly close all active tasks;
• turn off the power only if the operator, during a break in working on the computer, is forced to be in close proximity to the video terminal (less than 2 meters), otherwise the power may not be turned off;
• comply with sanitary standards and observe work and rest schedules;
• comply with the rules for operating computer equipment in accordance with the operating instructions;
• when working with text information, choose the most physiological mode for presenting black characters on a white background;
• observe the regulated breaks in work established by the working hours and perform recommended exercises for the eyes, neck, arms, torso, and legs during physical education breaks and physical education minutes;
• Maintain a distance from the eyes to the screen within 60-80 cm.

3.2. During work, the operator is prohibited from:

• touch the monitor screen and keyboard at the same time;
• touch the back panel of the system unit (processor) when the power is on;
• switching connectors of interface cables of peripheral devices when the power is on;
• clutter the top panels of devices with papers and foreign objects;
• allow the workplace to be cluttered with paper in order to prevent the accumulation of organic dust;
• turn off the power while performing an active task;
• make frequent power switches;
• prevent moisture from getting on the surface of the system unit (processor), monitor, working surface of the keyboard, disk drives, printers and other devices;
• turn on very cool equipment (brought from outside in winter);
• independently open and repair equipment;
• exceed the number of processed characters over 30,000 in 4 hours of work.

4. Safety requirements in emergency situations

4.1. The operator is obliged:

• in all cases of detection of broken power wires, grounding faults and other damage to electrical equipment, or the appearance of a burning smell, immediately turn off the power and report the emergency to the manager and the electrician on duty;
• if you find a person under voltage, immediately release him from the action of the current by turning off the power supply and, until the doctor arrives, provide first aid to the victim;
• in any case of malfunction of technical equipment or software, immediately call a representative of the engineering and technical service for the operation of computer equipment;
• in the event of pain in the eyes, a sharp deterioration in visibility - the inability to focus or bring it into focus, pain in the fingers and hands, increased heartbeat, immediately leave the workplace, report the incident to the work manager and consult a doctor;
• If the equipment catches fire, turn off the power and take measures to extinguish the fire using a carbon dioxide or powder fire extinguisher, call the fire brigade and report the incident to the work manager.

5. Safety requirements after completion of work

5.1. Upon completion of work, the operator must follow the following sequence of turning off computer equipment:

• close all active tasks;
• park the hard disk read head (if automatic head parking is not provided);
• turn off the power to the system unit (processor);
• turn off the power to all peripheral devices;
• disconnect the power supply.

5.2. Upon completion of work, the operator must inspect and tidy up the workplace, hang the robe in the closet and wash his hands and face with soap.

Electrical safety requirements.

A personal computer is an electrical device. It differs from other electrical appliances in that it can be used for a long time without being disconnected from the electrical network. In addition to the normal operating mode, the computer can be in an operating mode with reduced power consumption or in a standby mode waiting for a request. Due to the possibility of long-term operation of the computer without disconnecting from the power supply, special attention should be paid to the quality of the power supply.

1. It is unacceptable to use low-quality and worn-out components in the power supply system, as well as their surrogate substitutes: sockets, extension cords, adapters, tees. It is unacceptable to independently modify sockets to accept plugs that meet other standards. Electrical contacts of sockets should not experience mechanical stress associated with connecting massive components (adapters, tees, etc.).
2. All power cables and wires should be located at the back of the computer and peripheral devices. Their placement in the user's work area is unacceptable.
3. It is prohibited to perform any operations related to connecting, disconnecting or moving components of a computer system without first turning off the power.
4. The computer should not be installed near electrical heaters or heating systems.
5. It is unacceptable to place foreign objects on the system unit, monitor and peripheral devices: books, sheets of paper, napkins, dust covers. This results in permanent or temporary blockage of the ventilation openings.
6. Do not introduce foreign objects into the service or ventilation openings of computer system components.

Features of the monitor power supply. The monitor has elements that can maintain high voltage for a long time after being disconnected from the network. Opening the monitor by the user is unacceptable under any circumstances. This is not only life-threatening, but also technically useless, since there are no organs inside the monitor that the user could adjust or configure to improve its performance. Opening and servicing of monitors can only be carried out in special workshops.

Features of the power supply of the system unit.

All components of the system unit receive electricity from the power supply. The PC power supply is a stand-alone unit located at the top of the system unit. Safety regulations do not prohibit opening the system unit, for example, when installing additional internal devices or upgrading them, but this does not apply to the power supply. The computer power supply is a source of increased fire hazard, so it can only be opened and repaired in specialized workshops.
The power supply has a built-in fan and ventilation holes. Due to this, dust will inevitably accumulate in it, which can cause a short circuit. It is recommended to periodically (once or twice a year) use a vacuum cleaner to remove dust from the power supply through the ventilation holes without opening the system unit. It is especially important to perform this operation before each transportation or tilt of the system unit.

System of hygienic requirements.

Working with a computer for a long time can lead to health problems. Short-term work with a computer installed in gross violations of hygiene standards and rules leads to increased fatigue. The harmful effects of a computer system on the human body are complex. Monitor parameters affect the organs of vision. The equipment of the workplace affects the organs of the musculoskeletal system. The nature of the arrangement of equipment in a computer class and the mode of its use affects both the general psychophysiological state of the body and its visual organs.

Video system requirements.

In the past, monitors were viewed primarily as a source of harmful radiation, primarily affecting the eyes. Today this approach is considered insufficient. In addition to harmful electromagnetic radiation (which on modern monitors has been reduced to a relatively safe level), image quality parameters must be taken into account, and they are determined not only by the monitor, but also by the video adapter, that is, the entire video system as a whole.

Workplace requirements.

The requirements for the workplace include requirements for a desktop, a seat (chair, armchair), rests for arms and legs. Despite its apparent simplicity, ensuring the correct placement of computer system elements and the correct seating of the user is extremely difficult. A complete solution to the problem requires additional costs comparable in magnitude to the cost of individual components of a computer system, therefore, both in production and in production, these requirements are often neglected.
Despite the fact that schoolchildren spend relatively little time in the computer classroom, teaching them proper occupational hygiene through a worthy example is very important so that useful skills are reinforced for life. This is not just a requirement of hygiene, but a requirement of methodology.

Requirements for organizing classes.

The monitor screen is not the only source of harmful electromagnetic radiation. Monitor developers have been successfully overcoming them for a long time. Less attention is paid to harmful spurious emissions arising from the sides and rear walls of equipment. In modern computer systems, these areas are the most dangerous.
The computer monitor should be positioned so that its back wall faces the wall of the room rather than people. In computer classes with several computers, workstations should be located along the periphery of the room, leaving the center free. In this case, it is additionally necessary to check each of the workplaces for the absence of direct reflection of external lighting sources. As a rule, it is quite difficult to achieve this for all jobs at the same time. A possible solution is to use curtains on the windows and thoughtful placement of artificial sources of general and local lighting.
Uninterruptible power supply devices are strong sources of electromagnetic radiation. They should be located as far as possible from user seats.

In organizing classes, their duration plays an important role, on which psychophysiological loads depend. For high school students, the duration of a computer session should not exceed 30 minutes, for elementary school students - 20 minutes. The rest of the computer science lesson is spent communicating with the teacher and teaching aids.
Due to a lack of equipment, computer classes sometimes conduct group classes, during which two or three students study at one workstation. This organizational technique is unacceptable from a hygienic point of view. Some students have to sit to the side of the monitor, which negatively affects both the visual organs and the musculoskeletal system. The educational process must be planned so that every student has the opportunity to learn the correct techniques for working with a computer.

Use of hardware and software by the enterprise

The technical school uses computer educational technologies to a large extent, which allows the student to receive a fairly high level of education. The technical school has several classrooms equipped with the latest computers and printers for printing. Some classrooms are equipped with projectors to display information on a large screen. There is also an electronic room where students can study outside of class hours, and free Internet access. All office offices are also equipped with computers. Almost all computers at the technical school are united into one common local network. As a result, the technical school uses a wide variety of software necessary to organize the educational process.

Safety precautions. Labor protection instructions for computer operators

Minimum dimensions of a computer (personal computer) operator's workplace

When performing any work, a technician must have a healthy sense of danger and use common sense. In the absence of these qualities, he is not allowed to work independently.

Labor safety requirements before starting work:

1. Before starting work, the operator must:

receive instructions from the work manager about safe methods, techniques and sequence of performing a production task;

put your clothes in order, fasten all the buttons so that there are no hanging ends, arrange your hair so that it does not cover your face and eyes;

make the workplace safe;

It is prohibited to wear shoes with excessively high heels.

Before turning on a computer or other office equipment, make sure that electrical wires, plugs and sockets are in good condition. Plugs and sockets must comply with European standards. A distinctive feature of these plugs and sockets is the presence of a third wire that provides grounding for the computer or other device. If there is no third grounding wire, grounding must be done in the usual way using a grounding conductor and a grounding loop.

Make sure that the housing of the equipment being turned on is not damaged and that there are no objects, paper, etc. on it. Ventilation openings in the housing of the equipment being switched on should not be covered with curtains, covered with paper, sealed with adhesive tape, or blocked in any other way.

Labor protection requirements during work:

It is prohibited to drink any drinks or eat food while working.

It is prohibited to place any liquids in any container (packaging or cups) on the work table.

Premises for the operation of office equipment must have natural and artificial lighting, natural ventilation and comply with the requirements of current standards and regulations. It is prohibited to place workplaces near power electrical cables and transformer inputs, technological equipment that interferes with the operation of office equipment and negatively affects the health of operators.

Windows in rooms where computers are installed should be oriented to the north and northeast. Window openings are equipped with adjustable devices such as blinds or curtains.

The area per workstation of computer users must be at least 6 m2 for a row and central arrangement, and 4 m2 for a perimeter location. When using a computer without auxiliary devices (printer, scanner, etc.) for less than four hours a day, a minimum area of ​​5 m2 per workstation is allowed.

Polymer materials used for interior decoration of PC premises must be subject to sanitary and epidemiological examination. The floor surface must have antistatic properties and be level. The premises are wet cleaned daily. The use of extension cords, filters, tees, etc. that do not have special grounding contacts is prohibited.

The video monitor screen should be located at a distance of 600-700 mm from the operator’s eyes, the minimum permissible distance is 500 mm.

The duration of continuous work with a PC should be no more than 2 hours.

Computer table

There should also be good lighting, so that the eyes do not get tired or tired. Flickering of light, glare, and too bright light are not allowed.

Labor protection requirements upon completion of work:

Upon completion of work, the employee must do the following:

tidy up the workplace;

remove tools and accessories to specially designated storage areas;

report all noticed malfunctions and deviations from the normal state to the work manager;

bring the workplace into compliance with fire safety requirements.

Action in case of accident, fire, injury

In the event of an accident or a situation in which an accident may occur, immediately stop work, take measures for your own safety and the safety of other workers, and report the incident to the work manager.

In the event of a fire, immediately stop work, notify the fire department by calling 01, your work supervisor, and begin extinguishing the fire using available means.

In case of injury, go to the first aid station, if possible, keep the injury site in the same condition as it was at the time of injury, and report to your work supervisor personally or through workmates.

Responsibility for violation of instructions

Heads of departments, heads of workshops and sections, heads of departments and services are responsible for the actions of their subordinates that led or could lead to accidents and injuries, depending on the severity of the consequences in disciplinary, administrative or criminal proceedings.

The administration of the enterprise has the right to recover from the perpetrators the losses incurred as a result of the liquidation of the accident, when compensating for damages to employees for temporary or permanent disability in accordance with current legislation.

Instructions
on labor protection for computer users and operators (personal computers and computer stations, automated workstations equipped with computers)

1. General safety requirements
1.1. Persons who have passed a medical examination, introductory instruction, on-the-job instruction and training, and testing of labor protection knowledge are allowed to work with personal computers and their external devices.
1.2. Computer operators and users are obliged to:
comply with the internal regulations adopted in the educational institution;
perform only the work that is specified in the equipment operating instructions and job descriptions approved by the school director;
be able to provide first aid in case of electric shock and other accidents that may occur when operating computer equipment;
follow the fire safety instructions.
1.3. Computer operators and users should be aware that when working with a computer and its external devices,
In general, injuries arise as a result of exposure to slightly dangerous and harmful production factors;
- electric shock;
- getting parts of the body and clothing into the moving mechanisms of external devices;
- significant visual and general fatigue.
1.4. Women, from the time of pregnancy and during breastfeeding, are not allowed to perform all types of work related to the use of VDTs and PCs.
1.5. During regulated breaks, in order to prevent overfatigue and overstrain when working with displays, it is necessary to perform a set of special exercises.
1.6. I have the following requirements for workplace lighting:
premises must have natural and artificial lighting;
workplaces in relation to light openings should be located so that natural light falls from the side, mainly from the left;
The illumination of the table surface in the employee’s area should be 300-500 lux.
1.7. The area of ​​one workplace, equipped with a VDT or PC, for adult users must be at least 6.0 sq.m; volume - not less than 20.0 cubic meters;
1.8. The distance between desktops with video monitors (toward the rear surface of one video monitor and the screen of another) must be at least 2.0 m, the distance between the side surfaces of video monitors must be at least 1.2 m.
1.9. The size of the monitor screen should be at least 31 cm (14 inches) diagonally, the distance from the eyes to the screen should be 40-80 cm.
1.10. The desktop should be adjustable in height within 680-760 mm. Under the worktop, there must be free leg space with dimensions of at least 600 mm in height, 500 mm in width, and 650 mm in depth.
1.11. The work table (chair) is adjustable in height and angle of inclination of the seat and backrest, as well as the distance of the backrest from the front edge of the seat. Its design should provide:
- the width and depth of the seat surface is at least 400 mm;
- a flat surface of the seat with a rounded top edge;
- adjustment of the height of the seat surface within 400-550 mm and a forward tilt angle of 15 degrees, and back up to 5 degrees;
- the height of the supporting surface of the backrest is 300 mm ± 20 mm), the width is not less than 380 mm and the radius of curvature of the horizontal plane is 400 mm;
- the angle of inclination of the backrest in the vertical plane is within 0 ± 30 degrees;
- adjusting the distance of the backrest from the front edge of the seat within 250-400 mm;
- stationary or removable armrests with a length of at least 250 mm and a width of 50-70 mm;
- adjustment of the armrests in height above the seat within 230 ± 30 mm and the internal distance between the armrests within 350-500 mm.
1.12. The workplace is equipped with a footrest with a width of at least 300 mm, depth of at least 400 mm, height adjustment up to 150 mm and inclination angle of the supporting surface up to 20 degrees. The surface of the stand should be corrugated and have a rim 10 mm high along the front edge.
1.13. A workstation with a VDT or PC is equipped with an easily movable music stand for documents.
1.14. The keyboard should be placed on the table surface at a distance of 100-300 mm from the edge facing the user, or on a special tabletop, which is adjustable according to the height of the working surface.
1.15. The victim or eyewitness immediately notifies his immediate supervisor of every industrial accident. .......
2. Safety requirements before starting work
2.1. Before starting work, computer operators and users are required to:
put on and carefully tuck in the protective clothing (robe) and technical shoes (slippers) established in accordance with current standards, avoiding the ends of clothing hanging down and restricting movement;
check by external inspection and ensure the serviceability of connecting cables and cords, uninterruptible power supply (UPS), system unit, monitor, keyboard, external computer devices;
check the condition of the general lighting of the workplace;
position the keyboard and mouse in the workplace with maximum ease of use, avoiding the presence of unnecessary objects in the work area.
2.2. Report all shortcomings and malfunctions discovered during the inspection of the workplace to the management of the educational institution so that measures can be taken to eliminate them.
2.3. Computer operators and users are prohibited from:
smoke in the room where the computer and its external devices are located;
eat food near the computer and its external devices;
after turning on the computer, move the uninterruptible power supply unit, system unit, monitor, external devices;
carry out any repair work on the uninterruptible power supply unit, system unit, monitor, external computer devices.
3. Safety requirements during operation
3.1. The following requirements apply to operating equipment:
all covers and covers must be closed;
the insulating sleeves of the plugs have no cracks, and the cords have no bare spots.
3.2. When working on the equipment, computer operators and users are prohibited from touching live parts of plugs and forks, connecting cords and cables, and the protective casing of the monitor.
3.3. Connecting cords and wires is only permitted when the equipment is turned off, holding them by the insulating sleeves.
3.4. When working with printing devices and other external devices, computer operators and users are prohibited from opening protective covers and touching moving parts of printing devices. In this case, their top covers must be closed.
3.5. Checking for short circuits to the housing and the condition of the insulation must be carried out by a specially appointed person at least once every 6 months.
3.6. When operating the equipment, the doors and windows of the room must always be kept closed.
3.7. The hands, clothing and shoes of personnel working on the equipment must always be dry.
4. Safety requirements in emergency situations
4.1. Each employee who discovers violations of the requirements of these instructions, labor safety rules, or notices a malfunction of equipment that poses a danger to people is obliged to report this to his immediate supervisor. In cases where a malfunction poses a threatening danger to people or the equipment itself, the employee is obliged to take measures to terminate its operation, and then notify his immediate supervisor. Troubleshooting is carried out in compliance with safety requirements.
4.2. If an accident occurs during work, you must immediately provide first medical aid to the victim, and then report the incident to your immediate superior.
4.3. In case of electric shock, it is necessary to free the victim from the action of the current as soon as possible. Disabling the equipment should be done in one of the following ways:
using switches;
using a plug connector;
by cutting the power wire with a tool with insulated handles.
If it is impossible to turn off the equipment quickly enough, it is necessary to take other measures to free the victim from the action of the current. To separate the victim from live parts or wires, you should use a stick, board or any dry object that does not conduct electric current. In this case, the person providing assistance must stand on a dry, non-conductive place, or wear dielectric gloves.
4.4. If a fire occurs in the premises, you should immediately begin to extinguish it using available means (carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, asbestos blankets, sand) and call the fire brigade.
4.5. If extraneous voltage is detected at the workplace, you must immediately stop working.
5. Safety requirements after completion of work
Upon completion of work, computer operators and users are obliged to:
disconnect the equipment from the power supply;
tidy up the workplace.
Annex 1
A set of recommended eye exercises
Starting position for all exercises The spine is straight, the eyes are open, the gaze is directed straight.
Exercise 1
Direct your gaze consistently left-right, right-straight, up-straight, down-straight without delay in the abducted position. Repeat 10 times.
Exercise 2
Shift your gaze diagonally: left-down-straight, right-up-straight, right-down-straight, left-up-straight and gradually increase delays in the abducted position.
Exercise 3
Circular eye movements: up to 10 circles to the left and then to the right. Perform the exercise quickly at first, and then as slowly as possible.
Exercise 4
Changing the focal length: look at the tip of the nose, and then into the distance. Repeat the exercise several times.
Appendix 2
Recommendations for using the monitor
1. The monitor is a fragile device. It must be installed so that it stands securely, but not on the edge of the table.
2. Turn the monitor so that you are looking at the screen at a right angle, and not from the side. It's better that you look at the screen slightly from top to bottom. Make sure that the screen is slightly tilted - its bottom edge should be closer to you.
3. When installing the monitor, you must ensure that there is no glare from the screen.
4. The image adjustments should be set correctly. The image should not be too bright, as this will quickly tire your eyes. This is checked in this way - the black color should be really black, and not whitish.
5. Regularly wipe off dust from the monitor screen with a soft cloth.
6. The kinescope located inside the monitor uses a very high voltage, so it is strictly forbidden to open the monitor cover and touch the parts located under this cover. This should only be done by specially trained specialists.

STANDARD INSTRUCTIONS
on labor protection for operators and users of personal electronic computers (PCs) and workers involved in the operation of PCs and video display terminals (VDTs)

TOI R 01-00-01-96

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. This standard instruction has been developed for workers involved in the operation of PCs and VDTs (hereinafter referred to as operators): PC and VDT operators whose work involves receiving and entering information, observing and adjusting tasks to be solved using ready-made programs; programmers involved in developing, checking, and debugging programs on PCs and VDTs; computer and personal computer engineers and technicians who perform preventive and repair work, determine the causes of failures, and work with diagrams and other technical documentation; users of PCs and VDTs who combine operator work with their main job and are engaged in working with PCs for less than half of their working time.
1.2. The work of a PC operator falls into the category of work associated with dangerous and harmful working conditions. During the work process, the PC operator is exposed to the following dangerous and harmful production factors:

physical:
increased levels of electromagnetic radiation;
increased levels of x-ray radiation;
increased levels of ultraviolet radiation;
increased level of infrared radiation;
increased level of static electricity;
increased levels of dust in the air of the working area;
increased content of positive air ions in the air of the working area;
reduced content of negative air ions in the air of the working area;
low or high air humidity in the working area;
reduced or increased mobility of air in the working area;
increased noise level;
increased or decreased light levels;
increased level of direct gloss;
increased level of reflected gloss;
increased levels of blindness;
uneven distribution of brightness in the field of view;
increased brightness of the light image;
increased level of light flux pulsation;
increased voltage in an electrical circuit, the closure of which can occur through the human body;

chemical:
increased content in the air of the working area of ​​carbon dioxide, ozone, ammonia, phenol, formaldehyde and polychlorinated biphenyls;
psychophysiological:
eyestrain;
tension of attention;
intellectual loads;
emotional stress;
long-term static loads;
monotony of work;
a large amount of information processed per unit of time;
irrational organization of the workplace;

biological:
increased content of microorganisms in the air of the working area.
1.3. The following are allowed to work as an operator, programmer, engineer and technician of a PC, user of a PC and VDT:
persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone mandatory upon hiring and annual medical examinations for suitability to work on a computer, personal computer and VDT in accordance with the requirements of Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 90 and together with the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance of the Russian Federation No. 280/88;
have completed introductory training on labor protection;
have been trained in safe techniques and work methods according to a program approved by the head of the enterprise (employer), developed on the basis of the Model Program, and have passed a knowledge test, including electrical safety with the assignment of the 1st qualification group in electrical safety;
have completed a course in the principles of working with computer technology, special training in working on a personal computer using specific software;
instructions on labor protection at a specific workplace according to these instructions.
1.4. Based on the requirements of clause 10.3. Sanitary rules and regulations “Hygienic requirements for video display terminals, personal electronic computers and organization of work” SanPiN 2.2.2.542-96, approved by Resolution of the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia No. 14 of July 14, 1996 “women from the time of pregnancy and during the period of breastfeeding breasts are not allowed to perform all types of work related to the use of VDTs and PCs."
1.5. The operator's personal protective equipment is: a white cotton robe of a dark color with antistatic impregnation; screen protective filter class "full protection"; special spectral glasses.

2. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS BEFORE STARTING WORK

2.1. Before starting work, the operator must:
wash your face and hands with soap and put on a white cotton robe;
inspect and put the workplace in order;
adjust the lighting in the workplace, make sure there is sufficient illumination, no reflections on the screen, and no oncoming light flow;
check that the equipment is connected correctly to the electrical network;
make sure that there is protective grounding and that the shield conductor is connected to the processor case;
wipe the surface of the screen and protective filter with a special cloth;
make sure that there are no floppy disks in the drives of the personal computer processor;
check the correct installation of the table, chair, footrest, music stand, equipment position, screen angle, keyboard position and, if necessary, adjust the desktop and chair, as well as the arrangement of computer elements in accordance with ergonomic requirements and in order to eliminate awkward postures and prolonged body stress.
2.2. When turning on the computer, the operator must follow the following sequence of turning on the equipment:
turn on the power supply;
turn on peripheral devices (printer, monitor, scanner, etc.);
turn on the system unit (processor).
2.3. The operator is prohibited from starting work when:
the absence of a hygienic certificate on the VDT, including an assessment of visual parameters;
lack of information about the results of certification of working conditions at a given workplace or in the presence of information about the non-compliance of the parameters of this equipment with the requirements of sanitary standards;
absence of a protective screen filter of the “full protection” class;
disconnected grounding conductor of the protective filter;
detection of equipment malfunction;
lack of protective grounding of PC and VDT devices;
lack of a carbon dioxide or powder fire extinguisher and a first aid kit;
violation of hygienic standards for the placement of VDTs (in a single-row arrangement less than 1 m from the walls, when workplaces are arranged in a column at a distance of less than 1.5 m, when placed on an area of ​​less than 6 sq.m per workplace, when displays are placed in rows with screens facing each other friend).

3. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS DURING OPERATION

3.1. During work, the operator is obliged to:
perform only the work for which he has been assigned and for which he has been instructed;
keep the workplace tidy and clean throughout the working day;
keep all device ventilation openings open;
Use an external mouse device only if you have a special mouse pad;
if you need to stop working for a while, correctly close all active tasks;
turn off the power only if the operator, during a break in working on the computer, is forced to be in close proximity to the video terminal (less than 2 meters), otherwise the power may not be turned off;
comply with sanitary standards and observe work and rest schedules;
comply with the rules for operating computer equipment in accordance with the operating instructions;
when working with text information, choose the most physiological mode for presenting black characters on a white background;
observe the regulated breaks in work established by the working hours and perform recommended exercises for the eyes, neck, arms, torso, and legs during physical education breaks and physical education minutes;
Maintain a distance from the eyes to the screen within 60 - 80 cm.
3.2. During operation, the operator is prohibited from: touching the monitor screen and keyboard at the same time; touch the back panel of the system unit (processor) when the power is on; switching connectors of interface cables of peripheral devices when the power is on; clutter the top panels of devices with papers and foreign objects; allow the workplace to be cluttered with paper in order to prevent the accumulation of organic dust; turn off the power while performing an active task; make frequent power switches; prevent moisture from getting on the surface of the system unit (processor), monitor, working surface of the keyboard, disk drives, printers and other devices; turn on very cool equipment (brought from outside in winter); independently open and repair equipment; exceed the number of processed characters over 30 thousand in 4 hours of work.

4. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS IN EMERGENCIES

4.1. The operator is obliged:
in all cases of detection of broken power wires, grounding faults and other damage to electrical equipment, or the appearance of a burning smell, immediately turn off the power and report the emergency to the manager and the electrician on duty;
if you find a person under voltage, immediately release him from the action of the current by turning off the power supply and, until the doctor arrives, provide first aid to the victim;
in any case of malfunction of technical equipment or software, immediately call a representative of the engineering and technical service for the operation of computer equipment;
in the event of pain in the eyes, a sharp deterioration in visibility - the inability to focus or bring it into focus, pain in the fingers and hands, increased heart rate, immediately leave the workplace, report the incident to the work manager and consult a doctor;
If the equipment catches fire, turn off the power and take measures to extinguish the fire using a carbon dioxide or powder fire extinguisher, call the fire brigade and report the incident to the work manager.

5. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS AFTER COMPLETION OF WORK

5.1. Upon completion of work, the operator must follow the following sequence of turning off computer equipment:
close all active tasks;
park the hard disk read head (if automatic head parking is not provided);
make sure there are no floppy disks in the drives;
turn off the power to the system unit (processor);
turn off the power to all peripheral devices;
disconnect the power supply.
5.2. Upon completion of work, the operator must inspect and tidy up the workplace, hang the robe in the closet and wash his hands and face with soap.