All wires and cables have their own markings, from which you can learn a lot about them. Unfortunately, not all electricians know what it means, not to mention people of other professions.

All cables are marked strictly according to GOST. Everything is spelled out there and it is clearly indicated which letter means what. This is GOST R 53769-2010 “Power cables with plastic insulation for a rated voltage of 0.66; 1 and 3 kV." This document covers almost all cables that are used in residential premises, i.e. at your home.

Below are some excerpts from this document that will allow you to immediately understand what kind of cable you are holding in your hands and where it can be used.

We can learn a lot from the cable markings. This is what its insulation is made of, what fire safety category it belongs to, its cross-section, the number of cores and much more. More on everything below in order.

1. All cables are divided according to the material of the current-carrying cores. They can be aluminum or copper:
   • if the cable brand begins with the letter “ A" means that it has aluminum conductors;
   • if there is no letter “A” in the first place, then the cable has copper conductors.
2. Further, all cables are divided according to the type of insulation material of the current-carrying conductors:
   • IN– insulation made of polyvinyl chloride plastic, including reduced fire hazard;
   • Pv– insulation made of cross-linked polyethylene;
   • P– insulation from polymer compositions that do not contain halogens.
3. By availability and type of reservation:
   • G– unarmored;
   • B– armor made of galvanized steel strips;
   • Ba– armor made of aluminum or aluminum alloy tapes;
   • TO– armor made of round galvanized steel wires;
   • Ka– armor made of wires made of aluminum or aluminum alloy.
4. Based on the type of outer sheath or protective hose material:
   • IN– outer shell made of polyvinyl chloride plastic, including reduced flammability or reduced fire safety;
   • Shv– protective hose made of polyvinyl chloride plastic, including reduced flammability or reduced fire safety;
   • Shp– protective hose made of polyethylene;
   • P– outer shell made of polymer compositions that do not contain halogens.
5. According to the presence of the screen. If there is a letter " E", this means a cable with a screen, if there is no such letter, then without a screen.
6. In terms of performance in terms of fire safety indicators:
   • Without designation – flame retardant when installed alone;
   • ng– flame retardant when laid in groups;
   • ng(A F/R)- flame retardant when laid in groups according to category A F/R;
   • ng(A)- flame retardant when laid in groups according to category A;
   • ng(B)- flame retardant when laid in groups according to category B;
   • ng-LS- flame retardant when laid in groups, with reduced smoke and gas emissions;
   • ng-HF- do not spread fire during group installation and do not emit corrosive gaseous products during combustion and smoldering;
   • ng-FRLS– fire-resistant, flame retardant when laid in groups, with reduced smoke and gas emissions;
   • ng-FRHF– fire-resistant, non-flammable when laid in groups and not releasing corrosive gaseous products during combustion and smoldering.
7. According to the cross-sectional shape of the cable:
   • Without designation – round;
   • P – flat.
8. According to the design of current-carrying conductors:
   • o - single-wire;
   • m – multi-wire;
   • k – round;
   • c – sector or segment.

   These letters are added after the numbers indicating the nominal cross-section of the conductors. Then (without a space, in brackets), if there is a neutral conductor in the cables, add the letter “N”, the grounding conductors – “PE”. If the cable structure contains both cores, the letters “N, PE” are entered into the designation.

Also in the cable brand, groups of numbers (through a multiplication sign) are indicated through a space, indicating the number and nominal cross-section of the main conductors. I think everyone knows this.

Let's look at some notations below using specific examples.

1. Example No. 1. Cable AVVGng(A)-LS 3 × 6oc + 1 × 35oc(N). Explanation:

• A - cable with aluminum conductors;
• G - unarmored;
• 3 × 70 - three cores with a nominal cross-section of 70 mm 2;
• 1 × 35oc(N) - with an additional zero single-wire sector-shaped conductor with a nominal cross-section of 35 mm 2;

• The absence of the letter "A" at the beginning means that the wires are copper;
• B - insulation of cores made of polyvinyl chloride plastic, including reduced fire hazard;
• B - outer shell made of polyvinyl chloride plastic, including reduced flammability or reduced fire safety;
• G - unarmored;
• P - flat;
• ng(A)-LS - flame retardant when laid in groups according to category A, with reduced smoke and gas emissions;
• 3 × 2.5 - three cores with a nominal cross-section of 2.5 mm 2;

I think this information is quite enough for you to determine what the cable you are holding in your hand is capable of. True, you will not find many of the symbols presented on wires in regular electrical goods stores, since they represent a group of cables that are not used as regular home wiring. There are also other wires, in the markings of which you can find other letters. We'll talk about them later.

Let's smile:

It has been established that if the phase and zero are reversed, the light bulb begins to produce darkness and cold.

GOST R 53769-2010 translated into the interstate standard GOST 31996-2012.

"Power cables with plastic insulation for rated voltage 0.66; 1 and 3 kV. General technical conditions."

Standard information

1. DEVELOPED Open joint-stock company "All-Russian Research, Design and Technological Institute of the Cable Industry" (JSC "VNIIKP")

2. INTRODUCED Technical Committee for Standardization TC 46 “Cable Products”

3. APPROVED AND PUT INTO EFFECT By Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated February 9, 2010 No. 9-st

4. This standard has been developed taking into account the main regulatory provisions of the international standard IEC 60502-1:2004 “Power cables with extruded insulation and fittings for them for rated voltages from 1 to 30 kV inclusive. Part 1. Cables for rated voltage 1 and 3 kV"

5. This standard uses inventions protected by patents and utility model certificates of the Russian Federation:

• Utility model patent No. 68761 dated 07/03/2007 “Power cable”;
• Utility model patent No. 42349 dated May 20, 2004 “Power cable”;
• Utility model patent No. 40527 dated May 20, 2004 “Power cable”;
• Utility model patent No. 35469 dated September 25, 2003 “Power cable for operation in chemically active and explosive areas.” Patent holder - Open Joint Stock Company "All-Russian Research, Design and Technological Institute of the Cable Industry";
• Certificate for utility model No. 30027 dated January 21, 2003 “Power cable”;
• Certificate for utility model No. 30026 dated January 21, 2003 “Power cable”.Owners - Closed Joint Stock Company "Moskabelmet", Open Joint Stock Company "All-Russian Research, Design and Technological Institute of the Cable Industry";
• Certificate for utility model No. 20407 dated June 14, 2001 “Power cable”. Owner - Open Joint Stock Company "All-Russian Research, Design and Technological Institute of the Cable Industry"

6. INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME Information about changes to this standard is published in the annually published information index “National Standards”, and the text of changes and amendments is published in the monthly published information index “National Standards”. In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, the corresponding notice will be published in the monthly published information index “National Standards”. Relevant information, notices and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet

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Applies to power cables with plastic insulation intended for the transmission and distribution of electrical energy in stationary installations with a rated alternating voltage of 0.66; 1 and 3 kV with a nominal frequency of 50 Hz. The standard establishes the basic requirements for the designs and technical characteristics of cables, their operational properties and control methods.

The date of implementation was postponed from 07/01/2010 to 01/01/2011 by order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated 06/25/2010 No. 117-st (IUS 9-2010)

Canceled, from 01/01/2014 use GOST 31996-2012 (IUS 11-2013)

1 area of ​​use

3 Terms and definitions

4 Classification, main parameters and dimensions

5 Technical requirements

5.1 General requirements

5.2 Characteristics

5.2.6 Reliability requirements

5.2.7 Marking

5.2.8 Packaging

6 Safety requirements

6.1 Safety requirements

7 Acceptance rules

7.1 General requirements

7.3 Acceptance tests

7.4 Periodic tests

7.5 Type tests

8 Control methods

8.1 General requirements

8.2 Design verification

8.3 Checking electrical parameters

8.4 Checking resistance to mechanical stress

8.5 Testing resistance to external influences

8.6 Checking the characteristics of insulation, inner and outer sheaths and protective hose

8.7 Reliability check

8.8 Checking labeling and packaging

8.9 Checking fire safety requirements

9 Transportation and storage

10 Operating instructions

11 Manufacturer's warranty

Bibliography

This GOST is located in:

Organizations:

Power cables with plastic insulation for rated voltages of 0.66; 1 and 3 kV. General specifications

• GOST 1497-84Metals. Tensile test methods
• GOST 15150-69Machines, instruments and other technical products. Versions for different climatic regions. Categories, operating, storage and transportation conditions regarding the impact of environmental climatic factors
• GOST 12.1.044-89System of occupational safety standards. Fire and explosion hazard of substances and materials. Nomenclature of indicators and methods for their determination. Replaced by GOST 12.1.044-2018.
• GOST 14192-96Cargo marking
• GOST 15.309-98System for developing and putting products into production. Testing and acceptance of manufactured products. Basic provisions
• GOST 23286-78Cables, wires and cords. Standards for insulation thicknesses, shells and voltage tests
• GOST 15845-80Cable products. Terms and Definitions
• GOST 427-75Metal measuring rulers. Specifications
• GOST 2990-78Cables, wires and cords. Voltage test methods
• GOST 7229-76current-carrying cores and conductors
• GOST 3345-76Cables, wires and cords. Method for determining electrical resistance isolation
• GOST 12177-79Cables, wires and cords. Design verification methods
• GOST 22483-77Conductive copper and aluminum conductors for cables, wires and cords. Main parameters. Technical requirements . Replaced by GOST 22483-2012.
• GOST 12.2.007.14-75System of occupational safety standards. Cables and cable fittings. Safety requirements
• GOST 16962.1-89Electrical products. Test methods for resistance to climatic external influences
• GOST 18690-82Cables, wires, cords and cable fittings. Labeling, packaging, transportation and storage. Replaced by GOST 18690-2012.
• GOST 20.57.406-81Comprehensive quality control system. Products of electronic technology, quantum electronics and electrical engineering. Test methods
• GOST 27.410-87Reliability in technology. Methods for monitoring reliability indicators and plans for control tests for reliability
• GOST 9.048-89Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Technical products. Laboratory test methods for resistance to mold fungi
• GOST R 51330.13-99Explosion-proof electrical equipment. Part 14. Electrical installations in hazardous areas (except underground workings)
• GOST R IEC 60754-1-99Determination of the amount of halogen acid gases released
• GOST R IEC 60754-2-99Testing of cable construction materials during combustion. Determination of the degree of acidity of emitted gases by measuring pH and specific conductivity
• GOST R IEC 60811-3-1-94Special methods for testing polyvinyl chloride insulation compounds and sheaths of electrical and optical cables. Pressure test at high temperature. Crack resistance test
• GOST R IEC 60331-21-2003Testing of electrical and optical cables under flame conditions. Maintaining performance. Part 21. Testing and requirements for them. Cables for rated voltage up to 0.6/1.0 kV
• GOST R IEC 60811-1-1-98General methods of testing insulation materials and sheaths of electrical and optical cables. Measuring thickness and external dimensions. Methods for determining mechanical properties
• GOST R IEC 60811-3-2-94Special methods for testing polyvinyl chloride insulation compounds and sheaths of electrical cables. Determination of mass loss. Thermal stability test
• GOST R IEC 60332-3-21-20053-21. Flame propagation along vertically arranged bundles of wires or cables. Category A F/R
• GOST R IEC 60332-3-22-2005Testing of electrical and optical cables under flame conditions. Part 3-22. Flame propagation along vertically arranged bundles of wires or cables. Category A
• GOST R IEC 60332-3-23-2005Testing of electrical and optical cables under flame conditions. Part 3-23. Flame propagation along vertically arranged bundles of wires or cables. Category B
• GOST R IEC 61034-2-2005Measurement of smoke density when cables burn under specified conditions. Part 2. Test method and requirements for it
• GOST R IEC 60811-1-2-20061-2. Methods of general application. Heat Aging Methods
• GOST R IEC 60811-2-1-2006General methods of testing insulation materials and sheaths of electrical and optical cables. Part 2-1. Special methods for testing elastomeric compositions. Tests for ozone resistance, heat deformation and oil resistance
• GOST R IEC 60332-1-2-2007Testing of electrical and optical cables under flame conditions. Part 1-2. Fire retardation test of a single vertically located insulated wire or cable. Testing when exposed to the flame of a 1 kW gas burner with preliminary mixing of gases
• GOST R IEC 60332-1-3-2007Testing of electrical and optical cables under flame conditions. Part 1-3. Fire retardation test of a single vertically located insulated wire or cable. Conducting a burning droplet/particle test
• GOST R IEC 60811-1-3-2007General methods of testing insulation materials and sheaths of electrical and optical cables. Part 1-3. Methods of general application. Methods for determining density. Water absorption tests. Shrinkage test
• GOST R IEC 60811-1-4-2008General methods of testing insulation materials and sheaths of electrical and optical cables. Part 1-4. Methods of general application. Low Temperature Test
• GOST R 53315-2009Cable products. Fire safety requirements
• GOST R 53354-2009Cables and their fittings. Impulse voltage tests

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FEDERAL AGENCY FOR TECHNICAL REGULATION AND METROLOGY

NATIONAL

STANDARD

RUSSIAN

FEDERATION

POWER CABLES WITH PLASTIC INSULATION FOR RATED VOLTAGE 0.66; 1 and 3 kV

General technical conditions

Official publication

Standardinform

Preface

The goals and principles of standardization in the Russian Federation are established by Federal Law No. 184-FZ of December 27, 2002 “On Technical Regulation”, and the rules for applying national standards of the Russian Federation are GOST R 1.0-2004 “Standardization in the Russian Federation. Basic provisions"

Standard information

1 DEVELOPED by the Open Joint Stock Company “All-Russian Research, Design and Technological Institute of the Cable Industry” (JSC “VNIIKP”)

2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 46 “Cable Products”

3 APPROVED AND ENTERED INTO EFFECT by Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated February 9, 2010 No. 9-st

4 This standard was developed taking into account the main regulatory provisions of the international standard IEC 60502-1:2004 “Power cables with extruded insulation and fittings for them for rated voltages from 1 to 30 kV inclusive. Part 1. Cables for rated voltage 1 and 3 kV"

5 This standard uses inventions protected by patents and utility model certificates of the Russian Federation:

Utility model patent No. 68762 dated 07/03/2007 “Power cable”;

Utility model patent No. 68761 dated 07/03/2007 “Power cable”;

Utility model patent No. 42349 dated May 20, 2004 “Power cable”;

Utility model patent No. 40527 dated May 20, 2004 “Power cable”;

Utility model patent No. 35469 dated September 25, 2003 “Power cable for operation in chemically active and explosive areas.” Patent holder - Open Joint Stock Company "All-Russian Research, Design and Technological Institute of the Cable Industry";

Certificate for utility model No. 30027 dated January 21, 2003 “Power cable”;

Certificate for utility model No. 30026 dated January 21, 2003 “Power cable”. Owners - Closed Joint Stock Company "Moskabelmet", Open Joint Stock Company "All-Russian Research, Design and Technological Institute of the Cable Industry";

Certificate for utility model No. 20407 dated June 14, 2001 “Power cable”. Owner - Open Joint Stock Company "All-Russian Research, Design and Technological Institute of the Cable Industry"

6 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME

The minimum mass of 1 m of conductive core must be indicated in the technical specifications for cables of specific brands.

The conductors of fire-resistant cables must be copper. A thermal barrier made of mica-containing tapes must be placed over the conductors of fire-resistant cables. The design of the thermal barrier must be specified in the technical specifications for cables of specific brands.

The conductive cores of two-core cables must be round or segmented. The designs of segment cores must be given in the technical specifications for cables of specific brands.

5.2.1.5 Current-carrying conductors of single-core cables of all sections and multi-core cables with conductors with a nominal cross-section of up to 16 mm 2 inclusive must be round in shape. It is allowed to manufacture multi-core cables with conductors with a nominal cross-section of up to 50 mm 2 inclusive of a round shape.

Stranded round conductors with a nominal cross-section of 50 mm 2 or more must be sealed. It is allowed to use multi-wire round compacted conductors with a cross-section of less than 50 mm 2.

5.2.1.6 The tensile strength of aluminum single-wire conductors with a nominal cross-section from 70 to 400 mm 2 inclusive must be not less than 60 and not more than 90 N/mm 2.

5.2.1.7 Multi-core cables must have all cores of equal cross-section. Four-core cables with a nominal cross-section of 25 mm 2 or more may have one conductor of a smaller cross-section (neutral or grounding) in accordance with Table 2. A conductor of a smaller cross-section can be round or sector, single-wire or multi-wire compacted, depending on the class of the main conductors in the cable.

5.2.1.8 Current-carrying conductors must be insulated with one of the following materials: polyvinyl chloride plastic compound, polyvinyl chloride plastic compound of reduced fire hazard, cross-linked polyethylene or a halogen-free polymer composition.

The insulation must be extruded (pressed out), fit tightly against the conductive core and be separated from the conductive core without damaging the core and the insulation itself.

The insulation of fire-resistant cables must be applied over a thermal barrier made of mica tapes.

5.2.1.9 The nominal thickness of the core insulation must correspond to that indicated in Table 3.

The average insulation thickness must be no less than the nominal value. The minimum value of the insulation thickness should not be less than the nominal value by more than (0.1 + 0.18 u), where 5 and is the nominal insulation thickness, in millimeters.

The maximum value of insulation thickness is not standardized.

5.2.1.10 Insulated cable cores must have a distinctive color. The color must be solid or in the form of a longitudinal stripe with a width of at least 1 mm. The color of the insulation of the cores of multi-core cables must correspond to that indicated in Table 4.

By agreement with the customer, a different color combination of the main core insulation is allowed.

The insulation of single-core cables can be of any color from those indicated in Table 4 as agreed with the customer.

The insulation of the neutral core (N) must be blue.

The ground conductor insulation (PE) must be two-color (green-yellow), with one color covering at least 30% and no more than 70% of the insulation surface, and the other color covering the rest.

By agreement with the customer, it is allowed to mark the main insulated cores with numbers, starting with one. Marking with numbers is carried out by printing in accordance with Table 5. In this case, the insulation of the grounding conductor should be green-yellow, the insulation of the neutral conductor should be blue, and they should not be marked with numbers.

The color of printed numbers must be contrasting with the main color of the cores. Markings must be clear and indelible.

5.2.1.11 Insulated cores of multi-core cables must be twisted into a core using right-hand twisting with a twist pitch of no more than 30D CK - for cables with round cores and no more than 50D CK - for cables with sector cores, where D CK is the diameter of the circle described by the twisted cores , in millimeters.

It is allowed to manufacture cables with multidirectional twisting.

To give the cable an almost round shape, the internal and external spaces between the insulated cores must be filled.

The internal gap can be filled with a rope (cordel) made of a non-hygroscopic fibrous or polymeric material or a rope pressed from a polymer composition.

The filling of the outer spaces between the insulated cores must be carried out simultaneously with the application of the inner extruded sheath. In cables with copper conductors, it is allowed to fill the outer gaps with bundles of non-hygroscopic fibrous or polymeric materials with the application of a fastening tape.

Insulated conductors with a nominal cross-section up to 16 mm 2 inclusive can be twisted without filling the internal gap between them. The outer gaps between the insulated cores of unarmored cables with a nominal cross-section up to 16 mm 2 inclusive, except for cables with multidirectional twisting, can be filled simultaneously with the application of the outer sheath, provided that the cable has an almost circular shape. In this case, the internal extruded shell is not applied.

Two- and three-core unarmored cables with insulation made of polyvinyl chloride plastic compounds or cross-linked polyethylene for voltages up to 1 kV inclusive with conductive cores with a cross-section of up to 16 mm 2 inclusive can be flat in shape with insulated cores located parallel in the same plane.

5.2.1.12 The polymer composition for the inner sheath must be compatible with the insulation and outer sheath materials. The tensile strength of the polymer composition must be at least 4 N/mm 2, the relative elongation at break must be at least 50%.

The inner sheath should not be welded to the insulation and, when cutting the cable, should be separated without damaging the insulation.

In unarmored cables with copper conductors, instead of an extruded inner sheath, it is allowed to wind the cable core with a layer of tapes made of a material compatible with the insulation and outer sheath materials, except for cables of the “ng-LS”, “ng-HF” versions, fire-resistant cables and cables with multi-directional twisted cores . The approximate thickness of the layer of polymer tapes on top of the cable core should be at least 0.4 mm at D CK< 40 мм и 0,6 мм - приО ск >40 mm.

The approximate thickness of the extruded inner shell is given in Table 6.

The thickness of the extruded inner shell must be at least 50% of the values ​​specified in Table 6.

5.2.1.13 In cables with a rated voltage of 3 kV, a screen of copper tapes or copper wires must be placed over the inner sheath or tape winding of the core of multi-core cables or over the insulation of single-core cables. In this case, it is allowed to apply a separating layer of tapes compatible with the insulation material over the insulation of single-core cables. The nominal cross-section of the copper screen must be indicated in the technical specifications for cables of specific brands.

The absence of a screen in armored cables with a rated voltage of 3 kV is allowed. In shielded armored cables, a separating layer must be applied over the copper screen by extrusion or winding with polymer tapes. The approximate thickness of the layer of polymer tapes on top of the screen should be at least 0.4 mm at O ​​sk< 40 мм и 0,6 мм - приО ск >40 mm. The approximate thickness of the extruded separating layer should be as shown in Table 6.

In unarmored cables with a rated voltage of 0.66 and 1 kV, it is allowed to apply a metal screen made of copper tapes or copper wires, or in the form of a braid of copper wires over the insulation of single-core cables or over the inner sheath or core winding.

5.2.1.14 On top of the inner sheath or winding with core tapes or on top of the copper screen of unarmored cables, an outer sheath or low-flammability polyvinyl chloride plastic compound must be applied by extrusion, or

polyvinyl chloride plastic compound of reduced fire hazard, or.

The nominal thickness of the outer sheath must correspond to category Obp-2 according to GOST 23286, while the nominal value of the sheath thickness of single-core cables must be at least 1.4 mm, multi-core - at least 1.8 mm.

When establishing the nominal thickness of the outer sheath of flat cables, the diameter under the sheath is taken to be the diameter of the insulated core.

The minimum value of the shell thickness must be no less than the nominal value by a value greater than (0.1 +0.158 0), where 5 0 is the nominal shell thickness, in millimeters.

The maximum thickness of the outer shell is not standardized.

The nominal thickness of the outer sheath or halogen-free polymer composition and fire-resistant cables must be specified in the technical specifications for specific brands of cables.

5.2.1.15 Armor made of two galvanized steel strips or aluminum or aluminum alloy strips, or galvanized steel wires, or aluminum or aluminum alloy wires must be applied over the inner sheath or over the separating layer of armored cables. The type of armor must be specified in the technical specifications for cables of specific brands.

It is allowed to apply polymer tapes over the armor by winding or longitudinally with overlapping. The polymer tapes must be compatible with the material of the protective hose.

Armor strips must be applied in a spiral with a gap so that the top strip covers the gap between the turns of the bottom strip. In this case, the gap between the turns of each tape should not exceed 50% of the tape width.

The nominal thickness of the armor strips must correspond to that indicated in Table 7.

It is allowed to use galvanized steel armor tapes with a nominal thickness of 0.3 mm for armoring cables with a design diameter under armor up to 45 mm inclusive.

In single-core cables, the armor must be applied to a pad previously applied over the insulation. The cushion can be made in the form of an extruded polymer layer with a thickness of at least 1.0 mm or wrapped with polymer tapes, the thickness of which must be at least 0.5 mm.

The use of steel tapes for armoring single-core cables intended for operation in alternating voltage electrical networks is not permitted.

The nominal diameter of round armor wires must be as specified in Table 8.

The deviation of the nominal diameter of round wires should not exceed ± 5% of the values ​​​​given in table 8.

5.2.1.16 A protective hose made of polyvinyl chloride plastic compound or polyvinyl chloride plastic compound of reduced flammability, or polyvinyl chloride plastic compound of reduced fire hazard, or from a halogen-free polymer composition, or from polyethylene, must be extruded over the armor.

The nominal thickness of the protective hose must be as specified in Table 9.

The minimum value of the thickness of the protective hose must be no less than the nominal value by more than (0.1 + 0.155 w), where §^ is the nominal thickness of the protective hose, in millimeters.

The maximum thickness of the protective hose is not standardized.

5.2.1.17 The outer sheath or protective hose of the cable must not have dents, cracks or marks that would reduce the thickness of the sheath or protective hose beyond the minimum value.

5.2.1.18 The protection hose must be sealed.

5.2.1.19 The construction length of the cables is indicated in the technical specifications for cables of specific brands or is set when ordering.

5.2.1.20 The materials used for the manufacture of cables must be specified in the technical specifications for cables of specific brands.

5.2.2 Electrical requirements

5.2.2.1 The electrical resistance of current-carrying conductors, recalculated per 1 km of cable length and temperature 20 °C, must comply with GOST 22483.

The electrical resistance of a conductor with a cross-section of 630 mm 2, recalculated per 1 km of cable length and a temperature of 20 ° C, should not exceed: for a copper conductor - 0.0283 Ohm, for an aluminum conductor - 0.0469 Ohm.

5.2.2.2 Electrical insulation resistance, recalculated for a temperature of 20 °C and 1 km of cable length, must be indicated in the technical specifications for specific brands of cables.

5.2.2.3 The specific volumetric electrical resistance of the insulation at a long-term permissible heating temperature of conductive conductors must be: for insulation made of polyvinyl chloride plastic, from polyvinyl chloride plastic of reduced fire hazard and from polymer compositions that do not contain halogens - at least 1 10 10 Ohm cm, for insulation from cross-linked polyethylene - at least 1 10 12 ohm cm.

The constant of electrical insulation resistance K t at a long-term permissible heating temperature of current-carrying conductors must be: for insulation made of polyvinyl chloride plastic, from polyvinyl chloride plastic of reduced fire hazard and from polymer compositions that do not contain halogens - at least 0.037 MOhm km, for insulation from cross-linked polyethylene - not less than 3.67 MOhm km.

5.2.2.4 Insulated cable cores and outer shells of shielded cables must withstand alternating voltage of category EI-2 in accordance with GOST 23286.

5.2.2.5 Cables must withstand for 10 minutes exposure to alternating voltage with a frequency of 50 Hz in accordance with Table 10 or direct voltage, the value of which should be in

2.4 times the AC voltage value shown in Table 10.

5.2.2.6 Cables with a rated voltage of 1 and 3 kV must withstand exposure to alternating voltage 41/0 with a frequency of 50 Hz for 4 hours.

5.2.2.7 Cables with a rated voltage of 3 kV must withstand a pulse voltage of 40 kV.

5.2.3 Requirements for resistance to mechanical stress

Cables must be resistant to stranding.

5.2.4 Requirements for resistance to external influences

5.2.4.1 Cables must be resistant to elevated ambient temperatures up to 50 °C.

5.2.4.2 Cables must be resistant to low ambient temperatures down to minus 50 °C, cables with a protective polyethylene hose - down to minus 60 °C.

5.2.4.3 Cables must be resistant to high relative air humidity up to 98% at ambient temperatures up to 35 °C.

5.2.4.4 Tropical cables must be resistant to mold. The degree of biological fouling by fungi should not exceed two points according to GOST 9.048.

5.2.5 Requirements for the performance of insulation, outer sheath and protective hose

5.2.5.1 Insulation characteristics must correspond to those specified in Table 11.

* Deviation - the difference between the average value obtained after aging and the average value,

obtained before aging, expressed as a percentage of the latter.

5.2.5.2 The characteristics of the outer sheath and protective hose must correspond to those specified in Table 12.

5.2.5.3 The insulation, sheath and protective hose of cables made of polyvinyl chloride plastic compounds must be resistant to cracking at elevated temperatures.

5.2.5.4 Cables must be resistant to aging when exposed to temperatures exceeding the long-term permissible core heating temperature by (10 + 2) °C.

5.2.6 Reliability requirements

The service life of cables must be specified in the technical specifications for cables of specific brands and must be selected from the range: 25, 30, 35.40 years.

5.2.7 Marking

5.2.7.1 Cable marking must comply with the requirements of GOST 18690

5.2.7.2 Cables must be marked in the form of an inscription printed on the surface of the outer sheath or protective hose.

The inscription must contain: cable brand, name of the manufacturer, year of manufacture of the cable.

It is allowed to indicate additional information in the content of the marking, for example, the number and cross-section of cores, rated voltage, length, code designation of the manufacturer.

5.2.7.3 Marking in the form of an inscription can be printed or in relief and must be applied at regular intervals. The distance between the end of one inscription and the beginning of the next should not exceed 1000 mm.

The color of the printed numbers (letters) must be contrasting with the color of the outer sheath or protective hose.

Printed markings must be clear and durable.

5.2.7.4 On the drum cheek or on a label attached to the drum or coil, the following must be indicated:

Trademark or name of the manufacturer;

Cable symbol;

Designation of technical specifications for cables of specific brands;

Date of manufacture (month and year);

Gross cable weight in kilograms (when delivered on drums);

Cable length in meters and number of sections;

Drum serial number;

Compliance mark.

The label must bear the technical control mark.

When supplying cables to countries with a tropical climate, the shipping container must be marked with the “Tropical Packaging” sign in accordance with GOST 14192.

5.2.8 Packaging

5.2.8.1 Cable packaging must comply with GOST 18690 with the additions set out in this standard.

5.2.8.2 Cables must be wound on drums. It is allowed to wind cables with conductors with a nominal cross-section up to 16 mm 2 inclusive into coils.

The weight of the coil should not exceed 50 kg.

The diameter of the drum neck must be no less than the diameters of the cylinders specified in 8.4. It is allowed for single-core cables to have a drum neck diameter of at least 18 (D H + d), if this is specified in the technical specifications for specific brands of cables (where D H is the actual outer diameter of the cable, mm; d is the actual diameter of the round conductive core or the diameter of the round conductor, having the same cross-sectional area as the sector core, mm). The internal diameter of the coil must be at least 15 D H.

The length of the lower end of the cable brought out to the cheek of the testing drum must be at least 0.1 m.

5.2.8.3 The cable drum must be fully or partially covered or wrapped in mats.

For road shipments, by agreement with the customer, it is allowed not to cover or wrap the drums.

5.2.8.4 The label and accompanying documentation must be placed in a waterproof package and attached to the drum cheek or to the coil.

6 Safety requirements

6.1 Safety requirements

Cables must comply with safety requirements in accordance with GOST 12.2.007.14.

6.2 Electrical safety requirements

Electrical safety of cables is ensured by meeting the requirements of 5.2.1.1-5.2.1.18; 5.2.1.20, 5.2.2.1-5.2.2.7; 5.2.4.

6.3 Fire safety requirements

6.3.1 Cables with an outer sheath or a protective hose made of polyvinyl chloride plastic should not propagate fire when laid alone.

6.3.2 Cables of versions “ng”, “ng-LS”, “ng-HF”, “ng-FRLS”, “ng-FRHF” should not spread fire when laid in groups. The test category (A F/R, A or B) is established in the technical specifications for cables of specific brands.

6.3.3 Cables of the “ng-HF”, “ng-FRHF”, “ng-LS” and “ng-FRLS” versions must have low smoke and gas emissions during combustion and smoldering.

6.3.4 The values ​​of the corrosion activity of smoke and gas emission products during combustion and smoldering of insulation materials, sheath and protective hose of cables must correspond to those indicated in Table 13.

GOST R 53769-2010

Information about changes to this standard is published in the annually published information index “National Standards”, and the text of changes and amendments is published in the monthly published information index “National Standards”. In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, the corresponding notice will be published in the monthly published information index “National Standards”. Relevant information, notices and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet

© Standardinform, 2010

This standard cannot be fully or partially reproduced, replicated or distributed as an official publication without permission from the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology

5.2 Characteristics

5.2.1 Design requirements

5.2.1.1 The designs and structural dimensions of cables must be specified in the technical specifications for cables of specific brands.

5.2.1.2 For each cable brand, the following design dimensions must be indicated:

Number and nominal cross-section of main, grounding and/or neutral conductors, mm 2;

Estimated maximum and minimum outer diameters of the cable (reference material), mm;

Estimated weight of 1 km of cable (reference material), kg;

Nominal cross-section of copper screen, mm 2.

It is allowed to indicate other design dimensions in the technical specifications for cables of specific brands.

5.2.1.3 The conductive conductors of the cables must comply with class 1 or 2 GOST 22483.

Current-carrying conductors must be single- or multi-wire nominal cross-sections in

according to table 1.

Designation of technical specifications for cables of specific brands.

Friends, you probably noticed that after marking the cable cross-section there is an alphabetic abbreviation coolant or MN, OK or OS, and for cables with large sections MS. So, according to GOST R 53769-2010 (Power cables with plastic insulation for rated voltage 0.66, 1 and 3 kV. General technical conditions), when marking cable products, after indicating the number of cores and their cross-section, it is necessary to add an additional letter abbreviation, which determines the design of the cores of this cable.

Designation coolant means single-core design or, as they say, monocore, but MN or, less commonly used, MJ multi-core conductor design.

Abbreviation OK is used to designate a single-wire round conductor, and the abbreviation MK when designating multi-wire round, OS to designate a single-wire sector core, and MS for multi-wire sector core.

A little more detail, execution coolant implies that the conductor, i.e. the cable core, consists of only one current-carrying core, and the design MN speaks of the use as a conductor of several cores twisted together in a certain order under a single insulation.

So why do they use multi-core wires? But because they have increased electrical conductivity at a low heating value of the conductor, due to the property of surface conductivity. But, as with everything, the other side of the coin is the higher cost of wires and cables with conductors made MN relative to the cost of wires and cables in the design coolant, and there are also a number of restrictions on the use of cables with stranded conductors in high-frequency electrical circuits.

Another feature of GOST R 53769-2010 is that the letter designation that determines the design of the cable may also contain the following values (N) or (N,PE). At the same time, the value (N) in the marking of a cable product indicates that the cable design necessarily contains a neutral core with blue insulation, and the presence of symbols (N,PE) means that the cable must contain, along with the neutral conductor, a grounding conductor with yellow-green insulation.

Any of the above letter abbreviations also contains a digital value -0.38 / -0.66 / -1 / -6 / -10 / -20 / -35, which determines the rated operating voltage for a given cable and wire product.

That's how simple it all turns out!)

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A cable is a complex electrical product that has a large number of elements (conducting cores, insulation, sheath, screens, fillers, protective covers, etc.). Let's consider their purpose.

Conductors

Conductors are the main structural element of a power cable, designed for the passage of electric current. Cables have main and auxiliary conductors. To the main ones, i.e. intended to perform the main function of the cable product include phase conductors and neutral conductors, auxiliary conductors include grounding conductors.

Phase conductors are used to transmit electrical energy from a source to an electrical receiver.

Neutral conductors - designed for connection to the neutral of the source and passing the difference in phase currents with an uneven load across the phases. The neutral conductors perform the function of the neutral working conductor (N).

Grounding conductors - designed to connect metal parts of the electrical device to which the cable is connected, which are not under operating voltage, with a protective grounding circuit in order to increase the level of electrical safety. The grounding conductors perform the function of the neutral protective conductor (PE).

Neutral and grounding conductors can be made with a smaller cross-section than phase conductors.

Table - Nominal cross-sections of cores of multi-core cables with plastic insulation (GOST 31996-2012).

The conductive cores of power cables are usually made of aluminum or copper, single-wire or multi-wire, in accordance with GOST 22483-2012. According to the cross-sectional shape, the cores are made round or shaped (usually sector or segment, but also rectangular).

Drawing. Cross-section of cable cores: a – round section; b – segmental section; c – sector section.

For cables with paper (GOST 18410-73) and plastic (GOST 31996-2012, GOST 16442-80) insulation, the round shape of the cores is used for single-core cables of all sections, for multi-core cables with a cross-section up to 16 mm 2 inclusive, as well as for multi-core cables of all sections sections having separate shells. Conducting cores of multi-core cables with belt paper or plastic insulation with a cross-section of 25 mm 2 and more are manufactured in sector or segment shapes.

Cables with rubber insulation are manufactured only with round cores (GOST 433-73).

Table - Scope of application of various forms of current-carrying cores of power cables up to 1 kV

Many important characteristics of the cable depend on the material and design of the cable cores. Copper conductors of the cable have lower electrical resistance than aluminum ones, therefore, power losses in such cables (with the same cross-section and current value) will be lower, and the current carrying capacity will be higher (with the same cross-section). In addition, copper conductors have better mechanical properties compared to aluminum, and the same can be said about stranded conductors in comparison with single-wire conductors. Such conductors (copper and stranded) better withstand bending and tensile forces acting on the cable during operation. However, a cable with copper conductors is more expensive and weighs more than a cable with aluminum conductors.

Table - Comparison of characteristics of power cables with copper and aluminum conductors*

* - cable characteristics are taken from the catalog of JSC Yuzhkabel Plant;

** - prices are indicated approximately according to Internet sources in 2016.