Labor protection in agriculture instructions. Instructions and training on labor protection in agriculture

Agriculture is the most important sector that determines the standard of living of the population, its well-being, and the food security of the country. In agriculture, manufactured products are involved in many sectors of the national economy, providing additional employment for the country. It is important to note the specific features of this industry, which determine the economic, organizational and legal relations in the production of agricultural products:

1) in agriculture, along with economic laws, there are biological ones, which do not depend on humans and leave a noticeable imprint on the legal regulation of the industry;

2) the main means of production here is land, which is spatially limited, irreplaceable, and has the ability, when used correctly, to increase fertility;

3) in agriculture, means of production such as living organisms and plants are used;

4) agricultural production is distributed over a large territory, which varies in natural and climatic conditions;

5) in agriculture, production processes and the final results of labor do not coincide;

6) the created product is most often intermediate and participates again in agriculture in processed industries;

7) employment in agriculture is seasonal.

These features have a significant impact on the legal regulation of labor relations, on the preparation and application of rules for labor safety in agriculture and the protection of the rights of workers in this industry.

1.2. Working conditions in agriculture

Working conditions are the external environment, the production environment and the structural and operational characteristics of the equipment used, which affect a person, his productivity and the quality of his work.

Creating optimal working conditions and monitoring their compliance is important in agricultural production. This makes it possible to maintain the high performance of workers for as long as possible, based on concern for the psychophysiological health of a person. This also contributes to a noticeable increase in labor productivity at an agricultural enterprise, which affects the economic efficiency of all agricultural production.

The following services monitor compliance with normal working conditions: State Labor Inspectorate, Sanitary Inspectorate, Technical Inspectorate.

The State Labor Inspectorate monitors compliance by the employer and employees with labor legislation, carries out certification of workplaces, and resolves conflicts that arise between the employer and employees.

The sanitary labor inspection monitors compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards at the enterprise.

The Technical Labor Inspectorate takes care of compliance with safety regulations, which is extremely important in agricultural work when workers come into contact with various mechanisms, machines, chemicals, and animals.

Working conditions can be divided into psychophysiological, sanitary and hygienic and aesthetic.

Psychophysiological working conditions depend on the severity of work. According to the severity of work in agricultural production, they are divided into light, medium, heavy and very heavy.

In the production of agricultural products, many works are performed manually, which leaves an imprint on the nature of the work. Some restrictions in areas of employment are not always observed, especially for women. Often, many works are performed at a fast pace, due to the seasonality of production and the influence of biological factors.

Psychophysiological working conditions depend on neuropsychic stress, which in turn is determined by the complexity of the work, responsibility for its results, the machines and mechanisms used, awareness and the degree of control and organization of the production process.

External factors of working conditions, such as man-made, natural-climatic and others, determine sanitary and hygienic conditions. These include: illumination (natural, artificial, mixed light, general, local and other illumination of the workplace), relative air humidity (over 90% is unacceptable), air temperature, air movement (no more than cm/min.), gas contamination, dust content , noise, vibration, radioactive radiation, etc.

For agriculture, the construction of buildings and production facilities must be carried out taking into account building codes and regulations. It is also necessary to carry out a set of preventive measures; workers should be provided with the necessary personal protective equipment and first aid kits. For performing agricultural work under hazardous conditions, for breaking the working day, or increasing shift time during busy periods, workers receive additional payments and are given additional days off.

Aesthetic working conditions include the color design of the workplace, its landscaping, architectural solutions, cleanliness, the use of music, as well as cultural and community services. At agricultural enterprises, it is advisable to organize food for workers, medical care, washing conditions (for example, showers), etc.

The employer is obliged to finance measures to improve working conditions at his enterprise.

In general, we can say that the employer is obliged to provide his employees with all the necessary conditions for safe work, and the employee is obliged to comply with them, namely: comply with safety rules, comply with the requirements of the enterprise management, which do not contradict labor legislation.

The topic “Occupational Safety” includes such necessary concepts as “harmful production factor” and “hazardous production factor”. The definitions of these concepts are contained in Art. 209 Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

A harmful production factor is a production factor, the impact of which on a worker can lead to illness.

A hazardous production factor is a production factor, the impact of which on a worker can lead to injury.

It is considered that working conditions are safe for workers if their exposure to workers is at a level not exceeding established standards. To prevent or reduce the impact of harmful and dangerous production factors on workers, personal and collective protective equipment must be used.

In Russia, there is a state policy on labor protection, aimed primarily at the adoption of various laws and programs to ensure labor protection for workers; to exercise control and supervision over compliance with labor protection legislation; to disseminate labor experience on labor protection issues; to protect workers' rights, etc.

In order to ensure that workers comply with their rights in the field of labor protection to the maximum extent possible, and to ensure compliance with all safety standards and regulations on the farm, an occupational safety service is organized. According to Art. 217 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, this service must necessarily take place in an enterprise with more than 50 employees. Sometimes, instead of serving on a farm, the position of a labor protection specialist (usually an engineer) is introduced, who must have knowledge and skills in the field of labor protection, i.e., have the appropriate education, as well as work experience in this field. If it is not profitable for an enterprise to organize a labor protection service, then it must enter into a civil contract with specialists or organizations that work in this area and provide labor protection services.

Organizations providing services in the field of labor protection are subject to mandatory accreditation. The list of services for which accreditation is required, and the rules of accreditation are established by the federal executive body that carries out the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of labor (Article 217 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

If the number of employees at an agricultural enterprise is less than 50 people, then the decision to hire a labor protection specialist remains at the discretion of the employer. The employer must take into account all external and internal factors affecting the production process, the health and life of its employees, the possibility of accidents, etc.

The enterprise may also create labor protection commissions. The initiative to create such a commission can come from both the employer and the employees or their representative body. The commission includes representatives of the employer and employees on an equal basis. The commission must carefully monitor compliance with labor protection requirements and prevent the occurrence of injuries at work and occupational diseases.

The Occupational Safety and Health Commission must organize inspections at the enterprise, taking into account how the rules and regulations on labor protection are observed in the workplace and in the enterprise as a whole. The commission must inform employees about the results of such checks.

1.4. Rights and responsibilities of workers in agriculture

In accordance with the labor legislation of the Russian Federation, issues related to the protection of working conditions for workers employed in agriculture are within the competence of the employer or group of employers, if there are several of them at the enterprise. It is especially important to emphasize the rights and obligations of the employer and employees in matters of labor protection.

According to Art. 22 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the employer is obliged to:

1) comply with labor legislation and other regulatory legal acts containing labor law norms, local regulations, terms of the collective agreement, agreements and employment contracts;

2) provide employees with work stipulated by the employment contract;

3) ensure safety and working conditions that comply with state regulatory requirements for labor protection;

4) provide employees with equipment, tools, technical documentation and other means necessary for the performance of their labor duties;

5) provide employees with equal pay for work of equal value;

6) pay the full amount of wages due to employees within the time limits established in accordance with the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, collective agreement, internal labor regulations, and employment contracts;

7) conduct collective negotiations, as well as conclude a collective agreement in the manner established by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation;

8) provide employee representatives with complete and reliable information necessary for concluding a collective agreement, agreement and monitoring their implementation;

9) familiarize employees, against signature, with the adopted local regulations directly related to their work activities;

10) promptly comply with the instructions of the federal executive body authorized to carry out state supervision and control over compliance with labor legislation and other regulatory legal acts containing labor law norms, other federal executive bodies exercising control and supervision functions in the established field of activity, pay fines imposed for violations of labor legislation and other regulatory legal acts containing labor law norms;

11) consider submissions from the relevant trade union bodies and other representatives elected by employees about identified violations of labor legislation and other acts containing labor law norms, take measures to eliminate the identified violations and report on the measures taken to the specified bodies and representatives;

12) create conditions that ensure the participation of employees in the management of the organization in the forms provided for by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, other federal laws and the collective agreement;

13) provide for the everyday needs of employees related to the performance of their labor duties;

14) carry out compulsory social insurance of employees in the manner established by federal laws;

15) compensate for harm caused to employees in connection with the performance of their labor duties, as well as compensate for moral damage in the manner and on the terms established by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation;

16) fulfill other duties provided for by labor legislation and other regulatory legal acts containing labor law norms, collective agreements, agreements, local regulations and employment contracts.

Along with the responsibilities of the employer, there are also the responsibilities of the employee:

1) conscientiously fulfill his labor duties assigned to him by the employment contract;

2) comply with internal labor regulations;

3) observe labor discipline;

4) comply with established labor standards;

5) comply with labor protection and occupational safety requirements;

6) take care of the property of the employer (including the property of third parties located at the employer, if the employer is responsible for the safety of this property) and other employees;

7) immediately inform the employer or immediate supervisor about the occurrence of a situation that poses a threat to the life and health of people, the safety of the employer’s property (including the property of third parties located at the employer, if the employer is responsible for the safety of this property) (Article 21 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation) . In addition to the duties, the parties to the employment contract have the rights enshrined in Art. 21 and 22 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

Workers engaged in the production of agricultural products have the right to:

1) conclusion, amendment and termination of an employment contract in the manner and under the conditions established by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and other federal laws;

2) providing them with work stipulated by the employment contract;

3) a workplace that meets state regulatory requirements for labor protection and the conditions provided for by the collective agreement;

4) timely and full payment of wages in accordance with their qualifications, complexity of work, quantity and quality of work performed;

5) rest, ensured by the establishment of normal working hours, reduced working hours for certain professions and categories of workers, the provision of weekly days off, non-working holidays, paid annual leave;

6) complete reliable information about working conditions and labor protection requirements in the workplace;

7) professional training, retraining and advanced training in the manner established by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and other federal laws;

8) association, including the right to create trade unions and join them to protect their labor rights, freedoms and legitimate interests;

9) participation in the management of the organization in the forms provided for by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, other federal laws and the collective agreement;

10) conducting collective negotiations and concluding collective agreements and agreements through their representatives, as well as information on the implementation of the collective agreement and agreements;

11) protection of their labor rights, freedoms and legitimate interests by all means not prohibited by law;

12) resolution of individual and collective labor disputes, including the right to strike, in the manner established by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and other federal laws;

13) compensation for damage caused to him in connection with the performance of labor duties, and compensation for moral damage in the manner established by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and other federal laws;

14) compulsory social insurance in cases provided for by federal laws.

The employer has the right:

1) conclude, amend and terminate employment contracts with employees in the manner and on the terms established by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and other federal laws;

2) conduct collective negotiations and conclude collective agreements;

3) encourage employees for conscientious, effective work;

4) require employees to perform their job duties and take care of the employer’s property (including the property of third parties owned by the employer, if the employer is responsible for the safety of this property) and other employees, and to comply with internal labor regulations;

5) bring employees to disciplinary and financial liability in the manner established by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and other federal laws;

6) adopt local regulations (with the exception of employers - individuals who are not individual entrepreneurs);

7) create associations of employers for the purpose of representing and protecting their interests and join them.

From this we can conclude that any employee has the right to work that meets all safety and hygiene requirements, and the employee’s working conditions must comply with all norms and rules. If working conditions do not meet the specified requirements and the employee is forced not to work at his place (if this situation did not arise through the fault of the employee), then he retains this position and the average salary.

An employee has the right to refuse work if this poses a threat to his life. In this case, the employer is obliged to transfer him to another job with normal working conditions. If such a transfer is considered impossible, then the employee is paid a guaranteed payment in accordance with the Labor Code of the Russian Federation for the downtime. Also, if the employer does not comply with the labor safety requirements established by law, the employee has the right to refuse to perform his job functions and the right to payment for forced downtime. This decision of the employee does not entail disciplinary liability.

These provisions are regulated by both labor legislation and internal documents of the enterprise, namely: the charter, various regulations, job descriptions, internal labor regulations, acts of testing agricultural machinery, acts of tasting, acts of accidents, write-off of damaged objects, etc. The main legal document regulating this area is the employment contract. Labor relations arise on the basis of an agreement between the employee and the employer on the personal performance by the employee for payment of a labor function (work in a certain qualification, specialty or position), the employee’s subordination to internal labor regulations while the employer provides working conditions provided for by labor legislation, collective agreements, agreements and employment contract.

1.5. Occupational safety and health for women, teenagers and other workers

It is known that the norms of carrying weight for women are comparatively lower than for men. This circumstance is enshrined and protected by labor legislation. For women working in agricultural production, the working day (shift) should not exceed 6 hours, the maximum weekly working time should not exceed 36 hours.

It is prohibited to use women's labor to lift and carry heavy objects that do not meet the standards. Women's work in harmful and dangerous jobs should be limited. In agricultural production, pregnant women should also have reduced standards for animal care and production standards; if this is impossible for any objective reasons, then the pregnant woman should be transferred to easier work. Moreover, average earnings should remain the same. The employer must carry out these activities at his own expense.

Women, upon their application and on the basis of a certificate of incapacity for work issued in accordance with the established procedure, are granted maternity leave of 70 (in the case of multiple pregnancies - 84) calendar days before childbirth and 70 (in the case of complicated childbirth - 86, for the birth of two or more children - 110) calendar days after childbirth with payment of state social insurance benefits in the amount established by federal laws (Article 255 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

After giving birth, a woman has the right to take up to three years of leave to care for a child, and she retains not only her place of work during this entire time, but also her position. If a woman refuses maternity leave, then she has the right, along with general breaks, to take additional breaks to feed the child for more than half an hour each. These breaks are included in the total working time.

The employer is obliged to comply with these measures in order to preserve and maintain the reproductive health of women.

In the production of agricultural products, it is prohibited to use women as drivers of tractor units and truck drivers. It is also prohibited to use the labor of women under 35 years of age in hazardous industries, such as working with toxic chemicals, pesticides, disinfectants in both crop production and livestock farming, poultry farming and other branches of agriculture. This is primarily due to the characteristics of women’s reproductive age, which is negatively affected by any contact with hazardous chemicals. The maximum possible weight of load that a woman is allowed to lift is 10 kg, with the condition that heavy lifting alternates with other work activities. In the absence of such alternation (namely, with constant lifting and carrying heavy objects), a woman is allowed to lift only up to 7 kg. The use of female labor at night is also not permitted.

Agricultural production is often hazardous to humans. Therefore, only those workers who have reached the age of 18 can be used here. It is allowed to use the labor of teenagers who have reached 16 years of age if they have undergone appropriate vocational training, have been instructed on all issues of occupational safety and health, and have undergone a medical examination.

In accordance with Art. 266 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, persons under the age of 18 are hired only after a preliminary compulsory medical examination (examination) and subsequently, until they reach the age of 18, are subject to a mandatory medical examination (examination) annually.

It is prohibited to use the labor of teenagers under 18 years of age in hazardous and hazardous industries, as well as at night and overtime. Such workers are remunerated depending on the time they work or the volume of work performed, but taking into account the reduced working week for them and (or) production standards.

In modern conditions, labor protection for young workers is of particular importance in order to prevent the influence of negative factors of agricultural production on a growing organism. For teenage boys from the age of 16, the maximum possible weight of cargo allowed to lift and carry during the production process is 10 kg.

Permission to work on machine and tractor units is issued only from the age of 17.

In agriculture, due to its characteristics, the labor of temporary and seasonal workers is used during busy periods (spring field work, harvesting work).

The working conditions and level of safety of such workers must also comply with the standards and regulations on occupational safety and health.

A temporary employment contract is concluded for a period of up to 2 months to perform temporary work. The labor of seasonal workers is used in accordance with their qualifications only in a certain season, which is determined by natural factors. That is, the characteristics of an employee’s performance of labor functions consist primarily of the seasonal nature of production, and the work itself has clear signs of being seasonal. Only in this case can an employment contract be concluded for the duration of the season. There is a List of seasonal work, approved by Decree of the People's Commissariat of Labor of the USSR dated January 1, 2001 N 185 (as amended and supplemented on June 6, 1960, December 28, 1988).

Seasonal work includes: many fishing and hunting works and related work on processing fish and other products of sea and river fishing and hunting; work on fermenting and pouring fruits and vegetables; work in potato harvesting production; work on storing eggs, feathers and down in warehouses; work in poultry feeding establishments, etc. Directly in agriculture, seasonal work is the entire production process. Particularly stressful seasonal work is considered to be spring field work and work on harvesting agricultural crops. A seasonal contract can be concluded for a period of no more than 6 months. Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated 01/01/01 N 310-IX “On the working conditions of workers and employees engaged in seasonal work” (as amended on 01/01/01) provided that the length of service for these workers is considered continuous in If they have worked a full season, they will enter into an employment contract again for the next season and return to work at the appointed time. Moreover, the time of the off-season break is not included in the continuous work experience.

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Faculty of Management

Department of Humanitarian and Social Disciplines

discipline: Life safety

on the topic: Agricultural safety

Completed by: 1st year student

Zagorodneva E.V.

Checked by: Razumova E.R.

Moscow 2015

Introduction

Conclusion

Introduction

Agriculture is the most important sector that determines the standard of living of the population, its well-being, and the food security of the country. Today, the most important task of agricultural development is to create such working conditions that would contribute to the maximum efficiency and effectiveness of the work of rural workers. In this sense, the problem of ensuring the safety of agricultural work becomes particularly important. Without compliance with safety rules, the risk of threat to the life and health of agricultural workers increases. At the same time, it is important to take into account external factors of working conditions, such as man-made, natural-climatic and others, knowledge and skills in handling agricultural machinery, and compliance with labor protection from biological risks. In this case, safety instructions, understanding and understanding of the leading aspects of work activity become important. The study of these issues is vital and is of particular relevance today and requires constant study and improvement. The purpose of the work is to consider the safety features of agricultural work. Job objectives:

1. Consider safety requirements for the operation of agricultural machinery,

2. Analyze the basics of environmental safety in agriculture,

3. Identify the features of creating optimal working conditions in agricultural production.

The work consists of an introduction, three parts, and a conclusion, in which the problem under consideration is analyzed.

1. Safety requirements for the operation of agricultural machinery

safety technology environmental work

When operating agricultural machinery, it is important to remember and know the safety rules. Knowledge and mandatory compliance with safety rules and instructions are the most important condition for preventing accidents. It is important to remember that the slightest violation of safety regulations or correct work practices can lead to an accident.

Persons who have been trained as a general-purpose tractor driver, who have passed a safety exam and received the appropriate certificate are allowed to work on machine and tractor units. Before starting work, you must make sure that the equipment is in good working order, the necessary tools and devices are present, there is a first aid kit, there are no leaks of fuel, oil or water, the brake system is in working order, transmission guards and protective devices are in working order.

Before starting installation work, you should pay attention to the condition of the grounding, the serviceability of lifting mechanisms, slinging devices and rigging devices.

Technical inspection and repair of technical equipment are entitled to persons who have undergone special training and acquired knowledge in their specialty: fitter, tractor operator, driver.

To begin maintenance, safety instructions are required.

Persons under 18 years of age, pregnant and lactating women are not allowed to work with leaded gasoline, epoxy resins, vulcanization, gas-electric welding, pneumatic and power tools, lifting mechanisms, and paint and varnish materials.

The tractor driver or driver is allowed to install the tractor on the inspection ditch at low engine crankshaft speeds and in low gear - under the guidance of an experienced worker.

Maintenance of agricultural machinery is carried out only with the engine not running, with the exception of operations that require its operation. In this case, the exhaust pipe must be connected to the exhaust means available in the repair center. In the absence of exhaust means, the necessary measures should be taken to remove exhaust gases from the room (turn on ventilation, open windows, doors).

When pumping air into the wheel chambers of a tractor or combine, the pressure must not be allowed to exceed the specified value. This could cause the camera to rupture and injure the worker. When pumping air into a removed wheel, it is necessary to use a safety grille.

Before disassembling the wheels, air should be released from the chambers. Disassembling the wheel with excess air pressure in the chamber is not allowed.

When refueling a tractor or combine with fuel and oil, do not allow fuel or oil to spill or contaminate the surrounding area.

After completing the maintenance, it is necessary to remove the tool and make sure that there are no people in the inspection ditch; only then can you start the engine of the tractor or other technical equipment.

The material used for wiping should be collected in an iron box with a lid. At the end of the work, it is burned in a specially designated place in compliance with fire safety measures.

When servicing units with trailed and mounted machines, it is necessary to disconnect the machines from the tractor or lower the frame and working parts on special supports.

During maintenance, the machine being serviced should be washed and cleaned in specially designated areas.

During the washing process, the set pressure on the washing unit must not be exceeded.

If the casing of the control panel of the washing unit accidentally becomes energized, immediately disconnect it from the power supply and call an electrician.

Jacks should be used to lift the tractor and its individual parts. Stands are installed under the raised parts of the machine.

When servicing the air purifier, be careful not to injure your hands or eyes.

When servicing the power system, do not allow fuel to spill when pumping the power system.

When servicing electrical equipment, an acid battery should be cleaned with a cleaning material moistened with a 5-10% solution of baking soda, and an alkaline battery with a 5-10% solution of boric acid, while working with rubber gloves.

When tightening the external mounts of the tractor, you should use stable and reliable stands and proper tools.

While in the inspection ditch when tightening the fasteners in the lower part of the tractor, maintenance personnel should wear safety glasses.

When replacing oil in a diesel crankcase, you should carefully drain it into special containers, while working with gloves. Spent chemicals should be disposed of in special containers.

When draining hot water from the diesel cooling system, be careful not to burn your face and hands. When opening the radiator filler cap, wear gloves and be on the windward side.

The tractor should only be refueled in a closed manner. The amount of fuel in the tank is determined using an aluminum or copper-plated measuring ruler. Do not use open flames for lighting.

It is important to note that persons who violate the requirements of labor protection instructions may be subject to disciplinary action.

2. Environmental safety in agriculture

The environmental aspect of safety in agriculture is extremely important. When producing agricultural products, working conditions are often unfavorable for the normal functioning of the human body. These include heavy dust when performing mechanized work in the field, long working hours, the danger of contracting infections and viral diseases from animals, various allergic reactions are widespread today, as well as poisoning from contact with biological substances.

If there is a danger of human infection from animals, the management of the enterprise must organize vaccination of its employees. It is also necessary to provide people with special clothing and other necessary protective equipment.

Livestock farms must be equipped in accordance with sanitary and hygienic norms and standards. In agricultural production conditions, constantly maintain cleanliness and order.

Livestock farms must be built on sites that are located high above the groundwater level. This prevents not only flooding of the farm, but also contamination of groundwater. It is imperative to take into account the normal state of the area regarding soil infections. In order to preserve the veterinary well-being of farms, it is prohibited to locate them in places where poultry farms, farms raising rabbits, cattle burial grounds, manure storage facilities, etc. were previously located. Farm areas must be protected by various structures from residential areas. When locating livestock farms, it should also be taken into account that those farms that breed cattle must be located at least 100 m from a residential area, and a pig farm - at least 300 m.

To reduce the risk of environmental pollution, the presence of green spaces is necessary on farm areas.

The emergence and spread of various infectious diseases is often associated with the fact that sick animals are brought to the farm. To exclude this, the management of the agricultural enterprise and its veterinary service must carefully ensure that each imported animal is accompanied by various documents and certificates about its state of health. For timely and correct prevention, it is necessary to recognize animal diseases in time. To do this, it is mandatory to instruct farm personnel who are directly involved in working with animals about the symptoms of diseases, their causes and consequences.

When producing crop products, the agronomic service of an agricultural enterprise is obliged to monitor the prevention of plant diseases and pests.

Management must strictly comply with legislation on environmental protection and labor protection. This makes it possible to most fully protect agricultural workers from industrial accidents, the development of occupational diseases, etc.

3. Creation of optimal working conditions in agricultural production

Creating optimal working conditions in agricultural production is the most important step in the process of ensuring safety in this area.

The following services monitor compliance with normal working conditions: State Labor Inspectorate, Sanitary Inspectorate, Technical Inspectorate.

The State Labor Inspectorate monitors compliance by the employer and employees with labor legislation, carries out certification of workplaces, and resolves conflicts that arise between the employer and employees.

The sanitary labor inspection monitors compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards at the enterprise.

The Technical Labor Inspectorate takes care of compliance with safety regulations, which is extremely important in agricultural work when workers come into contact with various mechanisms, machines, chemicals, and animals.

Working conditions are divided into psychophysiological, sanitary and hygienic and aesthetic.

Psychophysiological working conditions depend on the severity of work. According to the severity of work in agricultural production, they are divided into light, medium, heavy and very heavy.

In the production of agricultural products, many works are performed manually, which leaves an imprint on the nature of the work. Some restrictions in areas of employment are not always observed, especially for women. Often, many works are performed at a fast pace, due to the seasonality of production and the influence of biological factors.

Psychophysiological working conditions depend on neuropsychic stress, which in turn is determined by the complexity of the work, responsibility for its results, the machines and mechanisms used, awareness and the degree of control and organization of the production process.

External factors of working conditions, such as man-made, natural-climatic and others, determine sanitary and hygienic conditions. This group of conditions includes: illumination (natural, artificial, mixed light, general, local and other lighting of the workplace), relative air humidity (over 90% is unacceptable), air temperature, air movement (no more than 20 - 30 cm/min .), gas pollution, dust, noise, vibration, radioactive radiation, etc.

For agriculture, the construction of buildings and production facilities must be carried out taking into account building codes and regulations. It is also necessary to carry out a set of preventive measures; workers should be provided with the necessary personal protective equipment and first aid kits. For performing agricultural work under hazardous conditions, for breaking the working day, or increasing shift time during busy periods, workers receive additional payments and are given additional days off. Aesthetic working conditions include the color design of the workplace, its landscaping, architectural solutions, cleanliness, the use of music, as well as cultural and community services. At agricultural enterprises, it is advisable to organize food for workers, medical care, conditions in which hygiene can be maintained, etc.

Thus, maintaining optimal working conditions in agriculture is the key to ensuring the safety of its employees.

Conclusion

At the end of the work, it is necessary to draw the main conclusions. Labor safety in agriculture is ensured, on the one hand, by the workers themselves observing the rules for handling equipment, waste, working with animals, etc., and on the other hand, by complying with the working conditions that are present in agriculture.

Labor safety in agriculture depends on compliance with the rules for handling equipment and vehicles. Tractors, cars, equipment and other agricultural machinery must be used only in those technological processes for which they are intended, in accordance with the passport characteristics. In exceptional cases, they can be used in jobs that are initially officially recognized as safe.

Only persons with special professional training have the right to operate any agricultural machinery.

Labor safety in agriculture depends on the ability to handle animals and plants. At the same time, it is important to take into account the environmental factor, prevent the spread of various diseases transmitted to animals and humans, and comply with sanitary standards that ensure the appropriate level of cleanliness in agricultural production conditions.

Creating optimal working conditions for workers in agriculture is the key to preserving their health and improving their work results. Thus, we can conclude that the activities that promote compliance with safety regulations in agriculture are comprehensive.

List of used literature

1. GOST 28708-2013. Means of small-scale mechanization of agricultural work. Safety requirements http://tandartgost.ru/g/GOST_28708-2013

2. Gusak-Katrich Yu.A. Labor protection in agriculture. - M.: Alfa-Press, 2007.

3. Ivleva I.B. Safety precautions during operation, maintenance and repair of equipment on peasant farms // Occupational health and safety in agriculture. - 2012. -№7.

4. Krivoshein D.A., Ant L.A. Ecology and life safety. - M.: Infra-M, 2011.

5. Turgiev A.K., Lukovnikov A.V. Labor protection in agriculture. - M.: Academy, 2012.

6. Chernoivanov V.I., Kolchin A.V., Burenko L.A., Ivleva I.B. Technological recommendations for ensuring labor safety during the operation of MTP in personal subsidiary plots and peasant (farm) farms. - M.: LLC "Capital Printing House", 2008.

7. Shkrabak V.S., Lukovnikov A.V., Turgiev A.K. Life safety in agricultural production. - M.: Colossus, 2011.

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Analysis of requirements for personnel servicing electrical installations. Characteristics of the procedure for carrying out work in them. Features of technical measures to ensure the safety of work with stress relief. Organization of work of seconded personnel.

test, added 02/20/2010


Consideration of safety regulations for the operation of refrigeration units. Analysis of electrical devices that ensure the operation of refrigeration units. Methods for preventing industrial accidents, workplace training.

abstract, added 09/30/2012


Safety when operating vehicles. Safety precautions when operating a bulldozer, scraper, grader, motor grader. Malfunction of equipment, devices, tools, machines. Mechanized method of loading and unloading operations.

Greetings, dear friends! On March 25, 2016, the Ministry of Justice of Russia registered new Rules on labor protection in agriculture, and today, on March 30, these Rules were published on the official Internet portal of legal information under number 0001201603300027.

According to the order of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation dated February 25, 2016 No. 76, which approved the Rules for labor protection in agriculture, these Rules will come into force in three months.

It is also worth recalling that in accordance with the requirements set out in paragraph 3.3. The procedure for training in labor protection and testing knowledge of labor protection requirements for employees of organizations, approved by the Resolution of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation dated January 13, 2003 No. 1/29, an extraordinary test of knowledge of labor protection requirements for employees of organizations, regardless of the date of the previous test, is carried out when new ones are introduced or introducing changes and additions to existing legislative and other regulatory legal acts containing labor protection requirements. In other words, the responsible persons carrying out the functioning of the occupational safety management system, incl. and the head of the organization must undergo an extraordinary test of knowledge of labor protection requirements at the training center, and then, as part of the certification commission created by the head of the organization, carry out an extraordinary test of knowledge of labor protection requirements for all other employees of the organization. In this case, only the knowledge of legislative and regulatory legal acts that were first introduced and/or to which changes were made is tested.

Among other things, those responsible for the development of occupational safety instructions, occupational safety training programs, and initial training programs in the workplace will need to carry out an unscheduled review of these local regulatory legal acts with a view to introducing appropriate changes to them.

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Occupational safety is a system for ensuring the safety of life and health of workers in the process of work, including legal, socio-economic, organizational, technical, sanitary and hygienic, treatment and preventive, rehabilitation and other measures.

In terms of injury rates, livestock farming occupies one of the first places in agricultural production. About 45% of all cases of injury in livestock farming are associated with intoxication of the victims. The main causes of injuries include unsatisfactory work organization (67%); operation of faulty machines (3.2%); violation of labor safety rules (7.8%).

Responsibilities for ensuring safe conditions and labor protection at the enterprise rest with the employer. He is obliged to ensure the safety of workers during the operation of buildings and equipment; work and rest regimes in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation; organization of working conditions in the workplace, as well as the correct use of personal and collective protective equipment by employees. And the employee’s responsibilities are compliance with labor safety requirements, correct use of individual and collective protective equipment, undergoing training on labor protection, and mandatory preliminary and periodic medical examinations and examinations.

The organization of work on safety precautions and industrial sanitation, the implementation of measures to create safe working conditions in the Seminsky agricultural production complex is entrusted to the safety engineer.

The chief livestock specialist conducts introductory training for newly hired employees, the completion of which is recorded in the employee’s personal file.

After being hired, when transferring to a new job, introducing new equipment or materials, livestock foremen conduct on-the-job training. Then twice a year the employee undergoes repeated training. It is conducted by the chief livestock specialist and recorded in the safety briefing log.

Additional instruction on safety precautions and industrial sanitation is carried out urgently after each accident in the stockyards, regardless of the timing of the last instruction. It is conducted by the chief livestock specialist and safety engineer with all employees of the team where the accident occurred.

In the farmyards there are rest rooms, wardrobes, toilets, and sinks. Separate offices are equipped for foremen. Each barnyard is equipped with first aid kits for first aid, and fire extinguishing equipment in the premises is equipped with water barrels and fire extinguishers.

Medical examinations of enterprise employees are of great importance for improving working conditions. They are carried out once every three months. In accordance with the instructions, personnel are allowed to work only after a medical examination.

Workwear and safety shoes are issued at the Seminsky SEC free of charge and for a certain calendar period and are subject to return after the end of the wear period (when exchanged for new ones), in case of dismissal from work or when moving to another job that does not involve the use of personal protective equipment.

Maintenance of equipment installed in livestock buildings should be carried out in accordance with the safety instructions applicable to each type of work. The same applies to walking areas.

When working with animals, except for service personnel and veterinary specialists, no unauthorized persons should be present. Physically healthy persons who have passed a medical examination, are well aware of production processes, their responsibilities, have knowledge in the field of labor protection and are fluent in production skills and safe labor methods are allowed to work.

Animals should be treated calmly, kindly and confidently. Rough shouting and beatings should not be tolerated. When serving animals, people caring for them must know not only the name, gender, age, characteristics, temperament and habits, but also methods of restraint. Livestock breeders or veterinary specialists decide in each individual case which method of fixation will best ensure safety and efficiency of work. When keeping animals tethered, the tether must be strong and loose enough so as not to restrict movement or tighten the cow's neck. Horns should be removed from lively cows as directed by a veterinarian.

Increasing the productivity of animals and caring for their health is the main task of workers in livestock farming, feed production and veterinary medicine. The successful solution of this important task is facilitated by the timely implementation of anti-epizootic and preventive measures, as well as improved work on the care of animals, their feeding and maintenance.

Failure to comply with basic safety requirements when handling animals leads to injuries to service personnel and animals, and ignorance or non-compliance with the rules of animal hygiene and personal hygiene leads to human illness with diseases common to him and the animal.

In order for workers to know and, when necessary, be able to act in such a way as to protect themselves and others from accidents and diseases, they need to undergo training in labor protection and life safety.

The creators of the new rules governing labor safety in agriculture tried to cover as much as possible the risk of injury associated with this area, so even roughness on the handles of shovels was attributed to negative factors. In sunny times, it is recommended to wear a Panama hat, and when working in greenhouses, it is forbidden to bring the hoe closer to your foot than 50 cm. Rooms in which work with chemicals is carried out must be equipped with ventilation systems, or through ventilation. Mechanisms that create background noise around themselves must be equipped with appropriate sound insulation. All controls such as buttons, valves, etc. must have signatures. Agricultural enterprises can be punished for the presence of thresholds, lack of grates on drains, insufficient width of steps on stairs, and much more.

After completing the technical re-equipment of production facilities, you will need to document a number of issues.

• Firstly, you will need to collect all the characteristics and documents on equipment and devices.
• Secondly, make sure that grain, feed, fertilizers, etc. are provided with documentation.
• Thirdly, it is necessary to check the existing instructions that imply labor protection in agriculture.
• Fourthly, it will be necessary to draw up regulations that provide methods for collecting reagents, raw materials and materials that have scattered. Enterprises engaged in crop production will need to draw up a land management map, which will indicate slopes, routes for equipment, obstacles and dangerous places. In addition, the work order needs to be adjusted. Seed dressing and other work with toxic chemicals must be carried out in accordance with work permits. Upon completion of the work, a report is drawn up.

Among other things, each employer will need to provide its employees with drinking water, both individual and group. Rest rooms and field camps should also be equipped. Among other things, the Ministry of Labor took care to draw up instructions for the workers themselves so that they would not harm themselves or others. For example, to avoid pesticide poisoning, it is necessary to rinse your mouth and nose before lighting a cigarette or eating. It is also prohibited to manually mix the seeds when treating them.

Labor protection in agriculture associated with livestock production has also received a lot of attention. A number of points were taken into account here. The catching of foxes, minks and other wild animals is described in great detail, as is the milking of cows. I liked the frequency of airing the premises, cleaning, etc. There are also clarifications regarding which animals should not be worked with in the presence of strong-smelling substances. Even the issue of driving artiodactyls is described in considerable detail; for example, you cannot use rubber hoses, but only whips made from belts.