Fire trucks are the main technical means of fire protection, ensuring the delivery of forces and means to the site of a fire, conducting basic fire extinguishing operations, rescuing people and material assets.

In accordance with NPB 180-99 “Fire fighting equipment. Firefighting vehicles. Development and production launch of a fire truck - an operational vehicle based on an automobile chassis, equipped with fire-fighting equipment and intended for use in extinguishing fires. Depending on their purpose, fire trucks are divided into main, special and auxiliary.

The main ones are used to deliver crew personnel, fire equipment and a supply of fire extinguishing agents to the site of a fire, as well as to supply them to fires. They are divided into two groups: general use– for extinguishing fires in cities and other populated areas and intended use– for extinguishing fires at facilities and enterprises for various purposes (oil depots, chemical industry enterprises, airports, etc.).

Special fire trucks are designed to perform special work when extinguishing fires: lifting personnel to a height and rescuing victims from the upper floors of buildings, providing communications and lighting, fighting smoke, laying hose lines, providing control, etc.

Auxiliary fire trucks provide refueling, delivery of cargo, repair of fire equipment and other activities.

Classification of fire vehicles by purpose is the main, but not the only method of classification. At different stages of the life cycle (type development, creation, operation), fire trucks are also classified according to such criteria as wheel and seating formulas, layout diagram, extinguishing agents used, total vehicle weight, etc.

According to the number of axles and wheel arrangement, fire trucks are divided into all-wheel drive with a wheel arrangement of 4×4, 6×6, 8×8 and all-wheel drive with a wheel arrangement of 4×2, 6×2, 6×4, 8×4.

According to the landing formula, fire trucks are divided into vehicles with a calculation of 1+2 (or 1+1), i.e. without additional cabin for personnel; 1+5 (or 1+6), i.e. with an additional cabin with one row of seats; 1+8, i.e. with an additional cabin with two rows of seats. In the landing formula, the first number indicates the driver, the second – the number of personnel.

According to the layout of the basic chassis, depending on the location of the cab, fire trucks are divided into vehicles with a cab located behind the engine (rear cab), above the engine (front cab), in front of the engine (front cab). The location of the cabin determines the free layout space, which is important when creating a fire truck. At the same time, the front cabin has certain advantages, creating conditions for reducing the overall height of the machine.

According to the total weight, on which the amount of extinguishing agents transported depends, fire trucks are divided into the following classes: lightweight (L-class)– from 2 to 7.5 t, middle (M-class)– from 7.5 to 14 tons, heavy (S-class)– over 14 tons.

According to the extinguishing agents used, fire trucks are divided into water, foam, powder, gas extinguishing vehicles, as well as combined (water-foam, water-powder, foam-powder, water-foam-powder, etc.).

According to their adaptability to climatic conditions, fire trucks are divided into three groups. For areas with a temperate climate, cars are produced in a normal (standard) version. Based on these vehicles, special vehicles are produced in a northern version (heating the water in the tank, insulating the tank, a special layout with a mid-mounted pump, a northern version of the chassis) and a tropical version (increased efficiency of the cooling system during stationary operation, special coatings).

The designation system, covering the type of fire trucks (FAV), is based on the use of a combined principle using alphabetic and digital symbols.

The main fire extinguishing agents, depending on the type of transported fire extinguishing agents and the methods of their supply, are classified into the following types:

ATs – fire tanker;

ATs(B) – armored tank truck;

ATsL – fire tanker with a ladder;

ATsKP - fire tanker with an articulated lift;

AP – powder extinguishing fire truck;

ACT – combined extinguishing fire truck;

APT – foam firefighting vehicle;

AGT – gas extinguishing fire truck;

AGVT – gas-water extinguishing fire truck;

APP – first aid fire truck;

MAP – firefighting mini-vehicle;

ANR – pump-hose fire truck;

AED – fire truck with a high-pressure pump;

PNS – fire pumping station;

AA – airfield firefighting vehicle;

PPP - firefighting foam lifter;

APS – fire and rescue vehicle;

APSL is a fire rescue vehicle with a ladder.

Special PAs, depending on the type of work performed accompanying fire extinguishing, are classified into the following types:

AL – fire ladder;

APK – firefighting articulated car lift;

ALC – fire truck ladder with tank;

APKTs – firefighting articulated car lift with a tank;

ASA – fire rescue vehicle;

ASA MK – modular emergency rescue vehicle;

AVZ – fire-fighting waterproof vehicle;

ASO – fire communication and lighting vehicle;

AG – fire engine of gas and smoke protection service;

AD – smoke removal fire truck;

AR – fire hose vehicle;

АШ – fire command vehicle;

ALP – fire auto laboratory;

APRSS - fire fighting vehicle for the prevention and repair of communications equipment;

ADPT – fire equipment diagnostic vehicle;

ABG - fire truck - GDZS base;

APTS – fire technical service vehicle;

AOPT – fire fighting equipment heating vehicle;

PKS – fire compressor station;

AOS – fire operational service vehicle;

AT – fire-technical vehicle;

PP – fire trailer;

KP – fire container.

PAs in the northern version are intended for operation in the North. Such cars have a symbol (C) in their letter designation, for example, ATs(S), APP(S), ASH(S), ASO(S).

PA designations must have the following structure:

After the letter designation of the PA type, the distinctive characteristic of the product is indicated in the form of the value of its main parameter. The value of the main parameter is indicated in the following units of measurement:

§ water tank capacity – m3;

§ foam tank capacity – m 3;

§ weight of exported powder – kg;

§ mass of fire extinguishing gas – kg;

§ pump flow at nominal speed – l/s;

§ pressure of pump stages at rated speed – m. water. Art.;

§ powder flow through the fire monitor – kg/s;

§ power of stationary electric generator – kW;

§ length of the hose line – km;

§ boom lifting height – m;

§ fan unit capacity – thousand m 3 /h;

§ number of seats for combat crew (including the driver’s seat);

§ number of stationary spotlights – pcs.;

§ number of portable spotlights – pcs.;

§ load moment – ​​tf × m.

The numbers in parentheses indicate the base chassis model, and the next two or three digits indicate the manufacturer's model number of the vehicle. After the model index, letter designations may be given indicating the modernization of the product (A - first, B - second, etc.), and the numbers following this indicate the modification. For example:

ATs-40(431410)63B – fire tanker on the ZIL-431410 chassis, with a fire pump with a capacity of 40 l/s, model number 63, modernization B.

ATs-3-40/4(43206)003-PS TU – fire tanker on the URAL-43206 chassis, tank capacity 3 m 3, with a combined pump (normal pressure stage supply 40 l/s, high pressure stage 4 l/s) , model 003, manufactured by Posevninsky Machine-Building Plant OJSC according to technical specifications (TU).

AP-5(53213)196 is a powder extinguishing fire truck with a mass of exported (useful) powder of 5000 kg, on a KamAZ-53213 chassis, model 196.

AL-30(131)PM-506D – fire truck ladder 30 meters high on the ZIL-131 chassis, model PM-506, modernization D.

ASA-20(43101)PM-523 is a fire rescue vehicle on a KamAZ-43101 chassis with a permanently installed 20 kW electric generator, model PM-523.

AR-2 (131)133 is a hose vehicle that transports 2 thousand m (2 km) of hoses on the ZIL-131 chassis, model 133.

Until 1995, the designations of fire tankers lacked the value of the main parameter (the capacity of the water tank). Since 1995 this parameter has been indicated.

Fire trucks are operational vehicles, painted in established colors, and have identification marks. In addition, they are equipped with special light and sound signals. Colorographic schemes of PA, presence, content and general requirements for the location of identification marks and inscriptions, as well as technical requirements for special light and sound signals are established by GOST R 50574-2002.

Fire trucks are painted red. Identification marks and contrasting elements are set to white. The chassis of the cars is painted black.

At certain places, a brief designation of the type of fire truck (AC, PNS, etc.), the name of the city and the number of the fire department is indicated.

Lettering on surfaces painted in a primary color should be in a contrasting color, and on surfaces painted in a contrasting color in the primary color. It is not allowed to apply inscriptions, drawings and emblems of advertising content to the outer surfaces of the PA. The elbows of firefighting ladders, trucks and foam lifts are painted white or silver, and the protruding and moving parts of these vehicles that pose a danger to operating personnel must be painted with alternating stripes of red and white.

A special sound signal is created by a signaling device (siren). Currently, DC electric sound signals with a nominal voltage of 12 and 24 V have become widespread. A special sound signal has a changing fundamental sound frequency.

PA light signaling is created using blue beacons. The signal beacon(s) are installed on the roof of the PA or above it in such a way that the special light signal is visible from all angles (visual angle in the horizontal plane is 360 0). If there is a rear beacon (beacons), it is allowed to reduce the visibility angle of the front signal beacon to 180 0, but so that the beacon is not covered from the front of the UAV).

MAIN FIRE VEHICLES

Depending on the primary use, the main fire trucks are divided into general purpose vehicles - for extinguishing fires in cities and towns (ATs, ATsL, ATsKP, ANR, AVD, APP), and vehicles for targeted use - for extinguishing fires at oil depots, timber processing enterprises, chemical, petrochemical, oil refining industries, at airports and other special facilities (AA, APT, AGVT, PNS, AKT, AP, AGT).

fire tanker trucks occupy a dominant position among the main types of fire trucks.

Conventionally, firefighting tankers are divided into 3 groups:

1)lungs– water tank capacity up to 2 m 3 ;

2)average– water tank capacity from 2 to 4 m 3 ;

3)heavy– water tank capacity over 4 m3.

The main elements of a fire tanker are:

§ base chassis with a driver’s cabin or a special cabin to accommodate the driver and crew;

§ cabin for placing the crew in the form of a separate module;

§ body compartments for accommodating the pumping unit and PTV;

§ vessels for fire extinguishing agents (FES);

§ pumping unit with communications;

§ additional pumping unit drive transmissions;

§ fire monitor;

§ additional electrical equipment;

§ additional engine cooling system;

§ interior heating system.

Depending on the purpose and design, ACs can be equipped with additional devices in the absence of one or more of the above components.

To manufacture domestic fire fighting tankers, manufacturers currently use standard (4×2, 6×4) or increased (4×4, 6×6, 8×8) off-road vehicle chassis from such automobile companies as ZIL, Ural, KamAZ, GAZ, MAZ in standard version.

At the same time, the main parts of the cars - the engine, transmission, chassis, control mechanism - are preserved. However, changes are being made to some of them to facilitate the reliable operation of fire equipment and basic units. So, the engine, working on the pump in the summer in stationary mode, can overheat. Therefore, an additional heat exchanger is introduced into the cooling system, connected by pipes to a fire pump.

The vacuum in the cavity of a centrifugal pump when water is sucked in when it is taken from an external container is often carried out using a gas-jet vacuum apparatus. It is created by engine exhaust gases, which are also used in winter to heat the pump room and water in the tank. Exhaust pipes, a muffler and heating batteries form the exhaust gas system of fire truck engines.

Significant changes are being made to the electrical equipment of the car. It additionally includes lighting devices (calculation cabin, body compartments, pump room, as well as areas around it), light and sound alarms and instrumentation.

As a rule, an all-metal crew cabin is rigidly connected to the driver’s cabin. A water tank is mounted in the middle part of the chassis, behind the crew cabin. A steel body is installed on brackets welded to the tank supports. Firefighting equipment is placed in the body compartments and on the roof of the vehicle. Foam concentrate tanks, which are usually made of stainless steel, are secured to the body elements with special clamps.

Fire extinguishing liquids on the tanker are supplied by a pumping unit. It includes: a fire pump, water-foam communications, a foam mixer and a vacuum system. Pumping units can be located at the rear of the fire truck or in the middle. Power is transferred from the engine to the pump through an additional transmission, which consists of a power take-off and a cardan drive. The power take-off is installed instead of the gearbox roof or is an independent mechanism. In the case of a rear-mounted installation, for ease of engine and transmission control, the clutch and carburetor throttle control drives (or fuel injection pump rack) are duplicated. Thus, changing the operating modes of the pump can be done either from the driver’s cab or from the pump room.

ANR fire pump-hose vehicles are similar to tank trucks, but they do not have a water tank. Due to the elimination of the tank, the crew cabin and the transportable stock of pressure hoses were increased. Table 2.1 presents the main technical data of some of the main PAs for general use.

The most popular fire fighting tankers at present are AC-40(431410)63B and AC-40(131)137A.

The fire tanker ATs-40(431410)63B (see Fig. 2.1 and 2.2) is mounted on a ZIL-431410 automobile chassis with a 4×2 wheel arrangement.

The car is equipped with a V-shaped eight-cylinder four-stroke carburetor engine ZIL-508 with a power of 110 kW (150 hp). Behind the three-seater driver's cabin there is a four-seater crew cabin, rigidly connected to the first one. On supports secured through rubber shock absorbers to the chassis frame, a tank with 2350 liters of water is installed behind the crew cabin.

The body of a fire tanker consists of two all-metal pedestals, which are located along the tank and attached to it with brackets. In the rear part of the cabinet there is a compartment where the pumping unit with instrumentation and control levers is located, and in the upper part there is a foam concentrate tank with a capacity of 165 liters.

Table 2.1

Basic technical data of some basic PAs of general use

Fire truck brand	Base chassis model	Wheel formula	Total weight, kg	Overall dimensions, mm (length, width, height)	Engine power, hp (kW)	Maximum speed, km/h	Calculation, pers.	Exported waste fuel, l: water / foaming agent	Pumping unit type	Pump capacity, l/s.
/ Pump head, m	AC-40(431410) model 63B	ZIL-431410		6810 2500 2720	150 (110)				4x2
AC-40(131) model 137A	ZIL-131	6x6		7640 2500 2950	150 (110)				4x2
AC-40(43202) model 186	Ural-43202	6x6		8000 2500 3000	210 (155)				4x2
ATs-3-40 (43206) model 1MI	Ural-43206	4x4		7900 2500 3350	180 (132)				4x2
ATs-5-40(43101) model PM-525A	KamAZ-43101	6x6		8500 2500 3100	210 (155)				4x2
ATs-7-40 (53213) model PM-524	KamAZ-53213	6x4		8250 2500 3200	210 (155)				4x2
AC-2.5-40 (433362) model PM-540	ZIL-433362	ZIL-431410		6900 2500 3100	150 (110)				4x2
ATs-6-40/4(53211) model 1DD	KamAZ-53211	6x4		7600 2500 3200	240 (176)				NH-30 Rosenbauer	40/4
	100/400
ATs-1.0-4/400(5301) model PM-542D	ZIL-5301	ZIL-431410		6700 2500 2800	109 (80)				NTsPV-4/400
ATs-3,2-40(433104) model 8VR	ZIL-433104	ZIL-431410		7650 2500 3140	185 (136)				NPC-40/100
ANR-40(431412) model 127B	ZIL-431412	ZIL-431410		7150 2470 2730	150 (110)			0 .	4x2
Note: on tanker trucks of the PM-525, PM-540, 8VR, 1MI models, pumps NTsPN-40/100, NTsP-40/100, NTsPK-40/100-4/400, as well as pumps from Rosenbauer, can be installed upon separate order. Ziegler and Magirus. In addition, pumps of the NTs group, which have the same connecting dimensions as the PN-40 pump, can also be installed on tank trucks of early production during their overhaul and modernization.

Fig.2.2.Fire tank truck ATs-40(431410)63B

The pumping unit of the tanker is based on a firefighting centrifugal single-stage cantilever pump PN-40UV, with a nominal flow of 40 l/s at a head of 100 meters. The fire pump is driven from the vehicle engine through a gearbox and an additional transmission, consisting of a power take-off (PTO), mounted on the cover of the gearbox (Gearbox), two cardan shafts and one intermediate shaft. The fire tanker ATs-40(131)137A (see Fig. 2.3) resembles the ATs-40(431410)63B in its general design. The model 137A superstructure is mounted on an off-road vehicle chassis with a 6x6 wheel arrangement (ZIL-131 or ZIL-433440 vehicle chassis). On the roof of the tanker cabin permanently

Fig.2.3.Fire tank truck AC-40(131)137A

a fire monitor with a capacity of 20 l/s is installed, controlled from the cabin.

Modern fire-fighting tank trucks often use a modular design for the fire superstructure, which is especially effective when producing fire-fighting vehicles in small series or when producing modifications to the base model. For example, by replacing a pump compartment module with a normal pressure pump with a pump compartment module with a high pressure or combined pump, the characteristics of a fire tanker can be significantly changed.

If there is a set of standard modules on the same chassis, it is possible to produce vehicles for various purposes, which are maximally unified among themselves. To do this, it is enough to replace one or more modules.

Recently, firefighting tankers are increasingly equipped with tanks made of reinforced fiberglass. When installing metal tanks, manufacturers use effective coatings to protect internal cavities from corrosion.

On modern models of fire fighting tankers, the tank and foam tank are often made in the form of a single welded block, as is done, for example, on the AC-2.5-40(433362)PM-540 (see Fig. 2.4). This tanker truck is widely used in departments

Fig. 2.4. Fire tanker ATs-2.5-40 (433362) PM-540

various regions of our country, mounted on a ZIL-433362 chassis with a 4x2 wheel arrangement and a gasoline engine with a power of 110 kW (150 hp). The vehicle is equipped with a stationary pumping unit with a fire pump PN-40UV. The tanker uses a modular fire superstructure design principle. The tank-foam tank module is made as a single unit - a foam concentrate tank with a capacity of 200 liters is mounted (welded) inside the tank body with a useful volume of 2.5 m3.

Modern fire tankers are increasingly equipped with pumping units that provide water supply at both normal and high pressure. The presence of a high-pressure pump (or stage) allows you to create finely dispersed (finely atomized) water jets with increased fire extinguishing efficiency. When producing new fire tankers or during the modernization of outdated vehicles, often instead of the traditional normal pressure fire pump PN-40UV, a modern domestically produced pumping unit is installed, consisting of a combined centrifugal pump NTsPK 40/100-4/400, a positive displacement vacuum pump and a reel with a hose high pressure. The connecting dimensions of the new pump and PN-40UV are the same, and the power consumption is the same, so the modernization of the pumping unit can be carried out not only at the factory, but also locally in the conditions of Production and Technical Centers (PTC) or Technical Service Units (TSD).

Light tank truck superstructures are mounted on the ZIL-5301 and ZIL-432720 chassis. The most common vehicles in this group include tank trucks of models 002MM and PM-542 of various modifications (see Fig. 2.5).

These firefighting tankers are mounted on a 4x2 chassis with a wheelbase length of 3600 mm (ZIL-530104) or 4250 mm (ZIL-5301GA), equipped with tanks from 800 to 1400 liters, foam concentrate tanks of 80-150 liters, fire pumps PN-20, NTsPV-4/400 or NTsPK-40/100-4/400. The vehicles are to some extent multifunctional, as they can be used as firefighting vehicles or fire rescue vehicles.

The same group of light multifunctional tank trucks includes AC-0.8-4/400 (432720) model PM-541 (see Fig. 2.6), additionally equipped with an electric generator

with an output power of 4.0 kW, a stationary retractable lighting tower, remote floodlights, hydraulic rescue tools and other types of special equipment. The vehicle's armament allows it to be used both as a tanker and as a rescue vehicle. To increase the mobility and cross-country ability of the tanker, it is mounted on a ZIL-432720 vehicle with a 4x4 wheel arrangement.

The fire tanker ATs-3.0-40(43206)1MI (see Fig. 2.7) is made on the Ural 43206 chassis with a YaMZ-236M2 diesel engine with a power of 180 l/s and a 4x4 wheel arrangement. The tanker is equipped with a 6-seater crew cabin, a 3000-liter water tank and a 180-liter foam concentrate tank, a single-stage

Fig. 2.7. Fire tanker ATs-3.0-40(43206)1MI

pump PN-40UV, the hydraulic communications of which provide for the installation of a stationary monitor on the roof of the car. Instead of a gas-jet vacuum apparatus, an autonomous system ABC-01E was used.

Fire tankers on KamAZ chassis with regular and all-terrain capability ATs-7-40(53215)PM-524 with a 6×4 wheel arrangement and ATs-5-30(43118)PM-525 with a 6×6 wheel arrangement (see Fig. 2.8 ) have a modular layout of the fire superstructure, equipped with water tanks with a volume of 7 and 5 m 3, respectively, foam tanks with a volume of 450 and 350 liters and normal pressure fire pumps with

Fig. 2.8. Firefighting tank trucks PM-524 and PM-525

nominal flow up to 40 l/s. The machines can be equipped upon special order with high-pressure fire pumps and combined pumps, including foreign ones. Instead of the classic PN-40UV, these tank trucks can be equipped with pumps NTsPN-40/100, NTsPK-40/100-4/400, NTsPV-4/400, NTsPV-20/200, Ziegler-FP16/8-2H with a nominal flow of 50 l/s and others.

Using the same modular principle, the fire tanker ATs-6.0-40/4(53211)1DD, corresponding to the Austrian prototype TLF-6500, is manufactured on the KamAZ-53211 base chassis with a 6x4 wheel arrangement. Behind the 7-seater crew cabin, a heated tank with 6 m 3 of water and a 600-liter foam concentrate tank with an automatic foam mixer are mounted. A Rosenbauer NH30 combined pump is installed in the rear compartment of the car, the nominal flow of which in the normal pressure stage is 50 l/s at a pressure of 100 m of water. Art., and at the high pressure stage 4 l/s at a pressure of 400 m of water. Art. The water and foam communications of the pumping unit are equipped with a monitor mounted on the roof of the car.

A special group of tank trucks consists of the so-called simplified tank trucks (ATSU or ADC) (see Fig. 2.9), on which, due to the abandonment of the personnel compartment and the reduction in the number of crew to 3 people, the amount of transported water is almost doubled compared to standard ATs on the same chassis.

the vehicle carries a larger number of pressure hoses, has an increased volume of the foam tank and, as a rule, an elongated combat crew compartment that can accommodate 9 people. In Fig. Figure 2.10 shows the previously widespread pump-hose vehicle ANR-40 (431412) model 127. The task of the ANR is to supply water from a water source either directly to the fire site, or to a tanker truck operating “pumping”. The supply of hoses and the large number of combat crews ensure the rapid laying of main hose lines with a length of up to 800 meters. The design features of the machine are the middle location of the PN-40 pump, as well as a forward-facing suction pipe, which makes access to the water source easier. The rear compartment of the body, free of the pumping unit, designed to accommodate hoses, simplifies the laying of the main line on the go. Modern models of pump-hose vehicles (see Figure 2.11) have a slightly different focus. On them, the number of combat crews is reduced to 7 or even 3 people, as, for example, on the ANR-40-1.4(433112)PM-584 vehicle (see Fig. 2.11 "a"), but increased up to 1400 meters transportable supply of pressure hoses.

time are becoming increasingly widespread, often solving the same problems as tank trucks. The increased role of firefighting vehicles is directly related to the increase in traffic intensity in cities, where the small size and high dynamic characteristics of these vehicles can become a decisive factor for timely arrival at the site of a fire and extinguishing it in the initial stage. Most often, APPs are manufactured on the chassis of Gazelle trucks or minibuses of various modifications. Figure 2.12 shows one of the mass-produced models of the AMS on the GAZ-33023 chassis with a 4×2 wheel arrangement. The APP-2(33023)01 vehicle, with a gross weight of 3.65 tons, is equipped with a GAZ-562 diesel engine or a ZMZ-4052 gasoline engine and is equipped with a reinforced suspension. The maximum speed of the vehicle reaches 115 km/h, the combat crew is 5 people. The vehicle is equipped with a TsSG-7.2-150 pumping unit, which provides a supply of 1.1 to 3.3 l/s with a pressure of 155 - 105 m, respectively. When the pump operates with a boost (for example, from a water supply hydrant), it creates pressure up to 2.5 MPa. This makes it possible to form a finely dispersed water jet at heights of up to 160 meters using a multi-mode barrel. The pump is driven through an automatic clutch from an auxiliary gasoline engine, which also serves as an electric generator drive. The vehicle transports 500 liters of water and 10 liters of foaming agent as fire extinguishing agents in a portable portable foam mixing module. The vehicle is equipped with breathing apparatus, a set of electrical protective equipment, portable fire extinguishers, hydraulic rescue tools, manual fire escapes, a fire pump, remote and stationary floodlights and other firefighting equipment typical of a basic general-purpose firefighting vehicle.

On other APP models, permanently installed high-pressure motor pumps of domestic or foreign production can be used as a pumping unit.

FIRE PUMPING STATIONS designed to extinguish large fires and are used when a large amount of extinguishing agents is required.

The fire pumping station PNS-110(131)131A (see Fig. 2.13) is mounted on the chassis of a three-axle all-terrain vehicle ZIL-131. She represents

is an autonomous pumping unit installed on the vehicle frame behind the driver’s cab and covered with a specially designed metal body. The unit consists of a drive motor, a friction clutch and a centrifugal pump PN-110 connected to the engine by a cardan transmission. Drive engine 2D12B diesel, two-row, V-shaped, 12-cylinder, four-stroke, high-speed, liquid-cooled with jet fuel atomization. Engine power at a crankshaft speed of 1350 rpm is 300 hp. All engine systems are independent of the chassis.

Fire pump - centrifugal, single-stage, cantilever, with a two-helix spiral outlet. Pump flow at 1350 rpm. is 110 l/s; in this case, the pump creates a pressure of 100 m. The pump is equipped with a PS-12 jet type foam mixer for 6, 9 and 12 GPS-600. To mechanize the lowering and raising of suction hoses with a mesh, a hand winch with a block is provided on the vehicle. Firefighting equipment on a vehicle is located in body compartments. The fire equipment set includes: two 4-meter suction hoses with a diameter of 200 mm, a SV-200 suction mesh, two tees 200×150×150 and four RS-150 branches.

Modern fire truck pumping stations (see Fig. 2.14) are often equipped with the same PN-110B pump, which has proven its reliability and efficiency and is driven by 2D12B or YaMZ-238 engines. Both ZIL-4334 vehicles of various modifications and KamAZ-43114 all-wheel drive vehicles are used as the base chassis.

At the same time, a number of enterprises are mastering new pumping units, for example, NTsPN-100/100. The fire pumping station PNS-100(43114)50VR with this pump is produced by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise Vargashinsky PPSO Plant.

FOAM FIRE TRUCKS are used in cases where fires can be most effectively extinguished with air-mechanical foam. They are used to extinguish oil and oil products, as well as when it is necessary to fill the entire volume of burning rooms (ship holds, cable ducts, basements, etc.) with air-mechanical foam. Foam extinguishing vehicles deliver crews, foam concentrates, firefighting equipment, technical means for supplying air-mechanical foam (medium expansion foam generators, dispensers-mixers for supplying foam concentrate to hose lines, portable foam lifters, etc.) to the fire site. Due to the presence of special foam suppressors and foam dispensers in the PTV set, foam extinguishing vehicles are capable of ensuring the simultaneous operation of a large number of foam barrels and other means of foam supply.

Foam extinguishing vehicles are fundamentally little different from fire tankers. At the same time, they are subject to additional requirements related to

According to statistics, the most dangerous moment for people during a fire is its consequences. Combustion products, ceiling collapses and the like cause major damage to health. Therefore, in such situations it is advisable to use equipment of a special design and purpose. Special fire trucks are primarily designed to save people.

Types of special equipment

Special fire trucks transport personnel and are equipped with firefighting equipment, but the main thing in them is special equipment and installations. Most of these vehicles have tanks, tanks for fire extinguishing agents and the necessary communications for them.

Superstructures are placed on the chassis of a truck, since the weight of the equipment requires reliable and stable support.

Special vehicles must provide:

• removal of combustion products;
• work at height;
• lighting;
• dismantling of building structures;
• ensuring access to fires;
• evacuation of people;
• first aid for victims.

This is not a complete list, but the main functions for ensuring the work of the fire department are displayed in it. Depending on the equipment and methods of use, special vehicles are divided into several groups.

Like basic fire trucks, they come in light, medium and heavy duty. Most of these vehicles are universal and work in residential, public and industrial facilities. They are assigned to fire departments or units of the Ministry of Emergency Situations.

The requirements for the exterior coincide with other types of fire fighting vehicles and equipment. To do this, use 2 colors - red and white. >The main task of special vehicles is to quickly respond and perform work; they can be distinguished from main vehicles by their equipment.

AL

- These are vehicles on a chassis with a large load capacity, high cross-country ability and an extended wheelbase. This design solution allows them to be used in urban environments and beyond. However, ladder trucks must move normally in populated areas with dense buildings, because it is in such places that fires in high-rise buildings often occur.

The main equipment is a fixed rotating ladder that extends. It allows you to deliver firefighters and fire extinguishing equipment to heights, carry out evacuation and rescue operations.

Sometimes it is used as an observation post, for installing equipment at certain points at a height and securing lighting fixtures. Stationary ladders can be used to move cargo.

Cars of similar design are divided into types according to the height of the extended ladder. For most aerial ladders, this figure is 30 m. Models are equipped with cradles or an elevator, but there are options without them.

The elevator is designed for quick evacuation of people or delivery of fire equipment. Monitors are also attached to the stairs, if provided for by the design.

agro-industrial complex

In terms of design, articulated car lifts are very similar to. The base, chassis and fixed part are identical. Instead of a ladder, a retractable boom is installed. It can be rotary cranked or telescopic.

At the extreme link of the boom there is a platform (cradle). There are restrictions on the inclination of the surface on which a working car lift stands - no more than 3º. The maximum wind speed is up to 10 m/s.

Car lifts of this type deliver a load of fire extinguishing agents and substances, firefighters to the site of fires, or are used to carry out rescue operations. Operational evacuation is not carried out using articulated car lifts.

To control the mechanisms, a remote control is provided, which is located on the platform or in another similar place. Car lifts can handle loads of more than 400 kg.

AR

Hose vehicles are necessary for laying fire hoses and extinguishing fires. They are used as auxiliary equipment in conjunction with fire pumping stations and others. The cabin of the hose car can accommodate 3 people.

Behind it there is equipment and compartments for it. The cross-country ability of such a vehicle is high, since it is often used to extinguish large fires in hard-to-reach places.

The main function is to deliver fire hoses to the fire extinguishing site; their total length in one vehicle reaches 2-5 km. In the compartments, the sleeves are folded, on the side of the superstructure or on the sides.

An additional benefit from traction power is the ability to pull out stuck vehicles and equipment using a durable and long winch.

DU

Smoke extraction vehicles are used to remove smoke in large rooms, including basements, elevator shafts, and staircases. With the help of a fan unit, not only ventilation and suction of combustion products are carried out, but it is also possible to form air-mechanical foam to extinguish or contain the flame.

The cabin carries several personnel. Fire tankers can additionally be used to generate and transfer high-expansion foam.

The vehicle's smoke removal device is designed to work with gas-air mixtures of large volumes and high temperatures - over 300 °C. A hydraulic motor is provided for the operation of the fan unit. The fire superstructure of this special vehicle has compartments for portable smoke extraction systems.

GDZS

Each piece of equipment with gas and smoke protection functionality is assigned to the relevant departments of the gas and smoke protection service. The gas and smoke protection service vehicle ensures the delivery of combat crews, equipment and supplies, carrying out rescue operations and safe fire extinguishing.

Used at petrochemical industry facilities, industrial plants and other similar facilities. The number of cars in a service unit depends on the population in a particular city or locality. This is stated in the rules.

The equipment of a firefighting vehicle for the gas and smoke protection service includes electrical equipment, lighting devices, a control system, power plants, and fire-fighting equipment.

Personal protective equipment must be included in the kit, since the work is carried out in conditions of heavy gas pollution.

Many models are equipped with telescopic masts with lighting fixtures (spotlights) on them. Gas and smoke protection service vehicles are designed on the basis of a chassis with high cross-country ability and large load capacity. Additional equipment - tools for working with building structures (chips), electric saws and smoke exhausters.

ASA

Emergency rescue vehicles are designed to carry out emergency rescue operations, illuminate the site, and provide first aid. They are used not only by fire departments, but also by rescue units of the Ministry of Emergency Situations.

Depending on the purpose and equipment, there are light, medium and heavy. The first are based on the chassis of lightweight transport models and are necessary for the rapid delivery of personnel and a minimum set of equipment to the fire site.

The second ones are fully equipped, and their firefighting superstructures are installed on a heavy-duty chassis. The equipment of the third vehicles includes additional equipment for dismantling rubble, dismantling building structures and their elements, and lifts.

Emergency rescue vehicles are also used for reconnaissance of the radiation situation and liquidation of emergency situations with technological equipment. The equipment set for medium and heavy modifications includes smoke exhausters, radio stations, lighting equipment, and winches.

AS

Staff vehicles are based on passenger cars and semi-truck chassis. There are models based on buses. Staff vehicles are necessary to ensure the full operation of the fire extinguishing headquarters and the delivery of combat crews to the site of fires. Additional functions - radio communication with departments and the service center.

basic information

The main target-use fire fighting vehicles deliver fire equipment and tools to the place of call for personnel. All of them have a specific purpose for extinguishing fires at various facilities (airplanes, gas and oil fountains, museums, theaters, etc.). In other words, each such car has a clearly defined scope of application.

The following fire extinguishing agents are used for these PAs: water, foam, fire extinguishing powders, neutral gases, etc.

Types of PAs for target use

PAs for intended use are usually classified as:

• Airfield fire trucks (AA): A fire truck equipped with extinguishing means and special fire-technical weapons for extinguishing fires and carrying out emergency rescue operations at airports by specialized fire services.
• Powder extinguishing fire trucks (AP): A fire truck equipped with a vessel for storing fire extinguishing powder, gas cylinders or a compressor unit, monitors and hand guns and designed to deliver personnel, fire-fighting equipment and equipment to the site of a fire and carry out fire extinguishing operations.
• Foam extinguishing fire trucks (FAF): A fire truck equipped with one or more containers for storing foaming agent, a fire pump with communications piping and a device for dispensing foaming agent and intended for delivering personnel, fire-fighting equipment to the site of a fire and carrying out actions at petrochemical industry enterprises and storage areas petroleum products
• Combined extinguishing fire trucks (ACT): A fire truck equipped with a pump, containers for storing fire extinguishing agents and means for their supply and intended for delivering personnel, combined extinguishing equipment and fire-technical weapons to the site of a fire for the simultaneous or sequential supply of fire extinguishing agents of various properties and carrying out actions at industrial enterprises, chemical, petrochemical and gas industry facilities, transport.
• Gas extinguishing fire trucks (AGT): A fire truck equipped with vessels for storing compressed or liquefied gases, devices for their supply and intended for delivering personnel, fire-fighting equipment and equipment to the site of a fire and carrying out fire-fighting operations.
• Gas-water extinguishing fire trucks (AGW): A fire truck equipped with a turbojet engine, a gas and water jet supply system and designed to deliver personnel, fire-technical weapons, equipment and actions when extinguishing oil and gas gushers, fires at oil refinery technological installations to the site of a fire (accident) and chemical plants and their cooling.
• Fire pumping stations (FPS): A fire truck equipped with a fire pump and designed to supply water through main fire hoses directly to portable fire monitors or to fire trucks with subsequent supply of water to the fire and to create a reserve supply of water near the site of a large fire.
• Firefighting foam lifters (FPR): A fire truck equipped with a stationary mechanized rotary cranked or telescopic lifting boom with foam generators and designed to deliver personnel, fire-fighting equipment and equipment to the site of a fire and carry out actions to extinguish fires with foam at height.

Examples of various main fire vehicles for target applications

Sources

1. GOST R 53247-2009 "Fire fighting equipment. Fire trucks. Classification, types and designations"
2. Presnov A.I., Kamentsev A.Ya., Ivanov A.G. and others. Fire trucks: A textbook for a fire truck driver. - St. Petersburg, 2006.-507 p.

Consideration of the classification, design, development of basic fire fighting vehicles.

Study questions:

1. General classification of fire trucks and their purpose, markings.

General classification of fire trucks

Basic general purpose fire fighting vehicles

Symbols and markings

Decoding

AC 3.0-40/4 (4331) model XXX-XX

With a capacity of 3 cubic meters, a combined pump with a supply of 40 l/s (normal pressure stage) and 4 l/s (high pressure stage) on the ZIL-4331 chassis, the first modernization of the XXX model, modification XX.

Examples of deciphering the designation of fire trucks

Basic general purpose fire fighting vehicles

- vehicles designed to deliver personnel to the place of call, extinguish fires and carry out rescue operations using fire extinguishing agents and fire equipment carried on them, as well as for supplying fire extinguishing agents from other sources to the place of fire.

The main vehicles for intended use are for extinguishing fires at oil depots, timber processing enterprises, chemical, petrochemical, oil refining industries, at airports and other special facilities.

Powder fire fighting vehicles are designed to extinguish fires of the following classes:

1. A (Fires of solid substances, mainly of organic origin, the combustion of which is accompanied by smoldering),
2. B (Fires of flammable liquids or melting solids),
3. C (Gas fires),
4. E (Fires associated with burning electrical installations)
5. at industrial facilities of the gas, oil, petrochemical industries

Gas extinguishing vehicle

A machine for extinguishing local fires at nuclear power plants, transfer points, warehouses for flammable liquids, in car parks, etc.
Ensures the elimination of fires in premises with a volume of up to 5 thousand cubic meters, in elevators, granaries and other premises where it is impossible to use others that lead to damage to expensive equipment and materials.

• Fire extinguishing agent – ​​nitrogen
• Tank capacity, kg – 4000
• Monitor output, kg/s - 30
• Hand barrel performance, kg/s - 2

Main advantages of first aid vehicles

Complete set APP-0.5-2.0 (33023)

• small size and maneuverability in urban traffic flow conditions;
• quick arrival at the place of call;
• effective extinguishing of local fires;
• the use of a high-pressure barrel allows reducing the consumption of fire extinguishing agent;
• reduction of indirect damage from spilled water;
• saving fuel and lubricants;
• versatility of configuration;
• the ability to open door and barred window openings and garage doors;
• opportunity ;
• flushing out spilled petroleum products during road accidents;
• providing first aid to victims of road accidents;
• effective in ensuring the safety of events with large gatherings of people;
• lower financial costs for maintenance and operation compared to AC.

The main shortcomings identified during the operation of the APP

• when feeding the spray barrel, due to a design flaw, damage occurred to the rubber hose at the point where it was attached to the motor pump with a clamp;
• ground clearance (ground clearance) is very low, which makes it difficult to overcome even minor obstacles (curbs, etc.);
• not all models have an all-wheel drive chassis (4x4), which is necessary for operating the vehicle in winter conditions;
• the length of the hose reel (50 meters) of the high-pressure barrel significantly limits the radius of work and complicates work in buildings with complex layouts;
• inaccessibility of equipment located on the roof of the car;
• lack of tightness of compartments;
• lack of a water intake system from water sources of all types.