Room escape plan. How to make a fire evacuation plan yourself? What does that require? Site inspections are carried out only by qualified specialists

One of the most important documents that must be drawn up by an employee appointed responsible for fire safety of an organization is a fire evacuation plan. The plan consists of several sections:

Graphic. Includes a simplified building plan. The image should not be filled with secondary visual information. And be understandable for the perception of an unprepared person visiting the building for the first time. In a fire evacuation diagram, the main element that should stand out the most are the solid green arrows, showing the main evacuation routes for personnel and visitors. Dotted green arrows indicate backup routes leading to emergency exits. , the fire evacuation plan includes information on the location of fire extinguishers and other primary extinguishing means, devices for switching on fire alarm systems, and evacuation systems. The locations of duty officers and telephone locations are indicated separately.

Text . This section briefly, in table form, provides a list and sequence of actions of responsible persons in the event of a fire. This section can be presented in the form of reminders and instructions. It includes the following list of actions:

• Notification of the detection of a fire source to both personnel and the duty officer at the fire department control panel;
• . This point requires special study in organizations where there are people with limited capacity, sedentary people, teenage and school-age children.
• Verification of complete evacuation (roll call, counting by managers.);
• Monitoring the operation of automatic fire extinguishing systems. If necessary, start manually, or other actions provided for in the instructions (restarting the control circuits of the system, switching to another power supply line.);
• Taking part in localizing and eliminating fires;
• Evacuation of material assets.

Performers for responsible positions of floor or sector fire safety employees must be selected in accordance with their physical capabilities and psychological data, so as not to succumb to panic and be able to help evacuees at a crucial moment. Responsible persons are appointed by order of the organization and must sign both in the order and under the table of actions as proof of their familiarization.

Magazine . Development (training) of the evacuation plan should be carried out at least twice a year. This event is recorded in the evacuation sequence log. The following information is recorded:

1. Date of training;
2. Initial information: location and intensity of the detected fire, conditional activation of an automatic fire extinguishing installation or evacuation system;
3. The total evacuation time and/or individual key episodes are recorded.

After working out, the received information is analyzed and actions are analyzed. Based on the analyzed data, decisions are made to eliminate identified deficiencies, and measures are taken to improve the fire safety of the building and the entire organization.

Types of evacuation plans and requirements for them

Depending on the area of ​​the object and the complexity of the layout, it can be developed for one building. The most simplified one is local. It is usually developed for individual rooms with complex layouts. These could be hotel rooms, classrooms, lecture halls, hospital rooms. This plan shows the path directly from the room to the corridor or hall of the building.

A sectional evacuation plan is required if the total floor area of ​​the structure exceeds 1000 m2, or the floor has a complex layout, in which there are several separate exits separated by partitions or load-bearing walls. If the building has an access control management system with turnstiles or automatically locked doors. is divided into sections if the overall evacuation route is too long, and the diagram itself is difficult to understand and oversaturated with symbols.

The evacuation floor plan is the most common for most medium-sized public, commercial or industrial applications. Consolidated evacuation plans are drawn up for the entire building based on certified copies of sectional or floor evacuation plans. Such plans are binders or detailed diagrams on a large-format sheet and are kept by the manager, duty officer or other responsible person. When an emergency occurs, these plans must be communicated to the fire marshal or other emergency commander.

Requirements for form and placement

The size of the evacuation plan depends on its type. As a rule, local evacuation schemes have dimensions of 300×400 mm. Floor and sectional contain much more information. Their font should be larger and therefore the size is 600x400. The background on which the information is displayed must be white or yellowish-white, contrasting with the image, and made of luminescent materials.

Graphic symbols on the diagram must be at least 8-15 mm high, the color of the symbols indicating primary fire extinguishing means is red. The font in the explanatory part and transcript is at least 3 mm high, the font color is black. The main and additional escape routes are indicated by green, solid and dotted lines, respectively, the line thickness is at least 2 mm.

Places where , must meet strict requirements. Have good lighting, located in a place visible from all sides (do not be covered by foreign objects of the interior). Hang up starting from the parts of the room furthest from the entrance with a frequency not exceeding 60m.

A document containing a detailed description of the sequence of actions of people in case of emergency situations and a schematic representation of emergency exits and routes is called evacuation plan. Directional signs, safety signs and an evacuation plan help ensure maximum safety in places where large numbers of people gather in the event of an accident, earthquake, flood, fire or other event that threatens health and life.

25.05. In 2012, the Government of the Russian Federation adopted Resolution No. 390, establishing. According to this decree, any facility (with the exception of residential buildings) where more than 10 people are constantly present must have a fire evacuation plan. This document is also equipped with each floor of an industrial or public building where 10 or more workplaces are equipped. The presence of an evacuation plan must be ensured by the manager or official whose responsibilities include monitoring compliance with fire safety rules.

Evacuation plan

Evacuation plans are carried out in the form of diagrams with outline drawings of the staircases, corridors, rooms and other areas available at the site in which people may work or be present. Using symbols, emergency and evacuation exits, routes and directions of movement are marked on them; open external staircases and smoke-free staircases; places where first aid and personal protective equipment are located; location of emergency communication points and fire protection points. All symbols must be deciphered and provided with explanatory text.

Purpose of an evacuation plan

The document must indicate emergency exits and the paths leading to them so that the exit of people from the building is as convenient and safe as possible. The evacuation plan reminds you of the priority measures and actions when a fire is detected and helps you quickly find firefighting equipment, as well as makes it possible to use the warning system.

Types of evacuation plans and requirements

The evacuation plan consists of two parts. Graphic includes a detailed (floor-by-floor and section-by-section) image of the internal layout of an object (building, vehicle or structure), equipped with special symbols and signs. The text part contains:

• information about the warning system in case of emergency situations;
• sequence of actions required for emergency shutdown of machinery and equipment, shutdown of power supply and power supply;
• a list of responsibilities of personnel and the procedure for calling medical emergency services, emergency departments and firefighters;
• algorithm of actions that must be taken to manually control emergency and fire protection systems;
• information about the organization that developed the evacuation plan (this type of activity requires permission from the relevant authorities).

The evacuation plan, symbols, drawings and accompanying texts must comply with the standards established by GOST R 12.2.143-2009.

Evacuation plans can be general (consolidated), local, sectional and floor-by-floor. General plans must be kept by the duty officer and, if necessary, issued to those responsible for fire safety or the manager. Local ones are designed for premises (cabins, hotel rooms, dorm rooms, hospital wards, etc.) and should be placed in these premises. Floor plans are created for the entire floor; the floor number must be indicated on them. Sectional evacuation plans are developed if:

• there are several separate emergency exits on the floor, which are separated by a partition or wall;
• the floor has an area of ​​100 m² or more;
• evacuation routes are quite complex or long;
• the floor is equipped with turnstiles, revolving, up-and-down or sliding doors.

Sectional and floor evacuation plans are made in duplicate. One is placed on the wall in a strictly defined place (marked on the plan) at a height of 180 cm from the floor level. The second is included in the general evacuation plan.

If changes occur in the layout of the facility as a result of repair or reconstruction work, they must be reflected in the appropriate evacuation plans.

Colorographic images of symbols and signs (symbols) must be made in accordance with regulatory documents in force in the industry, IMO and GOST R resolutions.

Symbols can be supplemented with letters, numbers or combinations.

All symbols on the evacuation plan must be on the same scale; their height can vary from 8 to 15 mm.

A text transcript is required for all symbols in the graphic part of the evacuation plan.

Dimensions and design features of a fire evacuation plan

The size of the plan depends on the area of ​​the facility, the number of emergency exits and its purpose. Sectional and floor plans have dimensions of 600x400 (A2 format), local - 400x300 (A3 format).

Plans are made only from photoluminescent materials (GOST R 12.2.143-2009). The background should be white, inscriptions and symbols should be black. The minimum font height is 3 mm. Necessary photometric characteristics for manufacturing materials (FES):

• brightness after turning off the lighting devices - from 180 mcd/m² (after 10 minutes) and from 20 mcd/m² (after 60 minutes);
• afterglow (duration) - 24 hours.

Where is the evacuation plan located?

The evacuation plan must be placed in such a way that the view is open from any direction.

Paths to the main emergency exits are marked with a solid green line. Evacuation routes to emergency exits are indicated by a green dashed line. The direction of movement must be indicated using arrows.

How sometimes I am amazed by objects where evacuation plans are printed on a sheet of A4 paper in black and white. Dear entrepreneurs, do not invent extra work for yourself, especially do not give money for preparing evacuation plans that may not be required. Let's look at when it is necessary to develop and post an evacuation plan, and when it is not necessary.

Guiding documents: . . And just a few requirements from Federal Law 123 "TR on TPB"

Let's start looking at documents in order of their importance.

The first will be Federal Law dated July 22, 2008 N 123-FZ (as amended on July 10, 2012) “Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements”

Article 84. Fire safety requirements for systems for warning people about fire and managing the evacuation of people in buildings and structures

2. Information transmitted by fire warning and evacuation management systems must correspond to the information contained in evacuation plans developed and placed on each floor of buildings and structures.

There is no point in posting evacuation plans on each floor and this is not what this article is about. The main requirement of the article is that in case of voice notification, the recorded or dictated text must fully correspond to the actual evacuation plan. In some facilities, the layout and evacuation plan may vary from floor to floor. The Federal Law does not say anything more about evacuation plans.

clause 6. At a facility with a large number of people (except for residential buildings), as well as at a facility with workplaces on the floor for 10 or more people, the head of the organization ensures that there are evacuation plans for people in case of fire.

This is where it gets more interesting. For convenience, we will divide the point into two parts.

The first part is objects with mass occupancy.

At a facility with a large number of people, the head of the organization ensures that there are evacuation plans for people in case of fire. As always, it is written in very two ways.

Consider the case of a large shopping complex. You can decide that:

1. The head of the organization is the manager (owner, proprietor) who is responsible for the ENTIRE facility, ensures the availability of evacuation plans;

2. The head of the organization - any manager (owner of a department, boutique, 1x1m stand) at a facility with a large presence of people ensures that evacuation plans are in place.

If everything is clear in the first option, there is a large shopping complex and there are plans on the walls for evacuating people from this complex in case of fire. Everything is logical and natural.

The second option smacks of insanity, why, for example, should the owner of a boutique develop (order) an evacuation plan for this small premises. In such rooms, no matter how much you want, it is simply impossible to get lost. Moreover, on normal basic plans all these small premises are already indicated (and not small ones either, for example, like huge areas of grocery stores). It would be good if these plans were carried out at least in some accordance with the requirements; more often it is just an A4 piece of paper with non-GOST signs and designations. I can only assume that all these perversions are not the whim of the inspectors, but the demands of the landlords, the owners of the shopping complex. For example, remember in which office space, which is located in an office building, are there plans for evacuating people in case of fire? I don’t think it will be possible to remember such buildings.

The second part is an object with workplaces on the floor for 10 or more people.

If the object is not crowded, then count how many workplaces you have organized on the floor. If less than 10, you don't need an evacuation plan. The same situation is with small stores; if the store is one-story and employs 3-5 people, an evacuation plan for such a store is not needed. I am surprised when I see a high-quality, correct evacuation plan measuring 60x40 cm in a small built-in store. It is not often that there will be 10 people in it together with buyers, and it is worth considering that for an accurate calculation of the number of people at retail facilities, 1 person per 3 square meters is accepted. meter of retail space excluding retail equipment.

The latest document is GOST R 12.2.143-2009. National standard of the Russian Federation. System of occupational safety standards. Photoluminescent evacuation systems. Requirements and control methods. It sets out specific requirements for evacuation plans. I will lay out all the requirements, so it will be easier for you to understand them. I will highlight the main points in bold italics.

6.2 Requirements for evacuation plans

6.2.1 Evacuation plans may be storey , sectional , local and summary (general).

Floor Evacuation plans are developed for the floor as a whole. Sectional Evacuation plans should be developed:

- if the floor area is more than 1000 m;

- if there are several separate emergency exits on the floor, separated from other parts of the floor by a wall or partition;

- if there are sliding, up-and-down and revolving doors, turnstiles on the floor;

- with complex (tangled or long) evacuation routes.

The second copies of floor (sectional) evacuation plans related to one building, structure, vehicle or object are included in the consolidated (general) evacuation plan for the building, structure, vehicle or object as a whole.

Consolidated evacuation plans should be kept by the duty officer and issued upon request by the emergency response manager.

Local evacuation plans should be developed for individual premises (hotel rooms, dormitories, hospital wards, cabins of passenger ships, etc.).

6.2.2 When carrying out reconstruction or redevelopment work on a building, structure, vehicle, or facility, appropriate changes must be made to the evacuation plan.

6.2.3 Evacuation plans must consist of graphic and text parts. The grafical part must include a floor (sectional) layout of a building, structure, vehicle, facility indicating :

a) escape routes;

b) emergency exits and (or) places where life-saving equipment is located;

c) emergency exits, smoke-free staircases, external open stairs, etc.;

d) the location of the evacuation plan itself in a building, structure, vehicle, or facility;

e) locations of life-saving equipment, indicated by safety signs and IMO symbols;

f) locations of fire protection equipment, indicated by fire safety signs and IMO symbols.

Colorographic images of safety signs, IMO symbols and industry-specific safety signs (symbols) on evacuation plans must comply with the requirements of GOST R 12.4.026, IMO Resolutions A.654 (16), A.760 (18) and industry-specific regulatory documents.

Safety signs and symbols may be supplemented with digital, alphabetic or alphanumeric designations.

The height of safety signs and symbols on the evacuation plan should be from 8 to 15 mm; on one evacuation plan they should be made to the same scale.

If it is necessary to specify the features (technical characteristics) of fire protection means indicated on evacuation plans, it is allowed to use conventional graphic symbols in accordance with GOST 28130.

For safety signs, symbols and graphic symbols, explanations of their semantic meaning must be given in the text part of the evacuation plan.

On evacuation floor plans, the graphic part must indicate the floor number.

The text part should state:

- methods of notification of an emergency situation (fire, accident, etc.);

- order and sequence of evacuation of people;

- responsibilities and actions of people, including the procedure for calling fire or emergency rescue units, emergency medical assistance, etc.;

- procedure for emergency stop of equipment, mechanisms, power outage, etc.

- the procedure for manual (backup) activation of fire and emergency automatic systems (installations).

The text part of evacuation plans must contain instructions on actions in emergency situations (in case of fire, accident, etc.), supplemented for clarity with safety signs and symbols.

6.2.4 Dimensions evacuation plans are selected depending on its purpose, room area, number of evacuation and emergency exits:

600x400 mm - for floor and sectional evacuation plans;

400x300 mm - for local evacuation plans.

6.2.5 Evacuation routes leading to the main emergency exits should be marked with a solid green line indicating the direction of travel.

6.2.6 Escape routes leading to emergency exits should be marked with a green dashed line indicating the direction of travel.

6.2.7 Evacuation plans should be based on photoluminescent materials.

6.2.8 The background of the evacuation plan should be yellowish-white or white for photoluminescent materials.

6.2.9 Inscriptions and graphic images on the evacuation plan (except for safety signs and symbols) must be black, regardless of the background.

The font of the inscriptions on the evacuation plan is in accordance with GOST R 12.4.026. Font height - at least 5 mm .

6.2.10 Evacuation plans should be posted on the walls of rooms and corridors, on columns and in strict accordance with the location indicated on the evacuation plan itself.

Brief conclusions:

1. If you are the owner of a facility with a large number of people, there must be an evacuation plan.

2. Boutique owners, office tenants, etc. There is no need to post homemade evacuation plans in your rented premises.

3. If the property you own does not have a large occupancy rate, count the number of WORKPLACES. 10 or more plans are needed, otherwise NO.

The head of an institution and body of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia is obliged to:

...

organize the development of instructions on measures to ensure fire safety on the territory and facilities of the institution, on the actions of the institution’s personnel and prisoners in the event of a fire, as well as plans for their evacuation in case of fire . Provide a fire warning system (installation) for people. These documents must be clearly drawn up and posted on the floors and premises of the institution’s facilities, taking into account the peculiarities of the regimes of detention of convicts;

...

Clause 3.1.2.

For all administrative, industrial, residential, warehouse buildings and structures, plans (schemes) for evacuation of people in the event of a fire and instructions on fire safety measures must be developed and posted in prominent places (requirements for drawing up instructions and evacuation plans are set out in Appendices 1, 2 of these Rules).

Appendix 2.

REQUIREMENTS FOR DRAFTING EVACUATION PLANS

1. In all institutions and bodies of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, the administration must develop plans for the evacuation of people and material assets in the event of a fire. The preparation of evacuation plans must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST R 12.2.143-2002.

2. Evacuation plans are divided into floor, section, local and consolidated (general).

Floor evacuation plans are developed for the floor as a whole.

Sectional plans are developed if:

• floor area more than 1000 sq. m;
• on the floor there are several separate emergency exits, separated from other parts of the floor by a wall (partition);
• on the floor there are sliding, up-and-down and revolving doors, turnstiles;
• escape routes are confusing or long.

Second copies of floor (sectional) evacuation plans related to one building, structure, vehicle or facility should be included in the consolidated (general) evacuation plan for the building, structure, vehicle or facility as a whole.

Consolidated evacuation plans should be kept by the duty officer and issued upon request by the emergency response manager.

Local evacuation plans should be developed for individual premises.

3. An independent evacuation plan is developed for each building, structure or section.

4. Evacuation plans must consist of graphic and text parts.

The graphic part must include the floor (sectional) layout of the building, structure, vehicle, facility, indicating:

• escape routes;
• emergency exits and (or) places where life-saving equipment is located;
• emergency exits, smoke-free stairwells, external open stairs, etc.;
• the location of the evacuation plan itself in a building, structure, vehicle, or facility;
• places where life-saving equipment is located, indicated by safety signs;
• locations of fire protection equipment, indicated by fire safety signs.

Colorographic images of safety signs on evacuation plans must comply with the requirements of GOST R 12.4.026-2001.

Safety signs can be supplemented with digital, alphabetic or alphanumeric designations.

The height of safety signs and symbols on the evacuation plan should be from 8 to 15 mm; on one evacuation plan they should be made to the same scale.

If it is necessary to specify the features (technical characteristics) of fire protection means indicated on evacuation plans, it is allowed to use symbols in accordance with GOST 28130-89.

For safety signs, symbols and graphic symbols, explanations of their semantic meaning must be given in the text part of the evacuation plan.

On evacuation floor plans, the graphic part must indicate the floor number.

The text part of evacuation plans for each option should reflect:

• actions of the institution’s personnel and prisoners in the event of a fire;
• organization of a warning system for the personnel of the institution and convicts about a fire (who makes the decision on the need for evacuation, methods of notification, etc.);
• the number of institution personnel involved in evacuation, the procedure, place and time of collection;
• evacuation routes, traffic order during evacuation, responsibilities of the personnel of the institution involved in the evacuation;
• final destinations, the procedure for placing evacuated convicts, the provision of medical care and the organization of security.

The text part of evacuation plans must contain instructions on actions and emergency conditions (in case of fire, accident, etc.), supplemented for clarity with safety signs and fire safety signs.

5. The dimensions of evacuation plans are chosen to be no less than:

• 600×400 mm - for floor and sectional evacuation plans;
• 400×300 mm - for local evacuation plans.

The size of the evacuation plan is selected depending on its purpose, the area of ​​the room, and the number of emergency exits.

6. Evacuation routes leading to the main emergency exits should be marked with a solid green line indicating the direction of movement.

7. Escape routes leading to emergency exits should be marked with a green dashed line indicating the direction of movement.

8. Evacuation plans should be made based on photoluminescent materials.

It is allowed to use non-luminous materials to carry out evacuation plans, which must comply with the requirements of GOST R 12.4.026-2001 established for non-luminous materials.

9. The background of the evacuation plan should be:

Yellowish-white or white - for photoluminescent materials;

White - for non-luminous materials.

10. Inscriptions and graphic images on the evacuation plan (except for safety signs) must be black, regardless of the background.

The font of the inscriptions on the evacuation plan is in accordance with GOST R 12.4.026-2001. The font height is at least 5 mm.

11. The evacuation plan (graphic and text parts) must be clearly drawn up and posted on the floor or room in strict accordance with the location indicated on the evacuation plan itself, taking into account the peculiarities of the conditions of detention of convicts.

12. In warehouses, in addition to evacuation plans, it is necessary to provide layout diagrams for explosive and fire hazardous, chemical, toxic substances and materials, as well as have lists of these substances and materials indicating their names, properties and quantities.

13. Evacuation plans are developed by the administration of institutions and bodies of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, coordinated with the leadership of management bodies or divisions of higher professional education and approved by the heads of institutions or bodies of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia.

14. Evacuation plans are reviewed at least twice a year. The results are documented in an act indicating the place and time of the event, as well as an assessment of the administration’s actions during the event.

15. When carrying out reconstruction or redevelopment of a building, structure, or facility, appropriate changes should be made to the evacuation plan.

16. Examples of the implementation of plans and the text part are shown in Figures 1 - 3 (hereinafter the figures are not given).

“How to hang it correctly?” This is one of the very popular search queries. And judging by the fact that we see a wide variety of arrangements of evacuation schemes, which are sometimes inexplicable by anything other than the wild imagination of the one who mounted it all on the wall, this question will be popular for a long time.

This whole question can be divided into three questions: where exactly (on what structure, what type) should the graphic representation of traffic routes be mounted and in what place in the building should this be done.

The answers to these questions, in principle, are contained in GOST R. 12.2.143-2009, but not entirely explicitly. It says (clause 4.5.2):

Evacuation plans should be used for: orientation people in a building, structure or object (dormitories, hotels, hospitals, passenger cars, sea (river) vessels, etc.),

This gives us one of the conditions for placing a diagram of the exit from the building in case of fire. Possibility of orientation. If by orientation we mean determining one’s location relative to the elements of the surrounding space, then it is important to ensure that a person correctly perceives information about the elements of the surrounding space.

Correct orientation here means such an arrangement in which it is not mirrored by the person using it. In a simplified form, this can be formulated as follows.

A person looks at the image and sees that the emergency exit is shown on the right in the diagram. Then, looking to the right, the person actually sees the door to which he must go. If the diagram is placed on the opposite wall, then, turning in the indicated direction, a person will see not a door, but a wall (mirror perception), which can lead to disorientation, panic, incorrect actions, and, quite possibly, the consequence of this will be the death of a person. Examples of incorrect placement under this condition are presented in Figures 1-3.

1. Imagine that you are facing this image. Then it is obvious that it is "upside down". According to this document, there is an exit from the reader’s back, but if he turns around, he will see not the exit, but rooms 4 and 3.

the correct location is as follows:

3. Similarly, if a person perceives information in this case, then output 1 will actually be on his right, and “according to plan” - on his left. Those. The floor plan should be oriented like this:

The next paragraph of GOST R 12.2.143-2009 which also regulates this issue is paragraph 6.2.10

“Evacuation plans should be posted on the walls of rooms and corridors, on columns and in strict accordance with the location indicated on the evacuation plan itself.”

There are two conditions here. Firstly: it is clearly stated that placement is only possible on a wall or on a column, and secondly, the norm says what exactly this wall or column should be. Namely, only the one indicated on the plan itself. We gave examples of “wrong” choice of walls just above, and in the following pictures there are incorrect places for placing plans.

4. On the mirror

5. On the door

6. On the closet

7. On a stand

So, we have three “regulatory” conditions to correctly place our fire protection:

1. Providing the ability to “orientate”. (clause 4.5.2 GOST R 12.2.143.2009)

2. Mounting only on the wall and column (clause 6.2.10 GOST R 12.2.143.2009)

3. Compliance with the place indicated as the location on itself (clause 6.2.10 GOST R 12.2.143.2009).

They can also include requirements that are not normative in the modern sense of the word. On our website we have collected almost all the “regulatory legal acts and regulatory documents” regulating such a means of fire protection. Eight of them require "conspicuous" placement. This safety condition is correct and consistent with logic, although it would be useful in the standards to define what a “prominent place” is.

For example, when developing a new GOST, it could look like this:

“Installation should be carried out in a “prominent place”, which should be understood as part of a wall, partition or other building structure of the room at the level not lower than 150 cm (bottom edge) and not higher than 190 cm (top edge) for horizontal installation and not lower than 140 cm (bottom edge) and not higher than 210 cm (top edge) with a vertical installation method and from the level of the finished floor, visually perceptible from any place in this room."

The same requirement also answers a frequently asked question: at what height should an evacuation plan be posted?

As a positive example of detailing the placement of something, one can cite paragraph 1.6 of the NPB “Signal colors. Fire safety signs. Types, sizes, general technical requirements,” which establishes the requirements when choosing the location for installing a fire safety sign:
- the sign must be clearly visible, its perception must not be interfered with by the color of the surrounding background, foreign objects or brightness contrast in artificial or natural light;
- the sign must be within the field of view under the conditions of the most natural (habitual) visual perception of the environment;
- the distance between signs of the same name indicating the location of an exit or fire-fighting equipment should not exceed 60 m;
- the sign must be located in close proximity to the object to which it relates.

Since soon, from March 1, 2017, the evacuation plan, according to the imagination of our rule-makers, will officially represent a “sign” of fire safety, these requirements may be applicable to it, albeit indirectly. Examples of incorrect installation - in Figures 8 - 9

8.1. The height of the bottom edge is about 190 cm

8.2. Reverse cases - 80 cm

9.1., 9.2., 9.3 These plans are definitely not “catchy”

Therefore, although the requirement for a “prominent place” is not normative, nevertheless this condition must be taken into account, since this will allow us to achieve both the preventive and tactical goals of our means of protection.

To do this, it is necessary once again to recall the use of the fire protection means to which our site is dedicated - preventive, aimed at passively teaching people at the site the rules of safe movement in case of fire, and tactical, relating to orienting a person to find the nearest door to the staircase or outside and the routes to get there.

The preventive purpose is achieved by installation in a conspicuous place, near the entrance to the building. A common mistake is to hang them not near the ENTRANCE, but next to the door leading either outside or into the stairwell, i.e. where it is not needed AT ALL, for any purpose (Fig. 10, 11)

10, 11. Why are they needed here at all?

On the one hand, this arrangement does not contradict fire safety requirements. Yes, a beautiful design with arrows and signs catches the eye of everyone who enters the floor, and this is correct from the point of view of fire prevention. A person arriving on the floor will once again pay attention to the beautiful diagram with arrows, perhaps stop and look: where, what and how. Will think about fire safety and how to safely leave the building in case of fire. All this is true, but, on the other hand, does the means of protection in question fulfill its tactical function, with such placement? This is very doubtful: who will look at the diagram to see where the exit is if the door is visible anyway? This error is especially typical for many small stores in shopping centers (see).

Therefore, it is important to place an evacuation plan also in those areas of the building where there are neither visually identifiable exits nor fire safety signs indicating the direction to them. Therefore, we believe that, especially in a building with a complex location of the premises, the emergency traffic diagram in case of fire must be placed not only in a “visible place” near the entrance, but also in that part of the building that is as far as possible from the exits. The best thing about this is that, moving from where, people will reach the safe zone in the same amount of time.

To summarize what has been said, we can formulate the basic principles of placement:

1. In visible, conspicuous places:

1.1. Near the entrance to the floor;

1.2. In places farthest from the exit from the building or floor;

1.3. Thus, to ensure ease of reading.

2. On a wall or column.

3. In such a way that it is possible to navigate the floor using it.

4. Installation in accordance with the location indicated as the installation location for the circuit.

5. In lighted places.