Project on the theme of the world through the eyes of a geographer. Presentation on the world around us "the world through the eyes of a geographer"

Goal of the work: introduce the science that studies the Earth - geography; form an idea of ​​the globe and geographical map; consolidate the ability to work with a map and globe; develop the ability to observe, compare, analyze, draw conclusions.

What is geography? This is earth science. Translated from Greek, “geography” means “description of the earth.” This word was formed from two words: “geo” - Earth and “grapho” - writing.

I would like to add that “geo” is an abbreviation for “Gaia” - that was the name of the Greek goddess of the Earth.

And how does S.I. interpret the word “geography”? Ozhegov?

Geography - a complex of sciences that study the surface of the Earth with its natural conditions, the distribution of population and economic resources on it.

Who are geographers? Geographer is a specialist in geography.

What does geography study? What can modern geography explain to us?

Geography studies the nature of the earth's surface, the population and its economic activities.

Geography explains why the Earth is so round, why there is snow in some areas andothers - hot summer, why in some countries they fish, while in others they extract oil.

What human inventions help us travel around the planet? This is a globe and a geographical map.

What shape does a globe have?

The globe has the shape of a ball, slightly flattened.

What color does it have? Why?

The globe has blue, yellow, brown, green, and white colors. Blue- water, yellow, brown, green - land, white - ice.

Why is a globe called a “ball in a net”? The globe is covered with lines, like a grid.

When rotating, the poles remain in place: north and south.

What can you say about horizontal lines?

The horizontal lines are of different lengths; at the poles they are small rings.

What is the “main belt of the Earth” called?

“The main belt of the earth” is the equator.”

What can you say about vertical lines?

Lesson type: combined

Target

- formation of a holistic picture of the world and awareness of man’s place in it based on the unity of rational-scientific knowledge and the child’s emotional and value-based understanding of his personal experience of communicating with people and nature;

Characteristics of student activities

Understand educational objectives of the lesson, strive to fulfill them.

Compare globe and hemisphere map, find symbols on the map of the hemispheres, discuss the meaning of the globe and maps in the life of mankind, make up a story about geographical objects using a globe and a map of the hemispheres, extract information about geographical objects from additional sources and the Internet and prepare messages about them.

Work with a terminological dictionary.

Formulate conclusions from the studied material, reply to final questions and evaluate achievements in the lesson.

Planned results

Subject (know, be able to)

Know the concept of geography and geographical objects, the history of the creation of maps in the world and in Russia, the globe as a model of the Earth, basic techniques for reading a plan, maps (without scale), continents and oceans, their names, location on the globe and map. Be able to show continents and oceans, mountains, plains, seas on a map, globe.

Metasubject (Regulatory. Cognitive. Communication)

P. - pose and formulate problems, build reasoning in the form of simple judgments about an object, its structure, properties and connections.

R. - carry out final and step-by-step control of the result.

K. - formulate one’s own opinion and position and coordinate it with the positions of the porters in cooperation in developing a common solution in joint activities. Ask questions, seek help.

Personal results

The motivational basis of educational activities, including educational and cognitive motives.

Basic concepts and definitions

Geography. Geographical objects. Globe. Map

Preparing to learn new material

Let's find out what the science of geography studies. We will learn to talk about the world from the point of view of a geographer, use a globe and a map to obtain information about the Earth.

Remember what a globe and a map are. Think about why you need to be able to use them.

Try to talk about the world from a geographer's point of view. Use words for this: continents, oceans, plains, mountains, rivers, lakes, countries, cities, peoples. Listen to the other guys. As a class, write the most complete story possible.

Learning new material

Geography- one of the geosciences. The name of this science translated from Greek means “land description”. It was formed from two words: “ge” - Earth and “grapho” - writing. Geography is a very ancient science. Geographers and travelers have been exploring and describing our planet for thousands of years.

WHAT DOES GEOGRAPHY STUDY?

From the point of view of a geographer, the world is the Earth, a huge planet with continents and oceans, plains and mountains, rivers and lakes, forests and deserts, with many cities, countries, peoples. Geography studies the nature of the earth's surface, the population and its economic activities.

Although the name of the science translates as “earth-description,” modern geography not only describes the Earth, but also explains why it is the way it is. Why, for example, in some areas of the planet there is snow all year round, while in others there are evergreen forests. Why is fishing the main source of income in some countries, while oil production is the main source of income in others...

How interesting it is to follow geographers on a journey around our planet! A globe and a geographical map will help with this.

As the Earth was studied, more and more appeared on globes and maps. geographical objects- continents, islands, seas, rivers, lakes, etc., and their image became more and more correct.

Modern geographical maps are very diverse. For example, there is a distinction between physical and political maps. In addition, some maps show the surface of the entire Earth, while others show only some part of it.

Comprehension and understanding of acquired knowledge

1.Remember what types of geographic maps you have already worked with. What is shown on the physical map, on the political map?

2.Compare the globe and hemisphere map(pp. 24-25). What are their similarities? What is the difference? How does the map of the hemispheres differ from the map of the world you already know?

3.Remember the symbols of geographical maps. Find them on the map of the hemispheres.

4.Remember the rules for displaying on a wall map. Demonstrate your ability to show on a map at the board.

5.Tell about the Earth using a globe and a map of the hemispheres. Compare the globe and the map as sources of information. The more convenient it is to use

Very interesting map of the hemispheres! It depicts two halves of the globe - the hemisphere, western and eastern. It’s as if the globe was divided in half and transferred to a sheet of paper! This map conveys the shape of the Earth better than a regular world map. Therefore, the outlines of continents and other images on it are more accurate.

When working with cards, pay attention to them scale. The scale shows what distance on the ground corresponds to each centimeter on the map.

Read the text. Use this information when talking about geographic maps

One of the first geographical maps of Russia was created more than 400 years ago. It was called “The Big Drawing”. It showed 400 cities, 880 rivers, about 60 lakes. Unfortunately, the map itself has not survived. But a book with its description has been preserved - “The Book of the Big Drawing.” It tells in detail about the nature and economy of Russia at that time.

Let's discuss!

One geographer wrote the following words: “Undoubtedly, maps belong to the great creations of human thought.” Do you agree with this statement? How do you explain it?

check yourself

1.What does geography study? 2. What can you find out using a globe and a geographical map?

3.What do you know about the history of the creation of the globe and geographical maps? 4. Prove with examples that modern geographical maps are very diverse.

Conclusion

Geography studies the nature of the earth's surface, the population and its economic activities. In geography, the globe and geographical map are widely used, which are rightfully considered one of the most remarkable inventions of mankind.

Worldeyesgeographer -1

Geography- a complex of sciences that study the surface of the Earth with its natural conditions, the distribution of population and economic resources on it. This is a very ancient science; the word “geography” translated from Greek means “description of the earth.” This word was formed from two: “ge” (short for “Gaia” - that was the name of the Greek goddess of the Earth) - Earth and “grapho” - I write.

Geographers are engaged in describing the Earth, explaining, for example, why there is snow in some areas and hot summers in others, why they fish in some countries and oil is extracted in others.

The globe and the map are two wonderful geographical inventions (Fig. 2, 3).

Rice. 2. Globe

Rice. 3. Map

About 2.5 thousand years ago the first geographical map appeared. It was created by the ancient Greek scientist Anaximander (Fig. 5). It had the shape of a circle, depicting Greece in the center, surrounded by other states known at that time. All the land was surrounded by the ocean (Fig. 4).

Rice. 4. Map of Anaximander ()

Rice. 5. Anaximander ()

In 1492, the German geographer Martin Beheim (Fig. 7) created the first globe that has survived to this day, which he called the “earth apple” (Fig. 6). There were no North and South Americas on it; they had not yet been discovered.

Rice. 6. Boeheim's "Earth Apple"

globe- a model of the Earth, having a spherical shape. It shows the oceans in blue; green, yellow, brown - land; white - ice (Fig. 8).

You can see on the globe oceans: Pacific, Indian, Atlantic, Arctic and Southern, which merge together into a single world ocean that washes the entire globe. You can also find on the globe six continents: Eurasia, Africa, Australia, Antarctica, North America, South America.

The point where the axis leaves the globe from above (this axis is imaginary for the Earth) is called North geographic pole, and the bottom point is South geographic pole of the Earth(Fig. 9).

Rice. 9. Rotation of the Earth around an imaginary axis

If you look at the globe more closely, you will see that circular lines are drawn along its surface (Fig. 10).

Rice. 10. Lines on the globe

Lines on a globe or map, conventionally drawn along the surface of the Earth from one pole to another, are called meridians. All meridians have the same length. Zero conditionally considered meridian, which passes through the oldest astronomical observatory in the city of Greenwich in the UK (Fig. 11).

Rice. 11. Greenwich Observatory

The Greenwich Prime Meridian line divides the globe into Western and Eastern Hemispheres(Fig. 12).

Rice. 12. Western and Eastern Hemispheres

At an equal distance from the poles runs a conventional line called equator. It conventionally divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres(Fig. 13).

Rice. 13. Northern and Southern Hemispheres

Parallels are drawn on globes and maps parallel to the equator, all of them are directed from west to east.

The longest parallel is the equator (about 40 thousand kilometers), the length of other parallels decreases towards the poles, and at the pole it turns into a point. Intersecting, imaginary lines - parallels and meridians - form a degree grid, which helps to accurately determine the location of a particular earthly object.

More than 400 years ago, the first map of Russia was drawn up, which was called the “Big Drawing”. It was a very detailed map, it showed 400 cities, 800 rivers, about 60 lakes. Unfortunately, the map has not been preserved.

As new continents, oceans, and seas were discovered, the maps also changed.

Map is a drawing of the surface of the earth, a celestial body or the starry sky. On the physical map and the map of the hemispheres, as on the globe, you can see continents and oceans (Fig. 14).

Rice. 14. Physical map of Eurasia ()

Countries are shown on the political map of the world (Fig. 15).

Rice. 15. Political map of Eurasia ()

There are maps that show individual continents, countries and even regions. When working with any map, it is important to consider its scale.

Scale- this is the ratio of the length of lines on a map or drawing to the actual length. The scale of the physical map of Russia tells us that every centimeter of the map corresponds to 200 km on the ground (Fig. 16).

Rice. 16. Physical map of Russia ()

Bibliography

1. Vakhrushev A.A., Danilov D.D. The world around us 3. - M.: Ballas.
2. Dmitrieva N.Ya., Kazakov A.N. The world around us 3. - M.: Publishing House "Fedorov".
3. Pleshakov A.A. The world around us 3. - M.: Enlightenment.

1. Prezentacii.com ().
2. Ikt.oblcit.ru ().
3. Shack.ru ().

Homework

Restore the story:

A model of the Earth is called.... And a conventional image of the Earth's surface on a plane is called.... There are many types of geographical maps. This is.... On the physical map it is indicated in blue..., brown, yellow, green - ..., white - .... Each card has its.....

Complete the drawing by signing the names of the lines (see figure).

Prepare a memo with the rules for working with cards.

Lesson on the surrounding world, grade 4, educational complex “School of Russia” Topic: The world through the eyes of a geographer. Globe and geographical map. Sharshukova Vera Anatolyevna, primary school teacher of MAOUSOSH No. 8 in Staraya Russa Topic: The world through the eyes of a geographer. Globe and geographical map. Purpose of the lesson: Formation of a general idea of ​​geography as a science. Objectives of the lesson: to introduce students to the science that studies the Earth - geography, to form an idea of ​​the globe and a geographical map. Strengthen the ability to work with a map and globe; develop the ability to observe, compare, analyze, draw conclusions. Check homework “The starry sky is the great book of nature. Whoever manages to read it, the countless treasures of the cosmos around us will be revealed.” Homework check What are the names of these constellations and stars? 1 - Canis Major star Sirius 3 - Bootes star Arcturus 2 - Ursa Minor Polaris 4 - Ursa Major Checking homework Test 1. The galaxy in which we live is called... a) The Andromeda Nebula; b) Large Magellanic Cloud; c) Milky Way. 2. A star is... a) a hot ball of gas; b) a cold ball consisting of solids. 3. Constellations are... a) groups of stars that change their shape; b) groups of stars that do not change their outlines. Homework check Test 4. The star Sirius is located in the constellation... a) Scorpio; b) Ursa Major; c) Canis Major; d) Taurus. 5. The North Star is always in... a) south; b) north; c) west; d) east. 6. The brightest stars have... color: a) red; b) yellow; c) blue; d) white. Homework check Answers to the test 1. The galaxy in which we live is called the Milky Way. 2. A star is a hot ball of gas. 3. Constellations are groups of stars that do not change their outlines. 4.The star Sirius is located in the constellation Canis Major. 5. The polar star is always in the north. 6.The brightest stars are blue. The MILKY WAY is a hazy glow in the night sky from the billions of stars in our Galaxy. The band of the Milky Way encircles the sky in a wide ring. The Milky Way is especially visible away from city lights. In the Northern Hemisphere, the best time to view the Milky Way is around midnight in July, 10 pm in August, or 8 pm in September. As we follow the Milky Way's shimmering streak north or northeast, we pass the W-shaped constellation Cassiopeia and head toward the bright star Capella. The world through the eyes of a geographer Geography is the science of the Earth Translated from Greek, “geography” means “description of the earth.” This word was formed from two words: “ge” - Earth and “grapho” - I’m writing.) “ge” is an abbreviation for “Gaia” - that was the name of the Greek goddess of the Earth The world through the eyes of a geographer Geography is a complex of sciences that study the surface of the Earth with its natural conditions, distribution of population and economic resources on it. Geographer is a specialist in geography. Globe and geographical map Questionnaire: What shape does a globe have? What color does it have? Why? Why is a globe called a “ball in a net”? Which two points on the globe remain in place when it rotates? What can you say about horizontal lines? What is the “main belt of the Earth” called? What can you say about vertical lines? Globus Boeheim Martin (10/6/1459, Nuremberg, - 7/29/1507, Lisbon), German geographer and traveler. In 1492, Boeheim made the globe “Earth Apple” with a diameter of 0.54 m. Geographical map A geographic map is a conventional image of the surface of our Earth on a plane. Globe Restore the story: The model of the Earth is called a globe. A model of the Earth is called.... And a conventional image of the Earth's surface on a plane And a conventional surface is called an image of a geographic map. Earths on a plane are called.... There are many types of geographical maps. There are many types of geographical maps. physical, political, environmental. This... . On the physical physical map, the map in blue is indicated in blue, water, in brown, white - ... .– glaciers. brown, yellow, yellow, green green -..., - land, white Each Each map has its own... scale. If whenwhen you hold If you work you work at the wall wall map, cards, stop stand..., on the right, the pointer in the right and..., hand, when and the pointer in the left pointer in you hold the pointer in the hand, in the right left, when in the left. Homework Page 22-29. Answer the “Test yourself” questions. Complete tasks 1, 2.

Topic: The world through the eyes of a geographer.

Goals:- To introduce the science that studies the Earth - geography;

Form an idea of ​​the globe and geographical map;

Strengthen the ability to work with a map and globe;

Develop the ability to observe, compare, analyze, and draw conclusions.

Equipment: tests for everyone, cards for individuals. works, Ozhegov's dictionary, globe, story for working in pairs, globe diagrams, notebook.

Slide 2. Today we will look at the world around us through the eyes of geographers, find out what geography is and what it studies. But first, we'll find out how you did at home.

Slide 4.5. Test.

Individual work using cards.

(Canis Major, Sirius; Ursa Minor, Polaris; Bootes, Arcturus).

Explain the words of the astronomer: “The starry sky is the great book of nature. Whoever manages to read it will discover the countless treasures of the cosmos around us.”

You and I are residents of the Milky Way galaxy, this is where our home is located - planet Earth.

Slide 7. Today we will look at the world through the eyes of geographers. Let's find out what geography is. Read what is said about this on p. 22 of our textbook.

"Ge" is an abbreviation for the word "Gaia" - the name of the Greek goddess of the Earth. Slide 8. And here is how Ozhegov interprets the word “geography”.

Who are geographers?

What does geography study? Our assistant, the textbook, will tell us about this. (pp. 22, 23) What can modern geography explain to us? What human inventions help us travel around the planet?

Let's get to know them better.

The questionnaire that is on your desk will help us tell you about the globe. Slide 9.

Now put the globe diagrams in front of you. Slide 10.

Let's work with her. Each line on the globe has its own name. You have already said that the “main belt of the Earth” is the equator; it is also called the “longest parallel”. What are the other horizontal lines called? How are they located relative to each other? (parallels)

The vertical lines connecting the poles are called meridians.

Continents and oceans are indicated on the globe. How many oceans are there on the globe? (4: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic)

What can you say about the continents? (6: Eurasia, Africa, Australia, Antarctica, North America, South America)

The globe was not always the same as it is now. Read about him on p. 24 of your textbook. Slide 11. Who was the creator of the first globe? When was this, and what did the scientist call his creation? How was the globe different from the modern one? As the Earth was studied, more and more geographical objects appeared on the globe. Is it convenient to travel around the globe with a globe? This means another assistant is needed. Slide 12. What types of geographical maps do you know? (physical map of Russia, political map of the world, environmental map) What is a “geographic map”? write the definition in your notebook. Let's compare the globe and the map of the hemispheres. Slide 13. What do they have in common? What's the difference?

Read about the first card in the textbook p. 24. Slide 14.

It is no coincidence that the map is called the “Map of the Hemispheres”. Halves are hemispheres. Open page 27 of the textbook. Pay attention to the scale. It shows how many kilometers on the ground correspond to 1 cm on the map.

physical minute

Work in pairs. Restore the story. Slide 15.

What does the science of geography study?

Complete tasks No. 1, 2, 3 (study p. 29)

Notebook p. 9 No. 3