Administrative divisions of Canada. Canada is divided into ten provinces and three territories.
Provinces of Canada:

Alberta— The fourth largest province is named after Princess Alberta. Alberta's population is around or slightly over 3 million. Alberta became a province of Canada in 1905.

In the photo: the capital of Alberta is the city of Edmonton.. The largest cities are Edmonton, the provincial capital, and Calgary. In total, their population is about 900 thousand people. These are mainly immigrants from Great Britain, Germany, Ukraine, France, Scandinavian countries and Holland. There are much more of the former: up to 44%.
The province is rich in natural resources and is a major producer of natural gas, oil and coal. It’s not for nothing that it is also called Energy Province.

Forests cover more than half of the territory. Alberta is the second largest wheat producing province. It is one of the three so-called “farming provinces”. These are Alberta, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Up to 75% of Canada's farms are located here. For emigrants, the low cost of living is attractive: cheaper than in Toronto, Ottawa, Montreal, Vancouver; low taxes (provincial sales tax = 0), training and employment programs.

In the photo: Dog Lake in the British province. Canada.
British Columbia is the westernmost and most mountainous province of Canada. Became a province of Canada in 1871. It is home to more than four million residents, most of whom live in the Vancouver area and in Victoria, the provincial capital.
To the north it borders the Yukon, Northern Territories and Alaska. Its southern neighbor is the American states of Washington, Idaho and Montana. In the east it is separated from Canadian Alberta by the Rocky Mountains.

Vancouver is Canada's third largest city and the country's gateway to the Pacific Ocean, the largest dry cargo port in North America. British Columbia is rich in timber, gold, lead, copper, zinc, coal, oil, and gas. It ranks second in oil production, after Alberta. Mostly people from Great Britain live here. The largest community of Chinese (more than 100 thousand people) is also located here, with many immigrants from India and Japan.

Photo: Manitoba Hydro's Open Book Building. Canada. Winnipeg.
Manitoba
The capital is Winnipeg with a population of about 700 thousand people. Manitoba was granted provincial status in Canada in 1870. Located in the center of Canada, the terrain is flat. The province of Manitoba is one of the three “prairie provinces”. The main direction of development is agriculture. Population is about 1 million 150 thousand people. More than 40% of the population are from Great Britain. Other significant ethnic groups are Germans, Ukrainians (more than 10%), Poles, Russian Mennonites.

Provinces of Canada

Alberta

Alberta is home to 3.2 million Canadians whose roots are not easily traced. Until the 1880s, the province was inhabited mainly by indigenous North Americans, but they were later outnumbered by settlers from Western European countries. In 1881, there were barely a thousand Europeans living in what would become Alberta. Ten years later their number exceeded 17.5 thousand. During a wave of immigration in the 1890s and 1920s, encouraged by the Canadian government, immigrants from European countries arrived in the province, resulting in a population of nearly 585,000 in 1921.

After the Second World War the situation changed dramatically. Since the early 60s of the 20th century, people from most countries of the world, including Asia and the Caribbean, have settled in Alberta. Today, only 44% of Albertans are descendants of British settlers; other major ethnic groups are Germans, Ukrainians, French, Scandinavians and Danes. According to the 1991 census, about 150 thousand residents of the province were representatives of the northern peoples or mestizos. A few ethnic groups make up the remaining 24% of the population. English is spoken in Alberta.

Approximately two-thirds of the province's population is under forty years of age, making Alberta one of the youngest provinces in the developed world. This, in particular, is facilitated by the high level of immigration of young professionals from other countries of the world. About 80% of all Albertans live in cities and suburbs, with more than half living in the province's two largest cities, Edmonton (the capital) and Calgary.

British Columbia

Most British Columbians are descendants of early settlers from the British Isles, but the province's population of 4.2 million is made up of immigrants from almost every nationality. More than 100 thousand residents of the province are descendants of thousands of Chinese who took part in the construction of the railway in British Columbia at the end of the 19th century. In addition to this, more than 60 thousand residents of the province are from India, and about 16 thousand are from Japan.

The number of representatives of the indigenous population of the mainland has begun to grow significantly in recent years and in 1991 exceeded 165 thousand people.

British Columbia continues to attract immigrants, with more than 40,000 people settling in the province each year, giving it a population of more than 4 million—12% of Canada's total population. Almost 60% of all residents live in Victoria (the provincial capital) and Vancouver and their suburbs. Vancouver has 1.8 million residents and is Canada's third largest city.

Manitoba

For many years, the population of Manitoba consisted mainly of immigrants from the British Isles, but new immigration policies have changed the balance of nationalities and now representatives of most peoples of the world can be found in the province. Manitoba also has a large population of French-speaking Canadians.

Although Manitoba is one of the most sparsely populated provinces in Canada, with a population of 1 million 173 thousand people, it is an important center of several ethnic groups. For example, Manitoba has the largest number of Ukrainians outside of Ukraine. More than 115 thousand inhabitants of the province are Indians or mestizos.

About 60% of Manitoba's total population lives in the capital city of Winnipeg. The second largest city, Brandon, is located in the southwest of the province.

New Brunswick

The population of New Brunswick exceeds 751 thousand people. It is home to about 35% of French-speaking Canadians and is Canada's only officially bilingual province.

New Brunswick's first settlers came from France, England, Scotland and Ireland, and later from Germany, the Scandinavian countries and Asia. The municipality of New Denmark boasts the largest Danish colony in North America.

The Indians in the province number only 12 thousand people.

The coast and river valleys of the province are especially populated; St. John is the province's largest city, followed by Moncton and Fredericton, the capital of New Brunswick.

New Earth

Residents of Novaya Zemlya (516.9 thousand people) are the ancestors of people from southwestern England and southern Ireland who immigrated to the province in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Land development was largely dependent on fishing grounds, and this pattern continues to this day: the Avalon Peninsula and the northwestern part of Novaya Zemlya remain the most populated areas of the province.

St. John, the capital of the island, is the largest city in the province with a population exceeding 172 thousand people.

Nova Scotia

More than 80% of the population of Nova Scotia consider themselves descendants of the inhabitants of the British Isles. In second place are the French with about 18% of the population, while the remaining 2% are made up of ethnic Germans, Danes, Poles, Italians and Jews. Due to immigration, the number of Chinese, immigrants from Asia, Africa and Eastern Europe is growing.

About 22 thousand residents of Nova Scotia are Indians.

The population of Nova Scotia is -938 thousand people. About 320 thousand of all residents of the province live in Halifax and its suburbs, and approximately 116 thousand in Sydney.

Northwest Territories

Today, about 43 thousand people live in the Northwest Territories, of which only 48% belong to the northern peoples. Most of the territory's residents live in small communities. Yellowknife, the territory's capital, has only 15 thousand inhabitants.

Ontario

Since 1779, waves of settlers from England, Scotland, and Ireland followed each other, exploring new territory in the St. Lawrence River Valley and populating the country. To this day, immigration plays an important role in the growth of Ontario's population and prosperity, which now houses large groups of Italian, German, Chinese, Danish, Portuguese, Indian and Polish ancestry.

In 1991, there were almost 250 thousand Indians and mestizos in the province.

Ontario is the most populous province in Canada, with approximately 12.4 million people. Although English is the most widely spoken language in Ontario, Francophones play an important role in the cultural life of the province and are the largest linguistic minority.

Prince Edward Island

In 1996, the population of Prince Edward Island was just over 138 thousand people. Of this number, 62% live in rural areas. Charlottetown, with a population of 33 thousand people, is the only city.

Approximately 80% of the population is descended from the Irish and Scots. About 15% are French by nationality, but only 5% of the province's population speaks French as their mother tongue.

The island's population is quite young; 38% of all residents are under 25 years of age.

Quebec

Of the seven and a half (7.560) million inhabitants, five are French, a total of 350 thousand are from the British Isles and about 137 thousand are Indians and mestizos.

Italians and people from Eastern Europe make up the largest national minorities in Quebec, but since the 1960s there has been a significant increase in the influx of immigrants from Portugal, Haiti, Latin America and Southeast Asia. Since the end of World War II, more than 650 thousand immigrants from 80 countries have moved to Quebec, especially to the province's largest city, Montreal.

83% of Quebec residents speak French, and about 17% speak English.

Saskatchewan

The Métis, descendants of Europeans and Indians, were among the first settlers in the province, many of whom moved to Saskatchewan from Manitoba. Thanks to cheap land, agriculture gradually replaced the fur trade. A significant wave of immigration to the province began in 1899 and ended in 1929.

Today the population of the province is 996 thousand people. Saskatchewan is the only province in Canada where the majority of residents are not descendants of the British or Canadians. The largest ethnic groups are Germans, Ukrainians, Scandinavians, Danes, Poles and Russians.

Regina and Saskatoon are the province's two largest cities, home to almost a third of Saskatchewan's total population.

Yukon

The vast forests of the Yukon have long been inhabited by the Athapaskans, whose cultural and linguistic traditions date back at least a thousand years. Today, only six tribes of Athapaskan Indians survive: the Kutchin, Khan, Tutchone, Tlingit, Kaska and Tagish.

About 31 thousand people live in the Yukon. 23% of the territory's inhabitants are Indians. Almost 60% of the total population lives in Whitehorse, the territory's capital.

Population density by province and territory:

Canada is one of the most popular countries among immigrants. The entire state is divided into provinces and territories. How many provinces are there in Canada? Which one is the biggest? What features do Canadian provinces have?

Canada and its government

The state, which is located in North America and is the second largest in the world, is Canada. Its border with the United States is considered the longest common border. In addition to America, Canada's neighbors are the overseas territories of France and Denmark. Canada's motto is: “From sea to sea,” because it is surrounded by the Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic oceans.

The Canadian government combines features of the American and English government systems. The country is headed by a monarch, who holds executive power in the state. Now this is the British Queen Elizabeth II, since the country is part of the British Commonwealth. The official who is authorized to represent the Queen in Canada is Governor General David Lloyd Johnston.

Canada adopted from America only provinces instead of states. The head of state, represented by the queen, is only a formality. In practice, important decisions for the country are made either by the prime minister - the head of government, or by individual ministers.

Provinces

Canada's provinces and territories differ in that provinces have greater rights. Power in Canada is decentralized and operates according to federal principles. The state is divided into ten provinces and 3 territories. What provinces are there in Canada? Their list looks like this:

• Quebec.
• Ontario.
• British Columbia.
• Alberta.
• Saskatchewan.
• Manitoba.
• Newfoundland and Labrador.
• New Brunswick.
• Nova Scotia.
• Prince Edward Island.

The powers of the provinces of Canada are vested in the Constitutional Act, which has been in force since 1867. They are mini-states. Each of them has its own lieutenant governor and parliament, its own courts, etc. On the advice of the Prime Minister, the Lieutenant Governor appoints ministers. Deputies representing the legislature are elected through a majority voting system.

The provincial government is responsible for health care programs, social programs, civil rights, justice, and private property rights in the provinces. It can also regulate taxes within its province.

Canadian territories

Territories in Canada are administrative units that receive rights from the federal Canadian government. They are allowed to have their own legislative assembly, but they are subject to the Governor General of the country and the Commissioner of the House of Commons.

Territories:

• Nunavut.
• Northwest Territories.
• Yukon.

The functions of lieutenant governors in Canadian territories are performed by commissioners. Although they most likely represent not the queen, but the federal government of the country.

There is a political movement that seeks to change the status of the territories and transfer them to the status of provinces.

Languages ​​in Canada

Canada is a country where indigenous languages ​​coexist alongside immigrant languages. Such proximity creates conditions for the emergence of hybrid or mixed languages, as well as various dialects. Over the past 50 years, the Government of Canada has increasingly supported the various non-official languages ​​of the Canadian population.

English and French, due to historical circumstances, are the most common. These are the official languages ​​of the state. According to some data, the number of English speakers in Canada is about 20 million people, French speakers - about 6 million people. Among other languages ​​of the country, the most popular are Chinese, Punjabi, Spanish, Italian and Ukrainian.

About 2% of the population speaks two or more languages ​​within their family, the remaining 98 percent speak only one language. Approximately 200,000 Canadians speak at least one of the 25 most widely spoken indigenous languages. The most common of them are the Cree, Ojibba, Inuktitut, Innu, and Dene languages.

French province of Canada

In spoken language and office work, English dominates in almost all provinces of Canada. The only province where almost 90% of the population speaks French is the province of Quebec. Canada is only bilingual at the highest levels of government. This is explained by the fact that the French settled Canadian territories later than the British. After the British takeover of New France, Francophones were often persecuted by the English-speaking population and were even deported.

Quebec is the largest province of Canada with the capital of the same name. Montreal is the largest city in the province. More than eight million inhabitants live here. The city is completely surrounded by two rivers - the St. Lawrence River and the Ottawa River - and is an island. In its historical center, many architectural monuments have been preserved; there are more than three hundred churches here alone.

Province of Ontario

The second largest province after Quebec is Ontario. Canada is known to be a multicultural country, and Ontario reflects this with its diversity of ethnic groups. More than forty percent of the province's residents identify themselves as belonging to several ethnic groups at the same time. The most populous province is Ontario.

Canada borders the United States, and the border with Ontario is the longest. It is mostly natural, as it runs through a network of lakes and rivers. It is the only province that borders the Great Lakes. There are more than 500 thousand lakes in Ontario. The province also contains the largest freshwater island, Manitoulin. There are 108 lakes on this island alone. One of the striking attractions is also Niagara Falls, the most popular waterfall in the whole world. Its height is 53 meters. From the Canadian side, watching the waterfall is much more colorful and interesting than from the American side.

Newfoundland and Labrador

The first overseas province of Great Britain was the island of Newfoundland. It later became the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Currently, almost the entire population lives on the island. The province has a unique ethnic composition, as the island is home to descendants of Southern Ireland and South West England - representatives of the oldest group of settlers. The island's population, unlike residents of other Canadian provinces, was not influenced by immigrants, which helped preserve the old English dialect and traditions.

These places attract tourists with their color and unusualness, so folklore festivals are periodically organized here. Lodges of secret societies and brotherhoods common in the 19th-20th centuries have been preserved in the province. Newfoundland and Labrador has three national parks and several historical parks. The latter contain the sites of the first Viking settlements and monuments of Indian culture.

Nova Scotia

Nova Scotia is among the provinces called "Canada's Maritime Provinces." It is a peninsula surrounded by the waters of three oceans. The first colonists of this province were the French. Then these places were called Acadia, or “peaceful land.” The land was christened Nova Scotia much later, when the British, led by William Alexander, sailed to reclaim it. There are now more than 80 different ethnic groups living in the province.

In a relatively small area there are two national parks, one of which has the interesting and unpronounceable name Kejimkuji. The landscapes of the province are incredibly beautiful. Nova Scotia shares the Bay of Fundy with the province of New Brunswick. The bay is famous for its extraordinary tides. The level sometimes differs by 14 meters. The tide turns into low tide in about 6 hours, this happens every day, which attracts a huge number of tourists to the region.

British Columbia

Vancouver is the largest city in the western province of Canada. As in the province, most of the population are descendants of the first settlers. True, immigrants here make up a fairly large number (about 5 million), so it is much more difficult for local residents to maintain their identity.

Most of the province is occupied by areas with untouched wilderness. There are 14 protected natural sites and national parks on its territory. Many species of animals rare in North America are found here, such as various varieties of bears, cougars, deer, coyotes, and marmots.

Conclusion

Canada is a multicultural country. Formally, the British Queen is considered the head of Canada, although she does not take direct part in governing the state. The whole country is divided into provinces and territories, which operate on the principle of a federation and have sufficient independence.

Alberta is a Canadian province created by the work, energy and enterprise of immigrants. Together we can build a dynamically developing and prosperous province.
Alberta warmly welcomes guests. Come to us and you will appreciate the beauty and rich potential of our province. Alberta offers it all: business and investment opportunities, an enviable quality of life, vast spaces and great prospects for prosperity for future generations.
Alberta is a unique place to live, work and do business. It is distinguished from other provinces by the fastest pace of economic development. And the unemployment rate here is the lowest in Canada, at only 4.4%.

Briefly about Albert

More than 3.2 million people live in urban and rural areas of Alberta. The majority of the population is concentrated in the cities of Edmonton and Calgary, two cosmopolitan centers of the province with developed international relations. These modern and safe cities with spacious, affordable homes are ideal for family life and raising children. Alberta is the only province in Canada that does not have a provincial goods and services tax.
We invite you to come and see for yourself all that Alberta has to offer. You can count on our help from the moment you first get acquainted with our province until the day you settle with us. We are confident that Alberta will be your ideal place to live and work.

Quebec
Capital: Quebec
Population: over 7 million people

Quebec "La Belle Province" is the largest province in Canada. Its area is three times the area of ​​France and seven times that of Great Britain and is about one and a half million square meters. km. Almost 80% of Quebec's population lives in large cities along the banks of the St. Lawrence River. Among them are the two most famous and famous cities in Canada: Montreal and Quebec, where the only fortress wall in North America and an entire area of ​​ancient buildings (the Latin Quarter) have been preserved.

French is the mother tongue of 82% of Quebecers. However, since 1986, the majority of Quebec's population growth has come mainly from people from other countries. However, according to local law, official paperwork in public and private companies must be conducted only in French; Store windows and labels on products are also written in French.

The origin also affects the way of life of the province: exquisite French restaurants, cafes, shops, places for entertainment - an integral element of city life. Quebec City hosts the largest winter festival in the world, Carnival, famous for its Bon Homme mascot and ice castles.

Ontario
Capital: Toronto
Population: over 10 million people

Ontario is the industrial and financial center of the country, as well as the home of the famous Niagara Falls. The capital of Canada, Ottawa, is located here. The second largest province in Canada, Ontario covers an area of ​​1.1 million square meters. km., there are more than 500 thousand lakes in the province, the total length of the rivers flowing here is 60 thousand km. Ontario is larger in area than France and Spain combined.

The main attraction of Ontario is Niagara Falls - this miracle of water falling from 57 meters is an incomparable spectacle. Not far from the waterfalls is the city of Stratford, where the annual Shakespeare festivals are held. One of the cultural centers of Ontario is the city of London, located on the banks of the Canadian River Thames.

British Columbia
Capital: Victoria
Population: over 3.3 million people

British Columbia is the westernmost province of Canada and, in terms of landscape, one of the most mountainous regions of North America. Due to its location on the Pacific coast, this province is considered Canada's gateway to the Pacific and Asian regions. The climate here is relatively mild - crocuses already begin to bloom in February.

This part of Canada has a diverse population. A quarter of all residents are of purely British origin, descendants of the French - only about 6%. Most of the representatives of other countries, for example, more than 60,000 residents are from India, and 16,000 are from Japan.

One of the cities, Vancouver, is the largest dry cargo port on the Pacific Coast of North America and the third largest city in Canada. Vancouver is also notable for being home to the second largest Chinese community in North America.

Among the attractions of the province, we can mention the world famous, largest ski resort in the world on Mount Whistler. History buffs will be interested in Vancouver's Gastown, one of the city's oldest districts; the city of Barkerville, which at the beginning of the century found itself at the very center of the gold rush. For lovers of outdoor activities, this province is a real find. Activities include hiking, sailing, river rafting, cycling and canoeing along the Bowron Chain of Lakes. The evergreen Butchat Gardens in the capital of Victoria are another wonder worth visiting. In general, Victoria is such a well-groomed and comfortable city for living that even retirees from the UK move here, who certainly cannot complain about unsuitable conditions in their home country.

Alberta
Capital: Edmonton
Population: over 2 million people

Alberta received provincial status in 1905, before which it was a county named after the daughter of Queen Victoria of England. Alberta, like British Columbia, is located in the west of Canada and borders it. The territory is 60,000 square meters. km. In the east, Alberta borders the province of Saskatchewan, in the north - with the Northwest Territories, and in the south - with Montana (USA).

Alberta is rich in energy, forestry and agricultural resources that support the province's growth and prosperity. Alberta is the most dynamically developing province in Canada. Rapid growth was made possible by the development of the oil industry - more than 85% of all Canadian oil and natural gas is produced here.

Alberta is known for the world-famous exhibition and festival in Calgary and Stampede - during the 10 days that the exhibition lasts, you can try on “Western” jeans and cowboy boots, take part in races, ride bulls, and in the evening admire fireworks. Alberta is also home to the West Edmond Mall, the largest shopping and entertainment center in Canada, which includes a hotel, water park, casino, bars, etc. Nature lovers will find the beauty of the Rocky Mountains in Banff and Jasper National Parks.

Saskatchewan
Capital: Regina
Population: about 1 million people

The word “prairie,” familiar from the books of Fenimore Cooper and Mine Reed, fully reflects the natural uniqueness of the province of Saskatchewan. The shape of the territory of Saskatchewan is almost a regular rectangle, with an area of ​​651,900 square meters. km. There are many crystal clear lakes in the northern province.

Saskatchewan is home to the headquarters of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police and the Police Museum. City life in the capital and city of Saskatoon is very lively, with music festivals of various types taking place here. The most famous festival is the Big Valley Jamboree.

Manitoba
Capital: Winnipe
Population: over 1 million people

Manitoba is called the "sunshine capital of Canada." This is one of three provinces located on endless prairie territories. It borders Ontario, Saskatchewan, the Northwest Territories, Hudson Bay and the United States. Manitoba was the province that joined the new state in 1980.

Manitoba's economy is based on mineral mining and agriculture. For many years, the majority of Manitoba's population was of British descent. But at present it is impossible to single out one ethnic group that would dominate in this province. It is worth mentioning that there are more than 700 organizations providing support to emigrants. The capital of Manitoba, Winnipe is a cultural center and home to the world famous Royal Winnipeg Ballet.

Newfoundland
Capital: St. John's
Population: 570,000 people

Newfoundland, the easternmost province of Canada, consists of two geographical units: the island of Newfoundland and part of the Labrador Peninsula. This territory joined Canada only in 1949. The current population is largely made up of descendants of settlers from southwestern England and southern Ireland who moved to Newfoundland in the late 17th and early 19th centuries. Later emigrants did not settle here, so in some areas English sounds like it did in Shakespeare's time. The settlement pattern was largely determined by the development of the fishing industry, which continues to this day. The Avalon Peninsula and northeastern Newfoundland, where fishing has traditionally been developed, are the most populous areas of the province.

St. John's, a historic trading center, is still the largest city today with a population of approximately 172,000 people. The oldest street in North America is located here. The cliff, called Signal Hill, offers an impressive panorama of St. John's Harbor and the Atlantic Ocean. Other attractions include Gros Morne National Park, which features the northern Appalachian Mountains and breathtaking 2,000-foot fjords. Driving a little north, you can see icebergs. Whales are found in the waters off Newfoundland.

New Brunswick
Capital: Fredericton
Population: 724,000 people

New Brunswick is a coastal province in eastern Canada, with a length of about 322 km from north to south and 242 km from east to west. The province is surrounded by water on three sides - the Gulf of St. Lawrence, the Northumberland Strait and the Bay of Fundy. Approximately 35% of the inhabitants are French-speaking, most of them living in Arcadia, which was originally a French colony. There are no large cities.

New Brunswick has earned the nickname "Lobster Capital of the World." However, eating lobster is not the only entertainment for local residents. St Andrews has golf courses. Excursions are organized for those who like to dive to the seabed with scuba gear. New Brunswick winters are called "pure white gold" - the abundance of snow creates ideal conditions for skiing. The total length of ski slopes is over 900 km, snowmobile tracks - more than 6000 km. It will also be interesting to visit the Country of Kings - a historical corner that contains the rich cultural heritage of New Brunswick.

Prince Edward Island
Capital: Charlottetown
Population: 135,000 people

The smallest and most populous province of Canada is called the “potato island” - the largest potatoes in the world grow here. The length of the island is only 280 km. The economy of the province, almost devoid of mineral resources and industry, is based on the development of agriculture and tourism. The rich soil and temperate climate make the island an ideal place for farming. The island is also famous for its sand dunes and beaches. Popular recreational activities include cycling, hiking and sailing. An interesting feature of the island is the youth of the population - about 38% of residents are under 25 years old. A historic conference took place here in 1864, as a result of which the Dominion of Canada was proclaimed three years later, which is why the city is called the “cradle of Confederation.”

Nova Scotia
Capital: Halifax
Population: 920,000 people

The 580-kilometer-long Nova Scotia peninsula is surrounded on four sides by water - the Atlantic Ocean, Bay of Fundy, Northumberland Strait and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The province is somewhat smaller in size than English Scotland, after which it was named. The proximity of the sea and ice-free deep-water harbors determine the economic development of Nova Scotia. More than 80% of the population are descendants of the British, 18% of the French. A third of local residents live in Halifax.

Nova Scotia has a rich history. It was here that one of the first colonies of settlers was founded at the beginning of the 17th century by decree of the Scottish king James VI. Ancient fortresses have survived from those times, for example, the citadel in Halifax or the Lewisburg fortress, in which reenactments of ancient battles take place on holidays. Nova Scotia's restaurants and cafés offer a wonderful variety of dishes from the land and sea.

Canadian North includes three regions - the Yukon, the Northwest Territories and the newly formed territory of Nunavut.

Yukon Territory
Capital: Whitehorse
Population: 280,000 people

Yukon is called the “land of the midnight sun”: the territory is located above the Arctic Circle. The Yukon is the northwestern tip of Canada and the most recently developed area of ​​the Canadian north. The territory is very sparsely populated, with 60% of the population located in the capital. The second town, Dawdson, one of the largest during the Gold Rush, is now a famous historical site. Other ghost towns, abandoned by temporary owners after the gold rush subsided, are also noteworthy. The original representatives of the animal world are the polar bear and the reindeer. One of the wonders of the Yukon is the northern lights.

Northwest Territories
Capital: Yellowknife
Population: about 60,000 people

This is the harshest climate and most resource-rich part of the Canadian Arctic. The northern "neighbor" of the territories is the North Pole. The economy of this region of Canada is based on coal mining. In summer, during the white nights, the sun practically never sets here, and in the winter months there is a long winter night. Fishing, canoeing and rafting are the most common activities in this region of untouched wilderness. Of the notable natural phenomena, we can mention the Virginia Falls, whose height reaches 100 meters - this is twice the height of Niagara Falls.

Nunavut Territory
Capital: Iqaluit
Population: about 22,000 people

This territory, which occupies a fifth of Canada in area, was part of the Northwest Territories until April 1, 1999. However, after the residents of the territory voted for the separation of the eastern region into an independent administrative unit, legislators had no choice but to agree with the decision of the people. Moreover, two indigenous languages ​​(Inuktitut and Inuinnaqtun) were given the same official status as English and French.

The new territory is named after the Inuit tribe, who have lived here for more than 5,000 years and are the largest indigenous group. The capital city of Iqaluit is the only capital city in Canada that can only be reached by air. Nunavut is the most pristine wilderness on earth, with many areas of Nunavut unexplored.