Abstract: Rules for safe behavior in transport. Actions in case of a transport accident

About 75% of all vehicle accidents occur due to drivers violating traffic rules. The most dangerous types of violations remain speeding, ignoring road signs, entering the oncoming lane and driving a car while intoxicated. Very often, bad (or slippery) roads and vehicle malfunctions (brakes, steering, wheels and tires) lead to accidents. The essence of car accidents is that 80% of the wounded die in the first 3 hours due to excessive blood loss.

BASIC PREVENTIVE RULES

To prevent car accidents and catastrophes, ensure your safety and survival in the event of a disaster passengers must take the following precautions:

1. if possible, sit in the back seat;

2. if possible, sit in the middle of the back seat;

3. Be sure to fasten your seat belt in the front seat;

4. do not distract the driver while driving;

5. while driving, constantly monitor the road situation so that the crash does not turn out to be unexpected for you;

6. if you get into a car wearing a headgear, do not take it off, but pull it on tighter, this can reduce head trauma in the event of an accident;

7. Do not sit sideways in the direction of movement as you may get injured during sudden braking;

8. Children should not kneel down and look out the rear window; braking can cause a head injury;

9. do not get into a car with a drunk driver.

HOW TO ACTION IF A COLLISION IS INEVITABLE

The most common types of road traffic accidents are vehicle collisions, pedestrian collisions, vehicle rollovers, and collisions with obstacles.

1. when avoiding a head-on collision with another car, do not expose your side to the other car;

2. try not to collide with another car in the place where it has a gas tank (this may cause an explosion and (or) fire);

3. if a collision with an obstacle is unavoidable, try to crash with the right or left edge of the hood (this will reduce the force of the impact, although the car may turn around and even roll over);

4. during a collision with an obstacle, all muscles must be tense;

do everything to avoid an oncoming blow: a ditch, a fence, even a tree is better than a car coming at you;

5. If you have the alternative of colliding with a stationary obstacle or crashing into the tail of a car braking in front of you, it is often safer to collide with the car;

6. in the event of an inevitable frontal collision, rest your hands on the steering wheel, your left foot on the left wheel housing, your right foot on the brake pedal;

7. if after stopping you are able to provide assistance to other passengers, then proceed immediately;

8. If the car catches fire, then you need to quickly remove the wounded person and drag him away from the car to a safe distance.

If an impact is imminent, protect your head. If the car is moving at low speed, press your back into the seat and, straining all your muscles, rest your hands on the steering wheel. If the speed exceeds 60 km/h and you are not wearing a seat belt, press your chest against the steering column.

1. during an accident, all muscles should be tense and should not relax until they come to a complete stop;

2. in the event of a frontal collision: if you are sitting in the back, rest your hands and feet on the front seat, press your head to your hands; if you are sitting in the front, rest against the front shield, but not against the glass; do not grab the door handle with your hands, it may be torn off;

Option 3: if you are riding in the front passenger seat, cover your head with your hands and lie on your side, prone on the seat. While sitting in the back seat, try to fall to the floor;

4. If the car is about to tip over, press yourself against the seat and hold on to it with your hands;

5. if a child is sitting with you and if a hit with another car or object is inevitable, then cover your head with your hands and fall on your side, press the child and cover yourself;

6. remember that in case of a traffic accident, the main thing is to protect your head from injury;

7. do not try to leave the car while moving towards an obstacle (the chances of surviving in a car are 10 times greater);

8. If a car falls from a bridge into the water, wait until the interior is filled with water, inhale the remaining air and swim out.

HOW TO ACT AFTER AN ACCIDENT

Determine where in the car and what position you are in, whether the car is on fire and whether gasoline is leaking (especially when it rolls over). If the doors are jammed, leave the car through the windows, opening them or breaking them with heavy objects. After getting out of the car, move as far away from it as possible, there may be an explosion.

Today my article will not be about how to most effectively send your enemies into the world, but, on the contrary, ABOUT SURVIVAL. Reading modern publications, and not modern ones too, you understand their poor adaptation to the realities of life. "... Take a small piece of cellophane and tightly close the dug hole, placing a small weight in the center, and placing a container for collecting water under the deflection point...." - but did the author think about where a person could get cellophane in the forest, a container for water, and what to use to dig a hole? Has he ever tried to dig forest soil?

No, if you are a trained fighter or just a physically strong person, then you have every chance of holding out in the forest until help arrives or you reach people. But what should a simple “office plankton” or a teenager lost in the forest do? How to survive in the city during man-made disasters? What to do if you find yourself in the middle of a snowy road in winter and there is minimal hope for help? How to behave if you encounter a wild animal or are injured while walking in the forest? We will talk about all this in my article.

Let's start with the fact that most people do not have any normal idea of ​​how to survive in an extreme situation. In schools, such an important subject as life safety (the basics of combating survivability) or pre-conscription training has been turned into a simple sitting of the pants. And the material they teach there is generally far from reality. Does the program include how to secure your home from looters, and what is the right thing to do in a situation of a man-made disaster or mass unrest, to prepare food in an apartment when there is no water, gas, electricity and there is simply nowhere to wait for help or for a long time?

In this article I will describe the very basics of how to behave in an unusual situation and what to do to hold out another day (or even more) and possibly wait for help. It will not contain material for seasoned “experts” or tourists, only what everyone must know in their life.

Have you ever wondered how long you can last without all the benefits of civilization, without help, without skills and knowledge, alone or with a group of your own kind? Think at your leisure, work out the order of actions in your mind and you will probably come to the result that you will live for three days, maybe a week, no more...

Any survival begins with one important point in your psychology; if this point is missing or its priority over others is low, you are not a survivor. This point is THE DESIRE TO SURVIVE. How long you will last on this sinful earth depends on its strength. That's why your two worst enemies are PANIC and DESPAIR. They are the ones who kill people in most cases.

However, the point of the desire to survive should not stand above the point of humanity and helping one’s own kind, otherwise you will become an animal, and possibly a “rabid” animal that must be destroyed.

In any situation, give priority to women and children, as well as the younger and stronger, since with them a group of people in trouble will have a greater chance of survival. Don’t be selfish or a one-man individual, listen to the opinions of your comrades in trouble. Think before you do something; if you have thought about your action, think about it again. Always put the interests of the group above the personal.

When you are alone in trouble, think about how good it will be when you are finally saved or help arrives. If it doesn’t help, kindle in yourself anger or a desire for revenge against the one who got you into trouble or the one who forgot to send you help. Find yourself an object of hatred, this will give you strength and perseverance, and will not allow apathy to overwhelm you.

The first thing we will look at is survival in the city in a critical situation. It is the most difficult. In general, there is no need to talk about hooligans, fires and other trifles, everyone knows this, as they say - fast legs are your salvation. It’s much worse when the city is hit by a flood, epidemic, or riot. Of course, this is rare, but there is a first time for everything. The first thing to do is assess the situation. Do not trust the media; they will not describe the situation objectively and truthfully. Call your acquaintances and friends, listen to what they say, analyze the situation.

If an evacuation is announced in the city, do not rush, let the alarmists and fools escape first, otherwise they will only complicate your life. You may have to evacuate on foot, but you should not leave the city on your own before the official evacuation, especially by car, such an act can end badly, traffic jams have not been canceled.

Pack the essentials: warm clothes (even if it’s summer and it’s hot outside, it’s not a fact that the weather won’t worsen or you won’t sit in an evacuation camp until it gets cold), put on strong shoes, take all the socks you can find, most likely there won’t be an opportunity to wash them and they will wear out quickly, and shoes without socks will very quickly rub your feet bloody.

Next are documents, money, jewelry, be sure to take a knife(kitchen, pocket, whatever), a spoon and a lighter (in general, a lighter is much more effective than matches, more compact, less afraid of water and more durable), put all the medicines you find at home in your bag, absolutely everything, if you don’t need it, you might need it to someone else. Be sure to take bandages or tear clean sheets for dressing material; in extreme cases, they can be used to insulate clothes.

Now it's time for water and food. Clean water in a city affected by a disaster is priceless. Take as much of it as possible, even if you have to throw away some of the food, there is a shortage of clean water in the city after the water supply is turned off, because if you brought food you will live from 4 to 7 days, without water in hot weather a physically undeveloped person will retain the ability to move for a maximum of two days, and after three will die.

From food, take only the most nutritious and small in volume (for cereals, if your weight allows, take oatmeal, buckwheat, flour, starch, they are the most easily digestible and quickly cooked, and have a high calorie content). Do not take perishable food, and generally do not try to take a lot; in a city, even if it is destroyed or damaged, finding food is not a problem. If you take bread, do not put it in a bag - it will become moldy, it is better to wrap it in a clean rag.

Take a thread and a needle, you will most likely have to repair your clothes yourself in the near future. Pack your things in bags so that the most necessary things are on top and try to pack them as tightly as possible. Don't pack everything in one bag, divide things equally among family or group members. If the bag turns out to be uncomfortable or heavy, pass a stick (a mop handle or a closet bar) through its handles; this will allow two people to carry it quite comfortably.

If you are alone, tie straps from the same sheet to the bag; it is strong and wide, so straps made from it will not cut your shoulders so much. If you have a small cart, that’s great, but you have to be prepared to quickly throw it and quickly grab your things and run. Be sure to take a small saucepan with you (which is understandable), preferably aluminum, it does not oxidize and does not burn, so that it does not take up space, tie it to the side of your bag. The maximum weight of luggage should not exceed 20 kilograms(and even then this is a bit much) for an adult (clothes - five, six kilograms, water - six liters, this is enough for a person if used sparingly for four days). Medicines and other small items – about two kilograms. The rest is food. If things are difficult to carry or you have to throw them away, then the first thing to do is leave the clothes, then the food. Water and medicine should not be thrown, as well as a knife and lighter.

If your weight allows, take with you such minor things as condoms, alcohol or vodka, waterproofing tape, garbage bags (they are large and light), rope. Perhaps someone will have doubts about the condom, but believe me, you won’t have to use it for its intended purpose, the condom is generally universal, you can carry water in it, use it as a weapon or as an elastic material for the same slingshot, you can hide things that are afraid of water in it , cover the wound from dirt, and in general, as your ingenuity suggests.

Alcohol or an alcohol-containing liquid is perfect for rubbing, disinfecting, heating canned food, or starting a fire. If you don’t have alcohol or vodka, you can drain it from any car, it’s used in glass washers, you can’t drink it, but it’s fine for everything else. Waterproofing tape or rope are suitable for the banal construction of a shelter (it’s not a fact that after evacuation you will be given a tent or shelter, you may have to move around yourself) and are generally indispensable in such situations. The same tape, for example, is very sticky, strong and not afraid of water, it can be safely used as an adhesive plaster or to secure a splint on a broken limb; in general, all these things are needed, but they are secondary.

Don't go alone or with just one family. Gather a group of six to ten people, no more, the crowd will move slowly. If along the way someone needs help, do not refuse, help, share food and water. Perhaps an hour later you yourself will find yourself in the same situation. Avoid narrow streets and alleys, move in the center of the road, this is not a war, so you can hug the walls and be afraid of shelling, but there is a chance that you will be noticed from a helicopter and will help.

If there is a flood in the city and you have to walk through water, cut out a stick and check the road in front of you, open sewer manholes are very dangerous, and a simple scratch on your leg after water mixed with city sewage gets into it is deadly.

Don't go at night if the road is bad or blocked(even if there are holes or potholes on the asphalt), it is better to stop and rest. In addition, there may be broken voltage wires in the grass or on the sidewalk; they may step on you and they will no longer be able to save you.

Light a fire in some container(garbage can, wheel rim, bricks stacked in a circle, sandbox), as far as possible from buildings so as not to provoke a fire, it just seems that there is nothing to burn in the city. Anything that burns will be suitable as fuel, except, perhaps, plastic and tires, but in a pinch, they will also work. Don’t go to sleep in a building, at most a small stall or shop; multi-storey buildings tend to burn in the absence of the owners, either because of their carelessness, or at the hands of hooligans.

Take turns on duty, not all citizens are conscientious and kind, you can be robbed at night or even killed for water, clothes and food, when a person wants to live, he is ready for anything. Even a big city without transport can be left in two, maximum three days. Have a piece of some bright rag with you in order to signal to rescuers.

It’s worse if the disaster happened in winter and the heating was turned off. You will have to leave anyway, but the path will become several dozen times more difficult. Be sure to make snowshoes from plywood or a square plastic canister cut in half. Such devices, although not very convenient, will allow you to move through the snow and not sink into it up to your knees; the streets will obviously not be cleaned.

It is possible to take transport in the affected city - do not hesitate to do so. Don't take passenger cars, look at trucks that can go off-road or all-wheel drive. Such vehicles will be located in the fire department, ambulance departments, bus depots and truck depots (repair repairs), city water canal, city gas station. In most cases, this equipment is simply abandoned; the keys can be found in the control room.

Do you have a gun? Great. Take it with you, but do not load it with buckshot or bullets. Even a small shot will be enough to scare off those who want to buy free money or stray dogs; you don’t want to become a murderer, do you? It is better if you reload some of the cartridges with coarse rock salt before leaving. It causes shallow but incredibly painful wounds.

Remember these simple rules. They are suitable for almost any evacuation situations. Think, calculate the consequences, don’t write it off, don’t panic, and everything will work out.
_____________________________________

/Alexander Martynov, specially for Army Herald/

What to do if an accident is inevitable? Here are some tips:

Do not leave the car until it stops. Studies show that in this case the chances of survival are 10 times greater than with ejection,

Maintain composure, drive the car to the last opportunity,

Do everything to avoid an oncoming blow: a ditch, a fence, a bush, even a tree - better than a car coming at you,

If there is no other possibility, convert the counter blow into a sliding side blow.

When the blow cannot be averted, the most important thing is to prevent yourself from moving forward and protect your head. To do this, rest your feet on the floor, your hands, straining all your muscles, on the steering wheel, tilt your head forward, between your hands.

The driver must freeze behind the wheel, while trying to “soften” the upcoming collision.

The passenger should cover his head with his hands and lie on his side, prone on the seat - this will avoid injuries from hitting hard objects. Rear seat passengers should try to fall to the floor.

If there is a child next to you, you need to press him tightly, cover him with yourself and also fall on your side. The most dangerous place for a passenger is the front seat, so traffic regulations prohibit children under 14 years of age from being there.

After the impact has occurred, the first thing you need to decide is where, in (what place of the car) and in what position you are, whether there is a fire or whether gasoline is leaking (especially when rolling over). Depending on the situation, move towards the exit through the door or window. If the doors do not open immediately, trying to press them is most likely pointless, they are jammed, and you need to open or break the windows.

A motorcyclist must wear a helmet even when riding a short distance; in the event of a collision, he must try to group himself in order to protect his vital organs; in the event of a fall, relax, without straining his muscles, but try to soften the impact on the ground.

If the car is in the water.

Accidents on coastal roads, parking at too high an angle, maneuver errors, speeding, or a strong gust of wind when driving along an embankment or bridge can cause a vehicle to fall into the water. This entails consequences that are especially severe in two cases: when those in the car are injured or when fear of possible consequences almost paralyzes the reaction to what is happening.

If the one inside is not injured when falling into the water and remains calm, he has enough time to get out of his "cage". The most important thing is to maintain the ability to control your behavior in the most difficult situation. The car is not left until it is completely immersed in water.

Once in the water, the car can stay afloat for some time. Sometimes a few seconds are enough to jump out of it. But you should not open the doors - water will immediately rush inside and the car will begin to sink sharply. You need to get out through the open window.

When you realize that the car is sinking, the first rule to follow is to close the windows to slow down the sinking process. After this, the headlights turn on, which can serve as a signal to potential rescuers (electrical equipment usually continues to operate for some time). If you were riding alone, the seatback lowers to give you more room to move. If you are not alone, try, if possible, to calm the weakest and remain calm. In such circumstances, maximum composure is required in order to act without making mistakes. It's important to prevent your passengers from becoming desperate. Optimism is important for the correct distribution of forces and resources.

In a sunken car you need to look for pillows, packages, some clothes, put them under you and raise your head to the ceiling. Take off everything that may hinder movement or get caught on something: coat or heavy clothing, boots, laces and belts. When water has filled the interior and exceeded the door level (the principle of pressure equalization has been completed), the door can be opened. This route is preferable if the car remains intact. Otherwise, the window opens, your hand sticks out and rests on the lid, with your face turned inward, and then you climb out of the car head first. The operation is facilitated by maximum relaxation and flexibility of the body.

If the windows do not open, you need to break the glass. Typically, preference is given to the windshield or rear glass, which is larger than the others. This, however, depends on the position in which the machine is located after the dive, which is almost never horizontal, and also on the position of the passengers. In order to break the glass, you need to wait until the last minute, then hit with a blunt object, not in the center, but in the corner of the glass, where there is less resistance. For this purpose, a fire extinguisher, which should always be in the cabin, or a radio can serve, and sometimes it is enough to press with your feet and squeeze the glass out of the rubber gaskets without even breaking it.

Once you are underwater outside the car, keep in mind that you have at least 30-40 seconds. This is quite enough to reach the surface. It is believed that a depth of more than 30 meters is dangerous, but it is practically impossible for a falling car to find it, except overboard a sea ferry.

Actions in case of a frontal collision:

If you are sitting in the back, rest your hands and feet on the front seat, press your head to your hands.

If you are sitting in the front, rest against the front shield, but not against the glass (!).

The most common and most dangerous injuries are head injuries. Wear, if not a helmet, then a thick cap. When getting into a car, do not take off your headgear, but pull it tight.

If the car is about to tip over, bend down to the seat and hold on to it with your hand. Do not grab the door handle - the door may be torn off.

If a car falls from a bridge into the water, do not panic or jerk: wait until the interior is filled with water, inhale the remaining air and swim out.

On a bus, trolleybus, tram:

The middle of the cabin is the safest place.

It is better to sit with your back forward: there is less risk in case of sudden braking.

If you sit facing forward, you will hit your head on the back of the chair in front of you.

Sitting on the starboard side is safer than on the left, away from oncoming traffic.

If you are standing, place your support points (two legs, a hand on the handrail) so that their vertical projection on the floor forms a triangle of large area.

Choose in advance where you will fall in the event of a collision, as well as who and what will fall on you. When placing a load on a shelf above your head, keep in mind that it may fall on your head.

Be sure to hold on to the handrails, even if you don’t rock. When it swings, you will grab the air with your hands.

Swings across the movement - more often. But sudden braking is more dangerous than sudden turning.

If you fell into the water as a passenger of public transport, then the main danger for you is not the water, but other passengers. They will block all the exits with their bodies. Stay in place until the cabin is filled with water, then get out through the window.

If there is no open window nearby, choose a position to knock out the window with your foot and wait calmly. Breathe more often and deeply to saturate your body with oxygen.

Many people believe that a plane crash leaves virtually no chance of survival. Therefore, they do not consider it necessary to carefully study the safety instructions. Although, for example, the crash of a Boeing 777 of the South Korean airline Asiana Airlines proves that if evacuation rules are followed, the number of victims can be significantly reduced. In the accident that occurred at San Francisco International Airport, 305 of the 307 people on board were saved!

We have already told you how you can increase your chances of surviving a plane crash. But for the special ones, here are a few more rules, following which you are more likely to survive a plane crash.

1. Consider a travel suit

When going on a trip, choose clothes so that you will be as comfortable as possible in case of an emergency. Here's what Cynthia Corbett, an employee of the US Federal Aviation Administration, advises (author's note: FAA, Federal Aviation Administration, FAA):

Imagine running out of a burning plane. For example, you should not wear high-heeled shoes or light slippers - they are uncomfortable to run in. It is important that during emergency situations your shoes do not fall off your feet, and that exposed surfaces of your body are protected with thick fabric, like denim.

Long sleeves and pants can protect against shrapnel and burns: According to experts at the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), 68% of fatalities occur in fires that occur after accidents.

2. Choose a seat when purchasing a ticket

According to research by Popular Mechanics magazine, the safest seats are located in the rear of the cabin. After analyzing fatal plane crashes that have occurred over the past 40 years, experts cite the following statistics: on average, those sitting in the rear of the cabin are 40% more likely to survive. Also try to position yourself close to the emergency exit and closer to the aisle.

Professor Ed Galea, a fire safety expert at the University of Greenwich in England, found that surviving passengers were typically seated within five rows of emergency exits:

During an emergency, it is better to sit closer to the aisle than at the window or in the middle.

3. Takeoff and landing

Experts say that the most dangerous time is the first three minutes after takeoff and eight minutes before landing: force majeure often occurs at these stages of the flight - at this time it is better not to take off your shoes and not lose sight of the two nearest emergency exits. Place your hand luggage under the seat of the passenger in front - it will help to avoid injuries, as it will not allow you to slide under the seat in front, because leg fractures are quite common among victims of plane crashes.

If a crash or emergency landing cannot be avoided, behave calmly and do not panic. Take the so-called “survival pose”: with your palms crossed, place them on the back of the seat in front, then press your forehead to your palms - this way you have a better chance of surviving an accident; if there is no seat in front, lean forward and hug your knees with your hands.

Also remove all sharp and angular objects such as pens and keys from your pockets: in emergency conditions, even a regular comb can cause harm.

4. 90 second rule

Remember, if after a plane crash you can leave the cabin within 90 seconds, your chances of escape increase significantly: some passengers, in a state of panic, are not even able to unfasten their seat belt - their bodies are then found sitting in their seats.

In an interview with WebMD, Cynthia Corbett said:

It is important to know how to behave in emergency conditions, even if there are no instructions from the crew: it happens that people just sit and wait to be told what to do, and in the meantime the situation gets worse.

In the Flight 217 incident, most casualties were avoided because the victims were able to quickly evacuate the aircraft. John Hansman, a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and director of the University's International Air Transportation Center, believes:

If anyone had hesitated, things could have been much worse.

And Corbett adds:

Do not try to find and collect your luggage, this may waste valuable time.

5. No more dangerous than an escalator in the subway

Transportation safety experts are encouraging: According to NTSB statistics, only one in 1.2 million commercial flights is involved in an accident. Aircraft crews carefully practice measures to prevent various emergency situations, new safe, non-toxic materials and more advanced fire protection systems for winged aircraft are being created.

The chance of dying in a plane crash is 1 in 11,000,000, while, for example, in a car accident it is 1 in 5,000, so it is now much safer for a person to fly than to drive a car.

John Hansman states:

While on board an airliner, you risk no more than going down an escalator on the subway.

Cynthia Corbett, an official at the US Federal Aviation Administration, sums it up:

I believe that air travel is the safest way to travel. But during the flight, we must not forget about safety precautions and rules of conduct on board. Don't be afraid to fly, just follow the instructions carefully.

Every citizen can be a passenger of any transport, and individual citizens can also be drivers. Both of them can become victims of accidents or disasters during the operation of transport.
Let's consider typical methods of survival in conditions of accidents and disasters.
Railway accidents and disasters
The most common railway accidents and disasters are: train collisions, train derailments, fires in carriages.
In the event of a train crash or emergency braking: gain a foothold, prevent yourself from moving forward or throwing yourself to the sides. To do this, you can grab the handrails and rest your feet on something; remember that after the first blow there may be others, so you cannot relax; * after the end of the impacts, immediately leave the car, as there is a high probability of fire, especially when the collision occurred with a freight train. If the train remains on the rails, but there is a smell of smoke, and people are crowding in the corridor, then you can use the emergency exit windows located in compartments 3 and 6. There you need to turn the handle towards yourself, having previously broken the seal. Press the window latch handle towards you; you can get out of the carriage and through the window of any compartment, but remember that it is difficult to break the glass, they are strong and you can get hurt; when getting out of the carriage, do not take anything except documents, money and necessary clothing; After getting out of the carriage, help other passengers get out if necessary.
In case of a fire in the carriage: in case of smoke or fire, immediately prepare breathing protection - a scarf, any fabric, wet them with any liquid (except flammable); constantly breathe through a cloth soaked in liquid, remembering that the temperature in a confined space rises quickly, you can burn your lungs with one breath and lose consciousness, and the gas released when burning malminite (car lining) is toxic; leave the carriage using one of the options described above; if evacuation is carried out to an adjacent carriage, act as directed by the conductor; after getting out of the car, get involved in rescue work, observe safety measures when passing oncoming trains, beware of being struck by step voltage if there are broken wires on the ground and especially if the ground is damp; If there is spilled fuel on the way, you must move to a safe distance, as a volumetric explosion may occur.
Motor transport accidents and disasters
The most common types of road traffic accidents are vehicle collisions, pedestrian collisions, vehicle rollovers, and collisions with obstacles.
Recommendations for a car driver to survive during a traffic accident in Guia:
- when avoiding a head-on collision with a car, do not expose your side to another car; try not to collide with another car in the place where it has a gas tank (this may cause an explosion and/or fire); if a collision with an obstacle is unavoidable, try to crash with the right or left edge of the hood (this will reduce the force of the impact, although the car may spin out and even roll over); during a collision with an obstacle, all muscles must be tense; do everything to avoid an oncoming blow: a ditch, a fence, a bush, even a tree is better than a car coming at you; If you have the alternative of colliding with a stationary obstacle or crashing into the tail of a car braking in front of you, it is often safer to collide with the car; in the event of an inevitable frontal collision, rest your hands on the steering wheel, your left foot on the left wheel housing, your right foot on the brake pedal; If you are able to provide assistance to passengers after stopping, then proceed immediately.
If the car catches fire, then you need to quickly remove the wounded person and drag him away from the car to a safe distance.
Recommendations for a car passenger to survive during a traffic accident: during a traffic accident, all muscles should be tense and should not relax until they come to a complete stop; in the event of a frontal collision: if you are sitting in the back, rest your hands and feet on the front seat, press your head to your hands; if you are sitting in front, rest against the front shield, but not against the glass; do not grab the door handle with your hands, it may be torn off; if the car is about to tip over, press into the seat and hold on to it with your hands; if a child is sitting with you and if a collision with another car or object is inevitable, then cover your head with your hands and fall on your side, press the child and cover yourself; remember that in case of a traffic accident, the main thing is to protect your head from injury;
- do not try to leave the car while driving towards an obstacle (the chances of surviving in a car are 10 times greater than when ejecting); if a car falls from a bridge into the water, do not panic, but wait until the interior is filled with water, inhale the remaining air and swim out.
Recommendations for a bus, trolleybus, tram passenger during a traffic accident: at the moment of impact, sitting in a seat, rest your hands and feet on the front seat; if you are standing at the moment of impact, try to grab the handrail and hold on by squatting; if you have to fall, try not to hit your head; all muscles should be tense and should not weaken until they stop completely; After an accident or disaster, try to quickly get out of the vehicle, as it may catch fire. Usually there is a crush in the doors during an accident or the door gets jammed. Therefore, it is better to get out through the emergency window (by pulling the cord out of the rubber window seal and pushing out the glass) or through the emergency exit. It can be simpler - break the glass with a hammer; You can also get out through the window if the size of your body allows. In buses and trolleybuses you can also evacuate through the upper ventilation hatches; if a fire occurs in the cabin, prepare a handkerchief or piece of clothing to protect your respiratory system; if there is a fire extinguisher or a box of sand in the cabin, proceed to extinguish the fire (if there is no real threat to your life); in the event of a short circuit or flash in the interior of a tram or trolleybus, leave the vehicle only when the driver stops it and turns off the electrical circuits; if you fall into the water as a passenger of public transport, then the main danger to you is not the water, but other passengers. They will block all the exits with their bodies. Stay there until the cabin fills with water, then get out through the window or upper ventilation hatches. If there is no open window nearby, knock out the window with your foot or other object. Before filling the bus interior with water, breathe deeply and more often to saturate your body with oxygen.
Aircraft accidents
Decompression (rarefied air in the cabin). After signs of decompression appear: whistling, pain, noise and ringing in the ears, pain in the intestines, warming and tingling of the skin, a deafening roar (air is escaping), you must immediately put on an oxygen mask and move less. After that, help other people put on masks. The aircraft crew usually begins to eliminate decompression by reducing the flight altitude to 3 km.
Accident during takeoff and landing.
In this case, the aircraft crew usually has time to notify passengers of a possible accident. Then, before the accident, the passenger must take a safe, fixed position (bend over, clasp your hands tightly under your knees, tilt your head as much as possible, or rest your hands on the front seat, put your head on your hands, and rest your feet on the floor). At the moment of impact, tense as much as possible. After the plane stops, you must leave through the nearest exit route. When exiting an aircraft in an emergency, the following rules must be followed: open the emergency hatch, take out the lifeline and throw it out; Before leaving the plane, you must remove high-heeled shoes and synthetic stockings; follow the exit rules: first your feet, then your head, stretch the fabric chute, sit on the threshold of the inflatable ladder and go down it; To avoid burns, do not hold onto the edged cord.
Fire on the plane. In the event of a fire in the aircraft cabin, observe the following rules:
-protect your skin (you must wear outerwear); do not breathe smoke, protect yourself with clothing; move to the exit after the plane has stopped; if there is a lot of smoke in the cabin, move on all fours; remember that smoke, not fire, is the main danger; do not stand in the crowd at the exit; if the line does not move, remember that there are other exits; do not open emergency hatches in a place where there is fire and smoke outside; do not take hand luggage with you, it could cost you your life;
- fight panic and apathy. Remember! Apathy is more common; remember that you must leave the plane within 5 minutes and move away from the plane up to 1.5 km before the fuel explodes.
QUESTIONS FOR SELF-CONTROL: Symptoms of damage and first aid for victims of major ADHD Rules for rescuing people from rubble and burning buildings. Ways to survive as a passenger in a car during an accident. Ways for a train passenger to survive during a fire. Ways to survive a bus, trolleybus and tram passenger during an accident.