Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation: chairman, composition, powers. Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation

Expiration date*: September 2019

Born in April 1949.

In 1972 she graduated from the Leningrad Chemical and Pharmaceutical Institute.

From 1984 to 1986 worked as first secretary of the Krasnogvardeisky district committee of the CPSU of Leningrad.

In 1985 she graduated from the Academy of Social Sciences under the CPSU Central Committee.

From 1986 to 1989 she worked as deputy chairman of the Lensovet Executive Committee.

In 1989 she was elected people's deputy of the USSR. Being one of the youngest women deputies, she headed the Committee of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on Women's Affairs, Family Protection, Motherhood and Childhood.

In 1991, she completed advanced training courses for senior diplomatic officials at the Diplomatic Academy of the USSR Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 1991 V.I. Matvienko moves to the diplomatic service, where she worked until 1998. He has the diplomatic rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.

Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the USSR, Russian Federation to the Republic of Malta.

Director of the Department for Relations with the Subjects of the Federation, Parliament and Socio-Political Organizations, member of the board of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Russia to Greece.

Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation.

In 2003, V.I. Matvienko is appointed as the plenipotentiary representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Northwestern Federal District, and then, in the same year, he is elected Governor of St. Petersburg, the “Northern Capital” of Russia.

On August 31, 2011, she was appointed a member of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation - a representative in the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation from the executive body of state power of the city of St. Petersburg. On September 21, 2011, she was unanimously elected Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, and in 2014 she was again re-elected to this high government post. Since September 2011, he has been a permanent member of the Security Council of the Russian Federation. In November 2011, she was elected Chairman of the Council of the Interparliamentary Assembly of Member States of the Commonwealth of Independent States.

Has state awards: Order of the Badge of Honor (1976), Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1981), Order of Honor (1996), Order of Merit for the Fatherland, III degree (1999), Order of Merit for the Fatherland » IV degree (2003), Order of Merit for the Fatherland, II degree (2009), Order of Merit for the Fatherland, I degree (2014), Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called (2019).

He has a number of foreign state awards: the Order of the Grand Badge of Honor on a ribbon for services to the Republic of Austria (2001), the Order of Princess Olga III degree of the Ukrainian People's Republic (2002), the Grand Cross of the Order of Honor of the Hellenic Republic (2007), the Grand Knight's Cross of the Order Lion of Finland (2009), Order of the Legion of Honor of the French Republic (2009), Order for Great Love for Independent Turkmenistan (2009), Order of Friendship of Peoples of the Republic of Belarus (2009), Maltese State Order of Merit for the Republic (2013 year), Order of Dostyk 2nd degree of the Republic of Kazakhstan (2016).

She was also awarded many medals.

Has a son and granddaughter.

Leisure: literature, theater, painting, music, sports (tennis, alpine skiing).

1. Chairman of the Federation Council:

a) convenes meetings of the Federation Council, including extraordinary ones;

b) forms a draft agenda for a meeting of the Federation Council, submits it for consideration by the Council of the Chamber, submits to the Federation Council a draft agenda for a meeting of the Federation Council considered by the Council of the Chamber;

c) conducts meetings of the chamber;

d) signs resolutions of the Federation Council;

e) administers the oath of office to persons appointed to the positions of judges of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation;

d1) (clause “d1” is excluded in accordance with Resolution of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation dated December 15, 2010 No. 556-SF);

f) is in charge of the internal regulations of the chamber in accordance with the powers granted to it by these Regulations;

f1) carries out general management of the organization and implementation of activities for the implementation of permanent parliamentary control;

g) distributes responsibilities between the First Deputy Speaker of the Federation Council and the Deputy Chairmen of the Federation Council (as amended by Resolution of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation dated September 19, 2008 No. 305-SF);

h) organizes the work of the Chamber Council and conducts its meetings;

i) coordinates the work of committees of the Federation Council ;

j) sends for preliminary consideration to the committees of the chamber in accordance with the issues within their jurisdiction approved by the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the State Duma) draft laws of the Russian Federation on amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal constitutional laws, federal laws adopted by the State Duma, and also bills, amendments to bills developed by a committee of the Federation Council, a member of the Federation Council, which are expected to be submitted to the State Duma in order to exercise the right of legislative initiative of the Federation Council (as amended by Resolution of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation dated December 27, 2011 No. 568-SF);

k1) sends to the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, at its request, documents and materials necessary for conducting a public examination of draft laws of the Russian Federation on amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, draft federal constitutional laws and federal laws (except for materials containing information constituting state or other protected secret by law) (clause “k1” was introduced in accordance with Resolution of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation dated March 24, 2006 No. 85-SF);

l) sends for consideration to the legislative (representative) bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation the adopted laws of the Russian Federation on amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation;

m) sends to the President of the Russian Federation for signing and official publication the laws of the Russian Federation on amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal constitutional laws and federal laws approved by the Federation Council;

o) sends to the State Duma draft laws of the Russian Federation on amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal constitutional laws and federal laws rejected by the Federation Council;

o) sends to the committees of the Federation Council in accordance with the issues under their jurisdiction, as well as to the Legal Department of the Staff of the Federation Council for the preparation of proposals, legislative acts adopted by the Parliament of the Union State, the Interparliamentary Assembly of the Eurasian Economic Community, model legislative acts adopted by the Interparliamentary Assembly of the Commonwealth Member States Independent States, as well as drafts of these acts (as amended by resolutions of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation dated October 6, 2006 No. 308-SF; dated December 27, 2011 No. 568-SF);

p) represents the chamber in relations with federal government bodies, government bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies, public associations, as well as with parliaments of foreign states, international organizations, state and public figures of foreign states;

c) participates in conciliation procedures used by the President of the Russian Federation in accordance with Part 1 of Article 85 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation to resolve disagreements between federal government bodies and government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as between government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

r) coordinates the organization of parliamentary hearings, round tables and other events held in the Federation Council;

s) approves the schedule for the reception of citizens by members of committees of the Federation Council, and also forwards individual and collective appeals from citizens received to the Federation Council to other officials of the Federation Council for consideration (as amended by resolutions of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation dated February 12, 2003 No. 25-SF; dated December 27, 2011 No. 568-SF);

t) resolve other issues of organizing the activities of the Federation Council in accordance with these Regulations and other regulatory legal acts;

x) exercises general management of the Staff of the Federation Council and controls its activities ;

v) approves, in agreement with the Council of the Chamber, the structure of the Staff of the Federation Council;

h) approves the staffing level of the Federation Council Staff (as amended by Resolution of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation dated May 29, 2002 No. 254-SF);

w) with the consent of the Council of the Chamber, appoints and dismisses the Chief of Staff of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Chief of Staff of the Federation Council), and also, on the recommendation of the Chief of Staff of the Federation Council, appoints and dismisses first deputies (first deputy ), Deputy Chiefs of Staff of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation and other employees of the Staff of the Federation Council in accordance with the Regulations on the Staff of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation;

w1) signs a certificate for the honorary badge of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation “For services in the development of parliamentarism” ( paragraph “sh1” was introduced by Resolution of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation dated May 26, 2004 No. 152-SF);

y) signs and presents the Certificate of Honor of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation;

e) by decision of the Council of the Chamber, signs and sends to the President of the Russian Federation proposals for awarding state awards to members of the Federation Council and employees of the Staff of the Federation Council;

z) signs and sends invitations of the chamber to members of the Government of the Russian Federation and other persons in the manner established by Article 77 of these Rules;

i) leads the work on planning the activities of the chamber;

z1) signs a power of attorney to a representative of the Federation Council when considering a case by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation;

z2) submits for consideration of the Federation Council proposals on candidates for the appointment of authorized representatives of the Federation Council from among the members of the Federation Council (as amended by Resolution of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation dated November 19, 2014 No. 530-SF);

z3) approves instructions for office work in the Federation Council and instructions for working with citizens’ appeals in the Federation Council (as amended by Resolution of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation dated February 9, 2005 No. 20-SF);

z4) gives instructions to committees of the Federation Council (as amended by Resolution of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation dated February 22, 2012 No. 38-SF);

z5) gives instructions to other officials of the Federation Council (as amended by Resolution of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation dated March 26, 2003 No. 79-SF).

2. The Chairman of the Federation Council issues orders and gives instructions on issues within his competence.

3. The Federation Council has the right to cancel an order of the Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the order of the Chairman of the Federation Council) that contradicts the legislation of the Russian Federation and these Regulations.

4. The Chairman of the Federation Council or, on his instructions, the First Deputy Chairman of the Federation Council submits to the Federation Council reports on the activities of the chamber and on the draft program of its legislative work in accordance with the procedure established by a decision of the Federation Council, which are discussed at meetings of the Federation Council. Based on the results of the discussion, the Federation Council may adopt resolutions (as amended by resolutions of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation dated May 26, 2004 No. 152-SF; dated September 19, 2008 No. 305-SF).

5. The Chairman of the Federation Council, after agreement with the Council of the Chamber, approves the rules for providing interbudgetary transfers from the federal budget to the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation to reimburse expenses associated with material support for the activities of members of the Federation Council and their assistants in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and the rules for providing subsidies from the federal budget for state support for the media established by the Federation Council, submitted to the Council of the Chamber by the Federation Council Committee on Rules and Organization of Parliamentary Activities (as amended by resolutions of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation dated June 18, 2008 No. 223-SF; dated December 27, 2011 No. 568-SF).

6. The Chairman of the Federation Council approves the standards for financial, logistical and other support for the activities of members of the Federation Council, agreed upon in the prescribed manner by the Federation Council Committee on Rules and Organization of Parliamentary Activities.

(Part 6 was introduced in accordance with Resolution of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation dated June 18, 2008 No. 223-SF; as amended by Resolution of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation dated December 27, 2011 No. 568-SF.)

In almost all countries where there is a parliament, it is divided into two chambers. This configuration is a convenient way to create a system of checks and balances. If one chamber leans towards radicalism, the other must block its decisions or change bills, making them more acceptable and effective. A similar device originated in the West and was adopted in modern Russia. The Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation is the upper house of parliament (the lower house is the State Duma).

Seat in parliament

The upper house appeared in the Russian parliament in 1990. However, that prototype of the Federation Council had little in common with it and was a product of Soviet statehood. Everything changed in 1993, when a new constitution came into force in the country. According to it, the Federation Council was established. The structure of parliament is enshrined in Article 95 of the Basic Law of the Russian Federation.

There are fundamental differences between the two chambers of the Federal Assembly in their order of formation and competence. The Council was vested with significant powers, which secured its status as the fundamental basis of the state. Recently, this body is increasingly called the Senate, and its members - senators. This trend can be traced both in unofficial journalism and in the speeches of official government officials and the most important officials of the country.

Authority

The broad Russian Federation is fully described in the Russian Constitution. The Upper House can reject or approve any law previously adopted in the State Duma.

Such documents are divided into several types. First of all, these are federal laws. The powers of the Federation Council of the Russian Federation are such that they are rejected by the usual mathematical majority of votes or by passive non-consideration within 14 days. At the same time, the status of some laws may a priori make them mandatory for submission to senators. In this case, the mechanism of ignoring the document does not apply.

Lawmaking

Laws affecting the federal budget, federal fees and taxes, financial, credit, currency and customs regulation are required for consideration in the Federation Council. Also included in this group are issues of war and peace, protection and status of the state border, denunciation and ratification of international treaties and, finally, money issue.

If the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation approves the law, the paper goes to the president for signature. 112 votes (two-thirds of senators) override the veto of the head of state, and 126 votes (three-quarters of senators) approve laws on constitutional amendments and federal constitutional laws.

Appointments

Two-thirds of the Federation Council's votes can remove the president from his post. Senators appoint judges of the Supreme Court, the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Arbitration Court and members of the Presidium of the Supreme Court. Among other things, the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation decides who will occupy the position of Prosecutor General and his deputies. appoints two representatives to the National Banking Council. It determines the auditors of the Accounts Chamber and its deputy chairman.

Bodies of the Federation Council of the Russian Federation appoint a third of the members of the CEC - the Central Election Commission, which regulates the election process in the country. They also determine who will be one of the participants in the Board of the Federal Commission that monitors the securities market. Representatives of the Senate are included in the Civil Service Council under the Russian President.

Other features

There are powers not related to appointments that the Federation Council has. The Constitution states that it is he who approves new borders between the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as the introduction of a state of emergency or martial law in the country. The Upper House determines the date for the election of the head of state.

The Federation Council (chairman of the Federation Council of the Russian Federation and senators) has the right to conduct work in its own meetings. They take place 1-2 times a month from October to July. Meetings can be extraordinary if such a proposal is received from the president, prime minister, government, one fifth of the members of the Federation Council or a region of Russia. A quorum requires the presence of half the members of the upper house of parliament. If 50% is not reached, then the meeting is considered invalid. As a rule, the Federation Council operates in an open mode, but if the regulations provide for it, the mode can be closed.

Priority in work

The tasks of the Senate have a certain priority. First of all, the President's message to the Federal Assembly and his addresses are considered. Next come amendments to the Constitution, draft constitutional and federal laws. Some of them may have the status of being subject to mandatory review. The third in this order are the submission of requests and proposals to the Constitutional Court. The last to be considered are federal laws adopted by the State Duma concerning issues of denunciation and ratification of international treaties.

Meetings of the Federation Council are held according to the regulations. Senators have the opportunity to make a co-report, report, and closing remarks. They also have the right to participate in debates, make statements and appeals.

Formation order

As the law on the Federation Council states, it includes two representatives from each constituent entity of the Russian Federation. One represents the local parliament, the other the executive branch. The term of office of a senator is two years. The composition of the Federation Council is changing gradually along with the change of power in the subjects.

According to the regulations, members of the upper house of parliament enjoy immunity. They cannot be held criminally or administratively liable for expressing their position and opinion when voting. The Federation Council is structured and formed on the principle of non-partisanship. Its members do not create associations or factions, as is customary in the State Duma.

The term of office of the Federation Council as a whole is unlimited. In contrast, the organ undergoes “soft rotation”. This means that the term of office of each of its members is determined by the regional authority. The Constitution provides for only three possibilities in which the State Duma and the Federation Council of Russia meet together. This is the hearing of messages from the Constitutional Court, messages from the President and speeches by foreign heads of state. In general, each chamber adheres to the principle of non-interference in the affairs of the other.

Compound

The Federation Council has 170 members. They are divided into committees (on defense and security, on judicial-legal issues and constitutional law, on tax policy, budget, financial regulation, etc.). One of the divisions is responsible for social policy. The other regulates property relations and economic reforms. Finally, there are committees for CIS affairs and international affairs. Some senators are involved in departments on culture, science, education and agricultural policy.

Each committee prepares opinions on issues that fall within its jurisdiction. He also develops and reviews bills proposed for submission to the State Duma. Committees can initiate Such divisions include all members of the Federation Council except the chairman and several of his deputies. Each senator can serve on only one committee, which must have at least 10 members. The distribution by “sector” must be approved by a general vote (a majority of votes is required).

Chairman

The Federation Council is headed by a chairman. From 2011 to this day, this position has been held by Valentina Matvienko. The chairman has many organizational and representative powers. He conducts meetings, determines the internal regulations of the chamber, signs its resolutions, and distributes functions among his deputies.

The chairman sends to the committees bills adopted by the State Duma, as well as bills that are proposed to be submitted to the State Duma. He is elected by secret ballot. The candidacy is approved by half and one vote.

Progress of work and relationship with the president

The Government of the Russian Federation, the Federation Council and other federal government bodies must work in unison, so the Federation Council always has a specific agenda. It is formed by the chairman and is based on proposals from committees and commissions of the upper house. A group of senators of at least 10 people, as well as two senators representing one constituent entity of the Russian Federation, can independently put forward an issue on the agenda. The special representative of the president in the Federation Council can make his own amendments to the schedule.

The head of state interacts with the upper house of parliament in other ways. The annual address of the President to the Federal Assembly remains traditionally important. In it, the first person formulates the main problems and tasks that the state faces and which need to be addressed first. For example, this could be a challenge related to the need to reform the taxation or banking system. In this case, both the State Duma and the Federation Council should consider the president’s proposed initiatives.

History of formations

The first Federation Council worked in 1994-1996. It was transitional and therefore, as an exception, it was elected directly by the population, and not by the authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. His representative was Vladimir Shumeiko.

The Second Federation Council is also remembered as the “governor-speaker council”. He sat in 1996-2001. Its chairman was a distinctive feature of that Federation Council - it consisted of governors and chairmen of local legislative assemblies. Senators worked on an irregular basis, meeting from time to time in Moscow.

The third period of formation of the Federation Council occurred in 2002-2012. It was then that he finally got rid of his transitional features and took on a stable form. The Chairman of that Federation Council was Sergei Mironov, and since 2011 - Valentina Matvienko. The fourth upper house of parliament was formed at the end of 2012. It is still in effect today. The reformatting was associated with the adoption of a new federal law on the Federation Council.

The Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation is the country's highest representative institution. It ensures the expression of the interests of the population and conducts rule-making activities. The formation of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation is carried out in accordance with current legal acts. The structure includes two bodies, the competence, features of creation and activities of which are regulated by Federal Laws No. 113 and 175.

Upper house of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation

It is a permanent structure. It includes 2 representatives from each region of the country. The Council is created in accordance with Federal Law No. 113. The competence of the Federation Council includes the following issues:

1. Calling elections for the head of state and removing him from office.
2. Approval of decrees issued by the president on the introduction of military force in the country as a whole or in its individual areas.
3. Appointment and removal from office of the Prosecutor General, deputy chairman of the Accounts Chamber and 50% of its auditors.
4. Approval of borders between regions.
5. Appointment of officials of the High Courts.

The Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation also gives consent to the deployment of the country's armed forces outside its borders. His responsibility also includes the approval or rejection of draft regulations.

Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation

It is formed of 450 deputies. This body is the lower house of the Federal Assembly. The election of deputies is carried out for 4 years. The first meeting is scheduled for the 30th day after the elections or earlier than this date. Voting for deputies is carried out in the manner prescribed by Federal Law No. 175 and other regulations governing electoral law. The following issues fall under the jurisdiction of the State Duma:

1. About trust in government.
2. Appointment and removal from office of the chairmen of the Central Bank, the Accounts Chamber and 50% of auditors, as well as the Russian Commissioner for Human Rights.
3. Bringing charges against the president to remove him from power.
4. Approval of the candidacy for the post of Prime Minister proposed by the head of the country.

In addition, the State Duma discusses and adopts draft regulations.

Rulemaking

The Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation is considered a key subject of the legislative process. The State Duma accepts draft regulations and sends them to the Federation Council for approval. To resolve any disagreements that arise between them, a conciliation commission is created. An adopted normative act is considered to be a document approved by the State Duma and approved by the Federation Council. The procedure for adoption and approval is determined by the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The Federal Assembly sends the adopted and approved act to the president for signature.

Dissolution of the State Duma

It is carried out by the president. The grounds for dissolving the State Duma may include:

1. Three times the candidacy for the post of Prime Minister proposed by the head of the country was rejected.
2. Denial of confidence in the Supreme Executive Body. In this case, the initiative must come from the chairman of the government.

The dissolution of the lower chamber is not allowed:

1. For a year since its creation.
2. From the date of bringing charges against the president until the adoption of a decision on it by the Federation Council.
3. During a state of emergency or martial law in the country.
4. For six months before expiration

After the dissolution of the State Duma, the head of the country sets a voting date. Moreover, it should be determined in such a way that the newly created body meets no later than four months. since disbandment.

Specifics of creating a Federation Council

As part of improving the public administration system, an administrative reform was carried out. During it, certain changes were made to the procedure for the formation of parliament. New rules were introduced into the Law “On the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation”. In particular, the procedure for creating the Federation Council was determined. It included the heads of the executive and legislative bodies of the subject. However, by the end of the 1990s. this system was found to be ineffective. In accordance with the Law adopted on August 5, 2000, the Federation Council began to include not heads, but representatives of the executive and legislative bodies of the subject. The heads of these structures appoint relevant officials within three months from the date of taking office. This decision is formalized in the form of a resolution (decree). If at an extraordinary or scheduled meeting a third of the total number of deputies votes against the appointment, the order does not enter into force.

Nuance

It should be noted that the procedure for nominating representatives to the Federation Council from the unicameral and bicameral representative bodies of the subject is different. In the first case, from the date of the first meeting, a representative is elected within three months at the proposal of the chairman. In the second case, candidates are proposed alternately by both chambers. An alternative proposal may be made by a group of deputies. A representative from each house is nominated for half of its term. The decision on appointment is made by secret ballot. The government body notifies the Federation Council about it no later than the next day after the resolution comes into force and sends the corresponding act to the Federation Council within five days.

Other changes

The reforms affected the rules for electing deputies to the State Duma. The fourth convocation was formed in accordance with the Federal Law adopted on December 20, 2002. Elections took place 50% in single-mandate constituencies and 50% according to lists submitted by political parties. Candidates could also run as self-nominated candidates, from an electoral bloc, or as part of an association. Only those parties that have overcome the 7% threshold can exercise the right to nominate persons. The decision to present a list of candidates is approved by secret ballot. The total number of persons nominated by the party cannot be more than 270 people.

Regulatory acts of the Federal Assembly

The powers of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation are clearly regulated by legal documents. Each body included in the structure of the FS makes decisions by majority. On some issues, a different procedure for approving resolutions may be provided. Such cases are prescribed in the Constitution. It contains norms that clearly establish the range of issues within the jurisdiction of the FS. In particular, the powers of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation are established in Art. 102 and 103. The Federation Council, for example, approves decisions both on issues within its competence by current regulations and those directly related to its internal activities. The latter are determined by regulations, provisions and the relevant Federal Law. The Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation often considers topical issues relating to the life of the country. Resolutions often point out shortcomings of existing government agencies, and include appeals to representative structures about the need to adopt certain regulations to improve the situation. At the same time, every year the president reads a message to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. It sums up the work completed and also sets new tasks. In accordance with them, the agenda of FS meetings is formed.

General areas of work

The Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation consists of two relatively independent parts. The main work on the adoption of regulations is carried out in the State Duma. The Federation Council also has legislative initiative. Draft regulations that are submitted for consideration undergo legal review and are endorsed by responsible persons. The Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, through the Federation Council, can make statements and appeals, including to the government and the president. They are adopted in the manner prescribed for the approval of resolutions. As a rule, wishes are of a recommendatory nature. As for the State Duma, it can also receive appeals and statements. They are formalized by regulations. Appeals and statements are quite diverse in content. They are adopted much more often than in the Federation Council. The most pressing issues in them are problems of a socio-economic and internal political nature. At the same time, such appeals and statements, while having a certain impact on the executive structures of power, cannot contain binding norms for the government or the president. In this regard, they, like the recommendations of the Federation Council, can have exclusively moral and political significance. State Duma statements and appeals concerning the resolution of international issues have a particular influence on the activities of the executive branch. As a rule, they assess the foreign policy processes of foreign countries. Accordingly, such appeals and statements can cause quite a large international resonance.

Parliamentary Center

In the mid-2000s. Discussion began on the idea of ​​uniting the Federation Council and the State Duma in one building. In 2012, this proposal was supported by D. Medvedev, the then president of the country. The authors of the project for the construction of a new structure justified its need for the crowded offices of parliamentarians, the great remoteness of the services necessary for them to effectively carry out their duties, as well as the desire of the leadership to move power structures from the central part of the city to reduce traffic congestion. Various areas were considered for placement. It was proposed to locate the parliamentary center on Kutuzovsky Prospekt, in Moscow City, on Frunzenskaya Embankment, at Tushinsky Airfield, on Krasnaya Presnya, on Sofiyskaya or Moskvoretskaya embankment. In September 2014, however, an area in the Mnevnichenskaya floodplain was selected.

Implementation difficulties

Members of the Federation Council and the State Duma were asked, together with the Office of Presidential Affairs and the Federal Security Service, to choose a project for a future structure based on an architectural competition. However, the works caused aesthetic disagreements among parliamentarians. It was not possible to resolve them even during a repeat competition. The issue of financing was particularly challenging. It was initially assumed that the costs of constructing the parliamentary center would be borne by a private investor, who would subsequently receive ownership of these structures. In the future, it was possible to build a hotel complex, entertainment facilities, etc. in its place. It is assumed that the work of the parliamentary center could begin as early as 2020. However, according to information from other sources, construction was postponed due to the difficult socio-economic situation for an indefinite period .

Conclusion

The Federal Assembly acts as the highest representative and legislative body in the country. Its main task is rule-making activity. The Federal Assembly discusses, supplements, changes, and approves the most important laws on topical issues arising in various spheres of state life. The current regulations establish the procedure for adopting the Federal Law. It involves several readings of the draft in the State Duma, discussion, and the making of proposals and amendments. A prerequisite is the agreement of the document with the Federation Council. If the Federation Council identifies any shortcomings, appropriate recommendations are drawn up. They, together with the draft act, are sent back to the State Duma. The State Duma, having approved the amendments, votes for the adoption of the law. After that, it is again sent to the Federation Council, and from there to the president for signature. At the same time, the head of the country can veto the Federal Law. The competence of the Federal Assembly also includes other issues relating to the internal political and socio-economic life of Russia.

Introduction

I. History of the Federation Council

II. The Federation Council as a structural subdivision of the Parliament

2. Authority

III. Structure of the Federation Council

2. Divisions and their functions

3. Guide

IV. New in the organization of activities

Conclusion

List of used normative legal acts and literature

Introduction

Parliament, in accordance with the principle of separation of powers, being a body of national representation, exercises legislative power in the state. Historically, the bicameral structure of parliament arose in Western countries as a way to restrain one chamber (the upper) from the excessive radicalism of the other (the lower).

In the Russian Federation, bicameral parliament is a fairly new phenomenon, having emerged only in 1990. At this time, the Supreme Council of the RSFSR, which included the Council of the Republic and the Council of Nationalities, acted as a representative body. Before this, starting with the October Revolution of 1917, the highest representative body of Russia was unicameral. However, bicameralism in the Russian Federation in the period from 1990 to 1993 turned out to be not very effective: the chambers of the Supreme Council mostly met jointly, and the dominant role was played by the Presidium, the governing body of the parliament as a whole, suppressing the initiative of both chambers.

The Constitution of the Russian Federation, adopted in 1993, established a new representative body - the Federal Assembly, which exercises legislative power in the Russian Federation. From that moment on, the Constitution of the Russian Federation of 1993 introduced fundamental changes in the understanding of the structure of the federal parliament. The heterogeneous procedure for the formation of the chambers of the Federal Assembly and their exclusive competence served as a striking example of this. In paragraph 1 of Article 95, the Constitution established the structure of parliament: “The Federal Assembly consists of two chambers - the Federation Council and the State Duma.” Since the Federation Council is the upper house of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, it should be noted that it is the bearer of a huge “package” of powers, and at the same time it exists as a fundamental basis for regulating the most important issues arising in the public sphere.

In general, all subjects of jurisdiction, composition, structure and status of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation are regulated by relevant normative and legal acts, which, as a rule, are periodically supplemented or changed.

From the moment of its formation to the present, the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation as the chamber of the Russian Parliament has been studied by many scientists. Both constitutionalists in Russia and abroad, as well as well-known specialists in the field of state and legal disciplines, are interested in the Federation Council as the upper house of the Federal Assembly. Along with them, the Federation Council is also considered with undying interest by figures who have contributed to the field of historical sciences. Among the leading constitutionalists of the country we can highlight M.V. Baglaya, E.I. Kozlov, O.E. Kutafin and I.V. Grankin, who made a significant contribution to the constitutional law of the Russian Federation. Each of them wrote more than one scientific work on the constitutional law of the Russian Federation, and along with this, more than one book devoted to this branch of law, which became the first reference book for any constitutionalist. Also, such experts as N.V. also devoted separate articles to the Federation Council. Zorkin, S.M. Benetova, O.O. Mironov and L.A. Kravchenko.

As part of the course work, it is impossible to reflect all the information about the Federation Council, so I will try to dwell on the most important points concerning this chamber. I consider it necessary to most fully disclose issues affecting the history of the emergence of the Federation Council, status, composition, and its competence.

I. History of the Federation Council

For the first time a body called "Federation Council" was created on July 17, 1990 under the Chairman of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR (B.N. Yeltsin) and included the chairmen of the Councils of all autonomous republics, autonomous regions and autonomous districts (31 people) and the Chairmen of some regional, regional and city Councils (31 people). From January 30, 1991, it included the chairmen of the Councils of all 88 (then 89) subjects of the Federation. In July 1991, the post of Chairman of the Federation Council was inherited by the new head of the Supreme Council R.I. Khasbulatov.

On September 8, 1993, President Yeltsin convened a meeting of the leaders of the executive and representative authorities of the regions, which had been previously announced by the constituent assembly of the new Federation Council and the prototype of the upper house of the new parliament, an alternative to the current Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation. The meeting participants refused to sign the document on the creation of the Federation Council.

The Federation Council as the upper house of parliament was created by presidential decree No. 1400 of September 21, 1993 “On the dissolution of the Congress of People's Deputies and the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation.” The "Regulations on federal authorities for the transition period" approved by the decree provided that the Federation Council acts as a composition of the chairmen of legislative (representative) authorities and heads of executive power (presidents of the republics) of each subject of the Federation until the expiration of the powers of the Councils of People's Deputies of the current convocation (March 1995 ). The Federation Council was supposed to begin its parliamentary function after the election of the new State Duma. Yeltsin soon revised his decision: on October 9, 1993, he issued a decree on the elections of new representative bodies in the regions, and on October 11, he ordered direct elections to the Federation Council of the first convocation in 89 two-mandate constituencies. The Constitution, adopted in a referendum on December 12, 1993, established that the Federation Council “includes two representatives from each subject of the Russian Federation: one each from the representative and executive bodies of state power.”

The Federation Council of the first convocation (elected), by way of exception established by the transitional provisions of the Constitution, was elected directly by the population on December 12, 1993 for a two-year term and met from January 11, 1994 to January 15, 1996. The Chairman of the Federation Council from January 13, 1994 to January 23, 1996 was Vladimir Filippovich Shumeiko.

The specific mechanism for forming the Federation Council from representatives of regional authorities should have been established by federal law. The first version of the law (July 1995) - on direct alternative elections from among candidates nominated by regional authorities - was rejected by the President. A week before the expiration of the term of office of the parliament of the first convocation, on December 5, 1995, the Duma adopted and the President signed a laconic law that came into force on December 13, 1995 and was in force until August 2000. In accordance with this law, the Federation Council includes two representatives from each subject of the Russian Federation: the head of the legislative (representative) and the head of the executive body of state power, ex officio. In a bicameral legislative (representative) body of a subject of the Russian Federation, a joint decision of both chambers determines its representative to the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the law prescribed that in all regions where heads of administrations were appointed by presidential decrees, elections should be held no later than December 1996.

Second (“governor-speaker”) Federation Council was formed on January 23, 1996 for an unlimited term, but sat from January 23, 1996 to December 26, 2001. Thus, the actual period of its activity, including the “transition period,” was 7 years. During this period, Yegor Semenovich Stroev was elected Chairman of the Federation Council. The 1995 law on the procedure for forming the Federation Council was appealed to the Constitutional Court by both chambers of parliament. However, the request sent on December 9, 1995 by the Federation Council of the first convocation was withdrawn by the new composition of the chamber at its very first meeting. A similar request from the new State Duma was rejected on April 10, 1997. The Constitutional Court recalled that the Duma itself could exercise its powers to amend the law it disputes, instead of trying to influence positions in the internal parliamentary discussion with the help of the decision of the Constitutional Court.

The State Duma Committee on Legislation prepared a draft law replacing the official principle of forming the Federation Council with an elected one. President Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin submitted to the Duma in May 2000 his draft law on the procedure for forming the Federation Council, providing for the replacement of the heads of executive and legislative authorities of the regions with representatives of these bodies. On May 31, 2000, the Duma considered both projects and adopted Putin’s draft in the first reading. After the law was adopted by the Duma as a whole, it was rejected by the Federation Council. After the work of the conciliation commission, created at the insistence of the Duma, the Federation Council approved the law in the agreed version. The law was signed by the President on August 5, published in the Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation and came into force on August 7, 2000.

The transitional period of “coexistence” in the Senate of governors and speakers on the one hand and “appointees” on the other lasted from August 7, 2000 (the date of entry into force of the new law on formation) until January 30, 2002 (the “organizational” 81st meeting).

Third Federation Council was finally formed by January 1, 2002 for an unlimited period and has been sitting in a completely renewed composition since January 16, 2002. The rules and structure of the chamber were reformed on January 30, 2002. The Chairman of the Third Federation Council, Sergei Mikhailovich Mironov, was elected earlier - on December 5, 2001 (re-elected on January 29, 2003).