Subjects of the Russian Federation diagram. Subjects of the Russian Federation

Hello, dear colleague! To effectively participate in tenders (government procurement), it is necessary to narrow the search for information about ongoing tenders to a specific region or region.

Why do you need to do this? Firstly, in a unified information system ( www.zakupki.gov.ru) information is provided on ongoing auctions in all constituent entities of the Russian Federation and tracking the emergence of new data in all regions is a labor-intensive and useless task; Secondly, you need to take into account your capabilities (the company’s capabilities) to fulfill contractual obligations in the event of your victory. Suppose your company is located in Moscow, and the Customer is in the Sakhalin region, you yourself understand that these are additional costs for transportation, travel expenses, etc. Third, the Customers themselves are quite skeptical about procurement participants (suppliers) from other regions and are doing everything possible to ensure that the contract goes to “their own”. Therefore, you need to clearly define for yourself where you will participate and not waste your time and energy on processing all the other information.

Below I have provided data on the federal districts and their constituent entities of the Russian Federation. I hope this information will be useful to you, because... this is the main navigation tool for searching information in the Unified Information System (UIS).

I. Central Federal District (administrative center - Moscow)

1. Belgorod region

2. Bryansk region

3. Vladimir region

4. Voronezh region

5. Ivanovo region

6. Kaluga region

7. Kostroma region

8. Kursk region

9. Lipetsk region

10. Moscow region

11. Oryol region

12. Ryazan region

13. Smolensk region

14. Tambov region

15. Tver region

16. Tula region

17. Yaroslavl region

18. Federal city Moscow

II. Southern Federal District (administrative center - Rostov-on-Don)

List of subjects included in the district:

1. Republic of Adygea

2. Republic of Kalmykia

3. Krasnodar region

4. Astrakhan region

5. Volgograd region

6. Rostov region

III. Northwestern Federal District (administrative center - St. Petersburg)

List of subjects included in the district:

1. Republic of Karelia

2. Komi Republic

3. Arkhangelsk region

4. Vologda region

5. Kaliningrad region

6. Leningrad region

7. Murmansk region

8. Novgorod region

9. Pskov region

10. Federal city of St. Petersburg

11. Nenets Autonomous Okrug

IV. Far Eastern Federal District (administrative center – Khabarovsk)

List of subjects included in the district:

1. Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

2. Kamchatka region

3. Primorsky Krai

4. Khabarovsk region

5. Amur region

6. Magadan region

7. Sakhalin region

8. Jewish Autonomous Region

9. Chukotka Autonomous Okrug

V. Siberian Federal District (administrative center - Novosibirsk)

List of subjects included in the district:

1. Altai Republic

2. Republic of Buryatia

3. Republic of Tyva

4. Republic of Khakassia

5. Altai region

6. Transbaikal region

7. Krasnoyarsk region

8. Irkutsk region

9. Kemerovo region

10. Novosibirsk region

11. Omsk region

12. Tomsk region

VI. Ural Federal District (administrative center - Yekaterinburg)

List of subjects included in the district:

1. Kurgan region

2. Sverdlovsk region

3. Tyumen region

4. Chelyabinsk region

5. Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra

6. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

VII. Volga Federal District (administrative center - Nizhny Novgorod)

List of subjects included in the district:

1. Republic of Bashkortostan

2. Republic of Mari El

3. Republic of Mordovia

4. Republic of Tatarstan

5. Udmurt Republic

6. Chuvash Republic

7. Kirov region

8. Nizhny Novgorod region

9. Orenburg region

10. Penza region

11. Perm region

12. Samara region

13. Saratov region

14. Ulyanovsk region

VIII. North Caucasus Federal District (administrative center - Pyatigorsk)

List of subjects included in the district:

1. Republic of Dagestan

2. Republic of Ingushetia

3. Kabardino-Balkarian Republic

4. Karachay-Cherkess Republic

5. Republic of North Ossetia - Alania

6. Chechen Republic

7. Stavropol region

IX. Crimean Federal District (administrative center - Simferopol)

List of subjects included in the district:

1. Republic of Crimea

2. Federal city of Sevastopol

1. The Russian Federation includes the following subjects of the Russian Federation:

Republic of Adygea (Adygea), Republic of Altai, Republic of Bashkortostan, Republic of Buryatia, Republic of Dagestan, Republic of Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Republic of Kalmykia, Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Republic of Karelia, Komi Republic, Republic of Crimea, Mari El Republic, Mordovia Republic, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Republic of North Ossetia - Alania, Republic of Tatarstan (Tatarstan), Republic of Tyva, Udmurt Republic, Republic of Khakassia, Chechen Republic, Chuvash Republic - Chuvashia;

Altai Territory, Transbaikal Territory, Kamchatka Territory, Krasnodar Territory, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Perm Territory, Primorsky Territory, Stavropol Territory, Khabarovsk Territory;

Amur region, Arkhangelsk region, Astrakhan region, Belgorod region, Bryansk region, Vladimir region, Volgograd region, Vologda region, Voronezh region, Ivanovo region, Irkutsk region, Kaliningrad region, Kaluga region, Kemerovo region, Kirov region, Kostroma region, Kurgan region , Kursk region, Leningrad region, Lipetsk region, Magadan region, Moscow region, Murmansk region, Nizhny Novgorod region, Novgorod region, Novosibirsk region, Omsk region, Orenburg region, Oryol region, Penza region, Pskov region, Rostov region, Ryazan region, Samara region, Saratov region, Sakhalin region, Sverdlovsk region, Smolensk region, Tambov region, Tver region, Tomsk region, Tula region, Tyumen region, Ulyanovsk region, Chelyabinsk region, Yaroslavl region;

Moscow, St. Petersburg, Sevastopol - cities of federal significance;

Jewish Autonomous Region;

Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

2. Admission to the Russian Federation and the formation of a new subject within it are carried out in the manner established by federal constitutional law.

1. The status of the republic is determined by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the constitution of the republic.

2. The status of a territory, region, federal city, autonomous region, autonomous district is determined by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the charter of the region, region, federal city, autonomous region, autonomous district, adopted by the legislative (representative) body of the corresponding subject of the Russian Federation.

3. Upon the proposal of the legislative and executive bodies of an autonomous region, an autonomous okrug, a federal law on an autonomous region, an autonomous okrug may be adopted.

4. Relations between autonomous okrugs that are part of a territory or region may be regulated by federal law and an agreement between the state authorities of the autonomous region and, accordingly, the state authorities of the territory or region.

5. The status of a subject of the Russian Federation can be changed by mutual consent of the Russian Federation and the subject of the Russian Federation in accordance with the federal constitutional law.

1. The territory of the Russian Federation includes the territories of its subjects, internal waters and territorial sea, and the airspace above them.

2. The Russian Federation has sovereign rights and exercises jurisdiction on the continental shelf and in the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation in the manner determined by federal law and international law.

3. The borders between the constituent entities of the Russian Federation can be changed with their mutual consent.

1. The state language of the Russian Federation throughout its entire territory is Russian.

2. Republics have the right to establish their own official languages. In government bodies, local self-government bodies, and government institutions of the republics, they are used along with the state language of the Russian Federation.

Z. The Russian Federation guarantees to all its peoples the right to preserve their native language and create conditions for its study and development.

The Russian Federation guarantees the rights of indigenous peoples in accordance with the generally recognized principles and norms of international law and international treaties of the Russian Federation.

1. The state flag, coat of arms and anthem of the Russian Federation, their description and procedure for official use are established by federal constitutional law.

2. The capital of the Russian Federation is the city of Moscow. The status of the capital is established by federal law.

The Russian Federation has jurisdiction over:

a) adoption and amendment of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws, monitoring their compliance;

b) federal structure and territory of the Russian Federation;

c) regulation and protection of human and civil rights and freedoms; citizenship in the Russian Federation; regulation and protection of the rights of national minorities;

d) establishing a system of federal bodies of legislative, executive and judicial power, the procedure for their organization and activities; formation of federal government bodies;

e) federal state property and its management;

f) establishing the foundations of federal policy and federal programs in the field of state, economic, environmental, social, cultural and national development of the Russian Federation;

g) establishing the legal basis for the single market; financial, currency, credit, customs regulation, money issue, fundamentals of pricing policy; federal economic services, including federal banks;

h) federal budget; federal taxes and fees; federal funds for regional development;

i) federal energy systems, nuclear energy, fissile materials; federal transport, communications, information and communications; activities in space;

j) foreign policy and international relations of the Russian Federation, international treaties of the Russian Federation; issues of war and peace;

k) foreign economic relations of the Russian Federation;

l) defense and security; defense production; determining the procedure for the sale and purchase of weapons, ammunition, military equipment and other military property; production of toxic substances, narcotic drugs and the procedure for their use;

m) determination of the status and protection of the state border, territorial sea, airspace, exclusive economic zone and continental shelf of the Russian Federation;

o) judicial system; prosecutor's office; criminal and penal legislation; amnesty and pardon; civil law; procedural legislation; legal regulation of intellectual property;

n) federal conflict of laws;

p) meteorological service, standards, standards, metric system and timekeeping; geodesy and cartography; names of geographical objects; official statistics and accounting;

c) state awards and honorary titles of the Russian Federation;

r) federal public service.

1. The following are under the joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation:

a) ensuring compliance of the constitutions and laws of republics, charters, laws and other normative legal acts of territories, regions, federal cities, autonomous regions, autonomous districts with the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws;

b) protection of human and civil rights and freedoms; protection of the rights of national minorities; ensuring law, order, public safety; border zone regime;

c) issues of ownership, use and disposal of land, subsoil, water and other natural resources;

d) delimitation of state property;

e) environmental management; environmental protection and ensuring environmental safety; specially protected natural areas; protection of historical and cultural monuments;

f) general issues of upbringing, education, science, culture, physical culture and sports;

g) coordination of health issues; protection of family, motherhood, paternity and childhood; social protection, including social security;

h) implementation of measures to combat disasters, natural disasters, epidemics, and liquidation of their consequences;

i) establishment of general principles of taxation and fees in the Russian Federation;

j) administrative, administrative-procedural, labor, family, housing, land, water, forestry legislation, legislation on subsoil, on environmental protection;

k) personnel of judicial and law enforcement agencies; advocacy, notary;

l) protection of the original habitat and traditional way of life of small ethnic communities;

m) establishing general principles for organizing the system of state authorities and local self-government;

o) coordination of international and foreign economic relations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, implementation of international treaties of the Russian Federation.

2. The provisions of this article apply equally to republics, territories, regions, cities of federal significance, autonomous regions, and autonomous districts.

Article 73

Outside the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the powers of the Russian Federation on subjects of joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the constituent entities of the Russian Federation have full state power.

1. On the territory of the Russian Federation, the establishment of customs borders, duties, fees and any other obstacles to the free movement of goods, services and financial resources is not allowed.

2. Restrictions on the movement of goods and services may be introduced in accordance with federal law if this is necessary to ensure safety, protect the life and health of people, protect nature and cultural values.

1. The monetary unit in the Russian Federation is the ruble. Monetary emission is carried out exclusively by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. The introduction and issue of other money in the Russian Federation is not allowed.

2. Protecting and ensuring the stability of the ruble is the main function of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, which it carries out independently of other government bodies.

3. The system of taxes levied into the federal budget and the general principles of taxation and fees in the Russian Federation are established by federal law.

4. Government loans are issued in the manner determined by federal law and are placed on a voluntary basis.

1. On subjects of jurisdiction of the Russian Federation, federal constitutional laws and federal laws are adopted that have direct effect throughout the entire territory of the Russian Federation.

2. On subjects of joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, federal laws and laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation adopted in accordance with them are issued.

3. Federal laws cannot contradict federal constitutional laws.

4. Outside the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation, the joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, republics, territories, regions, cities of federal significance, autonomous regions and autonomous districts carry out their own legal regulation, including the adoption of laws and other regulatory legal acts.

5. Laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation cannot contradict federal laws adopted in accordance with parts one and two of this article. In the event of a conflict between a federal law and another act issued in the Russian Federation, the federal law shall apply.

6. In the event of a contradiction between a federal law and a regulatory legal act of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, issued in accordance with part four of this article, the regulatory legal act of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation shall apply.

1. The system of state authorities of republics, territories, regions, cities of federal significance, autonomous region, autonomous districts is established by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation independently in accordance with the fundamentals of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation and the general principles of organization of representative and executive bodies of state power established by federal law.

2. Within the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the powers of the Russian Federation on subjects of joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the federal executive bodies and the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation form a unified system of executive power in the Russian Federation.

1. To exercise their powers, federal executive authorities may create their own territorial bodies and appoint appropriate officials.

2. Federal executive authorities, by agreement with the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, may transfer to them the exercise of part of their powers, if this does not contradict the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws.

3. The executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, by agreement with the federal executive authorities, may transfer to them the exercise of part of their powers.

4. The President of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Russian Federation ensure, in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the exercise of the powers of federal state power throughout the entire territory of the Russian Federation.

The Russian Federation may participate in interstate associations and delegate to them part of its powers in accordance with international treaties, if this does not entail restrictions on the rights and freedoms of man and citizen and does not contradict the fundamentals of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation.

SUBJECTS OF THE RF

republics (states) that are part of the Russian Federation, national-territorial (autonomous) state entities - autonomous region, autonomous district, territorial entities - territories, regions, cities of federal significance.

The Russian Federation as a federation consists of 21 republics. 6 territories, 49 regions, 2 federal cities, 1 autonomous region. 10 autonomous okrugs - equal subjects of the Russian Federation (Article 5 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation). The status of the S. Russian Federation is determined by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and, accordingly, the constitution and charter of the S. Russian Federation; it can be changed by mutual agreement of the Russian Federation and the subject of the Russian Federation in accordance with the Federal Law (Article 66 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation).

The Constitution of the Russian Federation abandoned the category of “sovereignty” in relation to them and uses it (Article 4) only in relation to the Russian Federation as a whole (although some republics call themselves sovereign states in their constitutions). The right of unilateral withdrawal from the Russian Federation is not provided for the Northern Russian Federation, including the republics.

S. RF have equal rights, i.e. have legally equal rights and equal responsibilities as subjects.

The situation of the S.Russian Federation is characterized by a whole set of their possibilities in federal relations with the Russian Federation. The main ones are: a) division of issues of reference between them into those. which relate to the jurisdiction only of the Russian Federation (exclusive jurisdiction of the Russian Federation) and their joint jurisdiction:

all other issues fall within the own and exclusive jurisdiction of the subjects of the Russian Federation: b) the delimitation of the subjects of jurisdiction between the state bodies of the Russian Federation and the Northern Federation of the Russian Federation is possible both on the basis of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and agreements between them “on the delimitation of the subjects of jurisdiction and powers”: c) representation is provided subjects of the Russian Federation at the federal level and the possibility of them raising questions before the authorities of the Russian Federation. including the right of legislative initiative in the State Duma. appeal to the President and Government of the Russian Federation, to the Constitutional Court.

Each State of the Russian Federation has its own fundamental act: the republics have a constitution; the rest of the States of the Russian Federation have a charter. Everyone has the right to their own legislation (i.e. laws and other normative legal acts).

Hence the general principle of the supremacy of the Federal Law. If laws are adopted on issues related to the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation, they are valid throughout the entire territory of the state and acts of the Russian Federation cannot contradict them (in case of a contradiction, the Federal Law applies). However, if an act of the S. Russian Federation is issued on issues within its jurisdiction, then it is this act that is in effect. Thus, the Constitution of the Russian Federation protects the interests of S.

the Russian Federation and does not allow arbitrary interference of the Russian Federation in its areas of jurisdiction. In particular, the sphere of their joint jurisdiction includes administrative, administrative-procedural, labor, family, housing, land, water, forestry legislation, legislation on subsoil, and environmental protection.

Each S.Russian Federation has its own territory. It cannot be changed without the consent of the given State of the Russian Federation, and the boundaries between them can be changed with their mutual consent. At the same time, since the territory of the Russian Federation is united, this, among other things, means that the establishment of customs borders, fees and any other obstacles to the free movement of goods, services and financial resources within the Russian Federation (including the Northern Territory of the Russian Federation) is not allowed. Such restrictions may be introduced in accordance with the Federal Law if necessary to ensure safety, protect human life and health, protect nature and cultural values.

The S. Russian Federation has its own property as a type of state property (its objects, among other things, can be land, subsoil, water and other natural resources), its own budget, its taxes, fees, duties and payments (as part of a unified tax system, the basis of which are established by the Russian Federation).

The status of an individual in the Russian Federation is uniform and regardless of the territory of which S. Russian Federation a person lives.

S. The Russian Federation has the right to participate in international and foreign economic relations. However, this area falls under joint jurisdiction. The Russian Federation coordinates international and foreign economic relations of the Northern Russian Federation. They are obliged to take into account the interests of the Russian Federation. The creation of representative offices of the S. Russian Federation in other states is not excluded. In this case, the Russian Foreign Ministry and its bodies perform coordinating functions.

S. Russian Federation have the right to cooperate with each other. They can conclude mutual agreements, resolve current issues, send delegations, representatives, etc. \"

Republics like the S. Russian Federation are allowed to have their own state language. In the authorities and local self-government of the republic it is used along with the state language of the Russian Federation. The Russian Federation guarantees the rights of indigenous peoples in accordance with the generally recognized principles and norms of international law" between the people's treaties of the Russian Federation.

All northern regions of the Russian Federation have their own main city (capital) and may have a coat of arms, flag, anthem, and other traditional signs and symbols.

Avakyan S.A.

Encyclopedia of Lawyer. 2005 .

See what “Subjects of the Russian Federation” are in other dictionaries:

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subjects of the Russian Federation- state legal entities (communities) that together form the Russian Federation. The Constitution of the Russian Federation establishes six types of states. The Russian Federation is a republic within the Russian Federation, a territory, a region, a city of federal significance... Large legal dictionary

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The Russian Federation has a number of features that significantly distinguish it from other federations. A federation is usually formed by combining two or more states into a single union state. The formation of the Russian Federation followed a completely different path. Russia as a federation is not an association of several states. It was formed as a result of the creation of a number of autonomous states and autonomous national-state formations of peoples inhabiting its territory. These states, as well as national-state entities, were recognized as subjects of the Russian Federation.

The subject of the Russian Federation- this is a territorial entity with limited legal capacity, which has some features of statehood, built on the territorial or national principle of formation.

The limited legal capacity of the subjects of the Russian Federation means that they are independent only within the limits of their competence.

Currently, the Constitution provides for 6 types of subjects of the Russian Federation, securing them with the help of separate paragraphs of Chapter 3 on the federal structure of Art. 65: republic, territory, region, city of federal significance, autonomous region, autonomous district. At the same time, all types of federal subjects can be integrated into more general groups and form 3 types of subjects:

· national state (republics within the Russian Federation);

· administrative-territorial (territories, regions, cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg);

· national-territorial (autonomous region and autonomous districts).

Such a typology is based, on the one hand, on the different scope of powers of the relevant subjects (some of them are vested with the powers of the state as such, the rest - with the powers of a state entity), on the other hand, on the introduction of new, territorial forms of statehood along with pre-existing national ones.

Currently, there are 83 constituent entities of the Russian Federation: 21 republics, 9 territories, 46 regions, one autonomous region (Jewish) and 4 autonomous districts, 2 federal cities (Moscow and St. Petersburg).

An essential feature of the Russian Federation is that it consists of subjects that themselves have the form of a state organization. All of them are given the status of state entities by the KRF. Outside the state form there is no subject of the Federation. It is the state nature of the subjects that gives their relations within Russia a federal character.

As state entities, all subjects of the Russian Federation have elements of constituent power, are endowed with the right to issue their own laws and other legal acts, exercise territorial supremacy within the boundaries of their jurisdiction, and are characterized by the same competence and the special nature of their relationship with the federal government. Ordinary administrative-territorial units do not have such relations, as a result of which they do not have legal personality within the federation.

The most common feature of all subjects is their equality both in relations with each other and in relations with federal government bodies. The equality of the subjects of the Russian Federation is manifested regardless of their construction on a national-state or territorial-state basis.
The common features of the subjects of the Russian Federation should also include the presence of each of them with its own administrative-territorial division, its own property, and its own legislation.

Depending on the type of subject of the Federation, their legal status within the state and in relations with other subjects of the Russian Federation is differentiated.

Republics (21) , unlike territories and regions, they are national-state formations, that is, a form of statehood of one or another people (peoples) within Russia. Unlike other subjects of the federation, the republics adopt their own constitutions in accordance with the CRF and have the right to establish their own state languages.

The constitutional and legal status of a republic within the Russian Federation is characterized primarily by the fact that it is recognized as a state within the Russian Federation. (In Article 5 of the Russian Constitution, republics are characterized as states. However, this does not mean that they are bearers of state sovereignty.) But a republic is this is not just a state, but a state that is part of the Russian Federation as its subject. Therefore, the constitutional and legal status of the republic expresses its features both as a state and as a subject of the Federation. It follows from this that the legal personality of a republic cannot cover the entire set of properties of an independent state. Its status is determined by the federal Constitution and the constitution of the republic (Article 66 of the CRF).
Republics have a state. symbolism - State. coat of arms, State flag and State hymn. These are the official symbols of the state, which are approved by each republic independently. They express the identity and historical traditions of the peoples of a given republic. As an attributive feature of a state, one can “consider the presence of capitals in republics, while other subjects have administrative centers. The legal status of capitals and administrative centers is established by the laws of the relevant subjects.

The peculiarities of republics should not create the impression of exclusivity of this type of subjects in relation to others. The main principle of modern Russian federalism is the principle of equality of all subjects, which, while allowing for the presence of certain characteristics of one or another type of subjects of a federal association, categorically does not allow the predominance of any one type of subjects over others.

The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in its decision in the case “on republican sovereignty” emphasized that the concept “republic (state)” used in the federal Constitution does not mean recognition of the state sovereignty of these subjects, but only reflects certain features of their constitutional and legal status associated with factors of historical, national and other nature.

Along with the republics within the Russian Federation, the national-state type of subjects of the Federation includes autonomous region (Jewish) and autonomous okrugs.

Autonomies are national-state formations distinguished by their special national composition and way of life of the population. If the autonomous region was established as a universal form of autonomy, applicable in any part of the federation (Volga region, North Caucasus, Far East), then the autonomous district (until 1977 - national district) was considered as a form of national statehood of small peoples and ethnic groups of the North, Siberia and Far East.

Most of the autonomous okrugs are part of the territories and regions. Autonomous regions and districts exercised administrative self-government in matters of their internal life. This legally placed them in the position of administrative units within a territory or region, although as subjects of the Federation they had the status of a state. formations.
The autonomous region and autonomous okrugs have elements of constituent power. This is manifested in their right to adopt their charters, and on issues of their own and joint competence with the Federation - laws and other regulations. They are mandatory for execution in the relevant territory.

The Autonomous Okrug is an equal subject of the Russian Federation:

• has its own legislation (charter and other legal acts);
• has its own territory (cannot be changed without the consent of the subject) and population;
• is independent in resolving issues within the jurisdiction of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (within the powers of the autonomous region);
• independently participates in international and foreign economic relations and has the right to enter into agreements both at the international and federal levels.

An autonomous district, if relations with the region or region of which it is a part are not settled, has the right to conclude an appropriate agreement with it.

Territories, regions, cities of federal significance have their own territory. It cannot be changed without their consent. The borders between them and other subjects of the Russian Federation can be changed only with their consent. Territories and regions have their own administrative centers. Bodies of representative, executive and judicial power are formed in territorial subjects. They operate on the basis of the Russian Federation, as well as the statutes of the territory, region, and city of federal significance. It should be noted that previously the authorities of territories, regions, cities of republican significance were classified by law as local authorities. Currently, they are not classified as such, but are government bodies. authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Territories, regions, cities of federal significance have the right to have their own symbols.

Cities of federal significance, in addition, differ from other subjects of the Federation by combining both the status of a subject of the Federation and the status of a populated area - a city. The remaining subjects, being territorial units, on the contrary, include cities, other settlements, etc. Finally, the status of Moscow includes at least four legal aspects. Moscow acts as a populated area - a city; subject of the Federation - a city of federal significance; administrative center of another subject - the Moscow region; capital of the Russian Federation.

1. Altai Territory (Barnaul)

2. Kamchatka region (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky)

3. Khabarovsk Territory (Khabarovsk)

4. Krasnodar region (Krasnodar)

5. Krasnoyarsk region (Krasnoyarsk)

6. Perm region (Perm)

7. Primorsky Krai (Vladivostok)

8. Stavropol Territory (Stavropol)

9. Transbaikal region (Chita)

The republics within the Russian Federation have the greatest amount of powers, and the autonomous okrugs and autonomous regions have the least, since they are part of other constituent entities of the Russian Federation (territories and regions), and therefore partially depend on the decisions of government bodies. The territories and regions within the Russian Federation have approximately equal amounts of powers.

Cities of federal significance have a special status among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. They represent the Russian Federation and are its “face”.

The Constitution of the Russian Federation determines the status of the subjects of the Federation. Subjects of the Russian Federation equal rights but still have some features in the legal status.

The list of subjects of the Russian Federation is given in Art. 65 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. As already noted, the subjects that make up the Russian Federation can be divided into three groups depending on the combination of national and territorial principles during their formation, as well as the characteristics of their status: 1) republic (state); 2) autonomous region or autonomous districts (national-state or autonomous entities); 3) territories, regions and cities of federal significance (territorial-state entities). The Russian Federation includes subjects with different constitutional and legal status, which allows us to consider Russia asymmetrical federation

Republic differ in their status from other subjects primarily in that they are recognized at the constitutional level states (Part 2 Article 5, Part 1 Article 66) and have all its features, except sovereignty, have their own Constitution, legislation adopted by them independently, your state language, used along with Russian. Like other subjects of the Federation, they have a system of republican government bodies and other attributes of state power.

Autonomous region and autonomous okrugs are national state entities. Their status is determined by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the charter (by its legal nature it is identical to the constitutions of the republics), adopted by each subject independently. Certain provisions are also established by the federal law on an autonomous region or autonomous district, which can be adopted upon the proposal of the legislative or executive bodies of these subjects (Part 3 of Article 66 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation). The Federal Constitution also determines that relations between autonomous okrugs that are part of a territory or region may be regulated by federal law and an agreement between the state authorities of these subjects (Article 66). Some autonomous okrugs, while directly part of the Russian Federation, are also part of other constituent entities of the Russian Federation (for example, the Nenets Autonomous Okrug within the Arkhangelsk Region). The Russian Federation has two regions separated from the main part of the state's territory: the Sakhalin region is separated from the Russian mainland by the Tatar Strait, the Kaliningrad region is the territory of foreign states.

Territorial-state entities , although created on a territorial basis, have a similar legal status to autonomous entities. However, unlike the latter, their status is determined only by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the charter adopted by the entity independently; the creation of a special federal law (as for autonomy) is not provided for by the Constitution of the Russian Federation for them.

At the same time, a manifestation of the principle of equality of subjects of the Russian Federation is the presence of a number of other general characteristics their status, which simultaneously indicate their independence as special state entities.

1. The Constitution of the Russian Federation, on the one hand, determines the unity of the legal basis of the Federation, the obligation of subjects to follow in their law-making activities the federal legislation adopted on issues of jurisdiction of the Russian Federation (Articles 4 and 76), and on the other hand, in the same Art. 76 defines the possibility of independent law-making in an area outside the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and its constituent entities (Part 4).

Thus, the subjects of the Federation have legal opportunities to independently create constitutions (charters) and their own legislation.

• 2. It is impossible to change the status of subjects without their consent (Part 5 of Article 66 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation).
• 3. Subjects of the Russian Federation independently establish and change their name. The new name of the subject of the Russian Federation is included in Art. 65 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation by decree of the President of the Russian Federation.
• 4. Subjects of the Russian Federation have the right have their own symbols: coat of arms, anthem, flag, capital (of a republic) or administrative center (other entities).
• 5. Subjects of the Russian Federation have their own territory. The territory of a subject of the Russian Federation can be changed only with its consent. The borders between the subjects of the Federation can be changed with their mutual consent. Such a change is subject to approval by the Federation Council. Subjects of the Russian Federation, in accordance with federal legislation, independently establish the administrative-territorial structure of their territory.
• 6. State property in the Russian Federation is divided into federal and property of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. However, subjects of the Russian Federation do not have the right to declare land, other natural resources and other material objects exclusively their property on the basis that they are located on the territory of a subject of the Russian Federation.

At the same time, it is important to note as a moment of independence of the subjects of the Russian Federation that they have their own property, their own budget (and property of territorial state extra-budgetary funds of a subject of the Federation).

• 7. Subjects of the Russian Federation have their own system of government bodies, which, according to the Constitution of the Russian Federation (Part 1 of Article 77), is established independently, but in accordance with the fundamentals of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation and the general principles of the organization of representative and executive bodies of state power established by federal law. Such a law is the already mentioned Federal Law of October 6, 1999 No. 184-FZ. It is worth mentioning here some basic constitutional rules, which predetermine the procedure for the creation and activities of bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. They are common to all types of subjects of the Federation:
• 1) subjects does not have the right to create any emergency bodies or organs not consistent with the republican form of government (Part 1 of Article 1 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation) and the principle of separation of powers (Article 10). For example, the creation at the level of a republic of a monarchical state or a Soviet system of organizing power is unacceptable;
• 2) the presence of public authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation does not interfere with the exercise of power by public authorities of the Russian Federation throughout the entire territory of Russia, including the territories of specific constituent entities. At the same time, subjects are obliged to facilitate the work of federal authorities;
• 3) federal executive authorities to exercise their powers can create their own territorial bodies and appoint relevant officials (Part 1 of Article 78 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation), including those operating in the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
• 4) within the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and its powers on issues of joint jurisdiction, federal executive authorities and executive authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation form a unified system of executive power in the Russian Federation (Part 2 of Article 77 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation). Thus, the executive authorities of the Federation will be superior to the authorities of its subjects in this area;
• 5) each subject of the Russian Federation participates in the formation of federal authorities, for example, the Federation Council (the upper house of the Russian parliament);
• 6) the status of a subject of the Russian Federation is also characterized by the fact that it has the right to international and foreign economic relations (clause "o" part 1 of article 72 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation). But that's right is not absolute , since the Russian Federation coordinates this kind of activity of its subjects.

What is also common to the status of all subjects of the Russian Federation is that, regardless of their species, have equal rights to interact with federal authorities.

Each subject of the Russian Federation sends two representatives to the Federation Council; heads of constituent entities are members of the State Council of the Russian Federation on an equal basis; subjects of the Federation establish permanent missions under the Government of the Russian Federation; participate in the federal legislative process (legislative initiative, preparation of opinions on draft federal laws in the sphere of joint jurisdiction, initiative to amend the Constitution of the Russian Federation and revise it).

• See about this, for example: Kokotov A. N. Constitutional law of Russia: course of lectures. – 2nd ed. – M.: Prospekt, 2009. – P. 142.
• At the same time, in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation of October 25, 1991 No. 1807-1 “On the languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation,” the alphabets of the state language of the Russian Federation and the state languages ​​of the republics are built on the graphic basis of the Cyrillic alphabet. Other graphic bases of the alphabets of the state language of the Russian Federation and the state languages ​​of the republics may be established by federal laws.
• See: Resolution of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation dated 06/07/2000 No. 10-P “In the case of verifying the constitutionality of certain provisions of the Constitution of the Altai Republic and the Federal Law “On the General Principles of Organization of Legislative (Representative) and Executive Bodies of State Power of the Subjects of the Russian Federation”" and definition Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation dated June 27, 2000 No. 92-0 "At the request of a group of deputies of the State Duma to verify the compliance of the Constitution of the Russian Federation with certain provisions of the constitutions of the Republic of Adygea, the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Republic of Ingushetia, the Komi Republic, the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania and the Republic of Tatarstan."
• See: Federal Law No. 4-FZ of January 4, 1999 “On the coordination of international and foreign economic relations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.”