The essence of the concept of “belief. What is Persuasion? Positive and Negative Beliefs of a Person Is Belief Good? Positive and negative points

Today on the blog: How the psychology of persuasion works, psychological techniques of persuasion, how you can convince another person, or, if you like, the art of persuasion.
(see psychological games)

Greetings, dear blog readers, I wish everyone mental health.

Psychology of human persuasion - impact on consciousness

The psychology of human persuasion is based on the fact that, when persuading, the speaker influences the consciousness of the person being persuaded, turning to her own critical judgment. The essence psychology of persuasion serves to clarify the meaning of the phenomenon, cause-and-effect relationships and relationships, highlighting the social and personal significance of solving a particular issue.

Convictions appeal to analytical thinking, in which the power of logic and evidence prevail and the persuasiveness of the arguments presented is achieved. Convincing a person as a psychological influence should create in a person the conviction that the other is right and his own confidence in the correctness of the decision being made.

Psychology of human persuasion and the role of the speaker

The perception of persuasive information depends on who is communicating it, how much an individual or the audience as a whole trusts the source of information. Trust is the perception of a source of information as competent and reliable. A person who convinces someone of something can create an impression of his competence in three ways.

First- begin to express judgments with which the listeners agree. Thus, he will gain a reputation as an intelligent person.

Second- be presented as a specialist in the field.

Third- speak confidently, without a shadow of doubt.

Reliability depends on the manner in which the persuader speaks. People trust a speaker more when they are sure that he has no intention of convincing them of anything. Those people who defend something that goes against their own interests also seem to be truthful. Confidence in the speaker and confidence in his sincerity increase if the one who convinces the person speaks quickly. Fast speech, in addition, deprives listeners of the opportunity to find counterarguments.

The attractiveness of the communicator (persuader) also affects the effectiveness of the psychology of persuasion of a person. The term “attractiveness” refers to several qualities. This is both the beauty of a person and the similarity with us: if the speaker has either one or the other, the information seems more convincing to listeners.

Psychology of human persuasion and the role of the listener

People with an average level of self-esteem are the easiest to persuade. Older people are more conservative in their views than younger people. At the same time, attitudes formed in adolescence and early adolescence can remain for life, since the impressions acquired at this age are deep and unforgettable.

In a state of strong arousal, agitation, and anxiety of a person, his psychology of persuasion (compliance with persuasion) increases. A good mood often promotes persuasion, partly because it promotes positive thinking and partly because it creates a connection between a good mood and a message. People in a good mood tend to see the world through rose-colored glasses. In this state, they make more hasty, impulsive decisions, relying, as a rule, on indirect signs of information. It is no coincidence, obviously, that many business issues, such as closing deals, are decided in the restaurant.

Conformers are more easily persuaded (easily accepting the opinions of others) (test: Personality Theory). Women are more susceptible to persuasion than men. It may not be particularly effective psychology of persuasion in relation to men with a low level of self-esteem, who are acutely worried, as it seems to them, about their uselessness, alienation, who are prone to loneliness, aggressive or suspicious, and not stress-resistant.

In addition, the higher a person's intelligence, the more critical their attitude to the proposed content is, the more often they assimilate information but disagree with it.

Psychology of human persuasion: logic or emotions

Depending on the listener, a person is more convinced either by logic and evidence (if the person is educated and has an analytical mind), or by an influence directed to emotions (in other cases).

The psychology of persuasion can be effective when it influences a person and causes fear. This psychology of persuasion is more effective when they not only scare with the possible and probable negative consequences of a certain behavior, but also offer specific ways to solve the problem (for example, diseases, the picture of which is not difficult to imagine, are more frightening than diseases about which people have a very vague idea ).

However, using fear to persuade and influence a person cannot cross a certain line when this method turns into information terrorism, which is often observed when advertising various medicines on radio and television. For example, we are told with enthusiasm how many millions of people around the world suffer from this or that disease, how many of the population, according to doctors, should get the flu this winter, etc. And this is repeated not just day after day, but almost every hour, and It is completely ignored that there are easily suggestible people who will begin to invent these diseases in themselves, run to the pharmacy and swallow medications that are not only useless in this case, but also harmful to health.

Unfortunately, intimidation in the absence of an accurate diagnosis is often used by doctors, which goes against the first medical commandment “do no harm.” At the same time, it does not take into account that the source of information that deprives a person of mental and psychological peace may be denied trust.

A person is more convinced by the information that comes first (primacy effect). However, if some time passes between the first and second messages, then the second message has a stronger persuasive effect, since the first has already been forgotten (recency effect).

Psychology of human persuasion and the way information is received

It has been established that the arguments (arguments) given by another person convince us more strongly than similar arguments given to ourselves. The weakest are those given mentally, somewhat stronger are those given to oneself out loud, and the strongest are those given by another, even if he does it at our request.

Psychology of persuasion. Methods:

fundamental: represents a direct appeal to the interlocutor, who is immediately and openly introduced to all the information that makes up
the basis for proving the correctness of the proposal;

contradiction method: is based on identifying contradictions in the arguments of the person being persuaded and on carefully checking one’s own arguments for consistency in order to prevent a counter-offensive;

"draw conclusions" method: arguments are not presented all at once, but gradually, step by step, seeking agreement at each stage;

"chunks" method: the arguments of the person being persuaded are divided into strong (accurate), medium (controversial) and weak (erroneous); They try not to touch the former, but the main blow is dealt to the latter;

ignore method: if the fact stated by the interlocutor cannot be refuted;

accent method: emphasis is placed on the arguments presented by the interlocutor and corresponding to common interests (“you say it yourself...”);

two-way argumentation method: for greater persuasiveness, first outline the advantages and then the disadvantages of the proposed solution
question; it is better if the interlocutor learns about the shortcomings from the persuader than from others, which will give him the impression that the persuader is unbiased (this method is especially effective when persuading an educated person, while a poorly educated person lends itself better to one-sided argumentation);

“Yes, but...” method: used in cases where the interlocutor provides convincing evidence of the advantages of his approach to resolving the issue; first they agree with the interlocutor, then after a pause they provide evidence of the shortcomings of his approach;

apparent support method: this is a development of the previous method: the interlocutor’s arguments are not refuted, but, on the contrary, new arguments are presented
in their support. Then, when he has the impression that the persuader is well informed, counterarguments are given;

boomerang method: the interlocutor is given back his own arguments, but directed in the opposite direction; arguments "for" turn into arguments
"against".

The psychology of persuasion is effective when:

1. when it concerns one need of the subject or several, but of equal strength;

2. when carried out against the background of low intensity of the persuader’s emotions; excitement and agitation are interpreted as uncertainty and reduce the effectiveness of his argumentation; outbursts of anger and swearing cause a negative reaction from the interlocutor;

3. when we are talking about minor issues that do not require a reorientation of needs;

4. when the persuader is confident in the correctness of the proposed solution; in this case, a certain dose of inspiration, an appeal not only to the mind, but also to the emotions of the interlocutor (through “contagion”) will help enhance the effect of persuasion;

5. when not only one’s own is proposed, but the argumentation of the person being persuaded is also considered; this gives a better effect than repeated repetitions of one’s own arguments;

6. when argumentation begins with a discussion of those arguments on which it is easier to reach agreement; you need to ensure that the person being persuaded more often agrees with the arguments: the more assents you can get, the greater the chances of achieving success;

7. when an argumentation plan has been developed that takes into account the opponent’s possible counterarguments; this will help build the logic of the conversation and make it easier for the opponent to understand the position of the persuader.

The psychology of human persuasion is appropriate then:

1. When the importance of the proposal, the possibility and ease of its implementation are shown;

2. When they present different points of view and analyze forecasts (if they are convinced, including negative ones);

3. When the significance of the advantages of a proposal is increased and the magnitude of its disadvantages is reduced;

4. When the individual characteristics of the subject, his educational and cultural level are taken into account and the arguments that are closest and most understandable to him are selected;

5. When a person is not directly told that he is wrong, in this way one can only hurt his pride - and he will do everything to defend himself, his position (it is better to say: “Perhaps I’m wrong, but let’s see...”);

6. When, in order to overcome the negativism of the interlocutor, they create the illusion that the proposed idea belongs to him (to do this, it is enough just to lead him to the appropriate thought and provide him with the opportunity to draw a conclusion); do not parry the interlocutor’s argument immediately and with apparent ease, he will perceive this as disrespect for himself or as an underestimation of his problems (what torments him for a long time is resolved to others in a matter of seconds);

7. When in a dispute it is not the personality of the interlocutor that is criticized, but the arguments he gives, which are controversial or incorrect from the point of view of the person persuading (it is advisable to preface the criticism by admitting that the person being convinced is right in something, this will help to avoid his offense);

8. When they argue as clearly as possible, periodically checking whether the subject understands you correctly; arguments do not draw out, as this is usually associated with the speaker having doubts; phrases that are short and simple in construction are built not according to the norms of the literary language, but according to the laws of oral speech; use pauses between arguments, since the flow of arguments in monologue mode dulls the attention and interest of the interlocutor;

9. When the subject is included in the discussion and decision-making, since people better adopt the views in which they take part;

10. When they oppose their point of view calmly, tactfully, without mentoring.

This concludes the review of the psychology of human persuasion; I hope that the post was useful.
I wish everyone good luck!

a form of relationship in which a person's views and beliefs are changed without violence. Each person has his own beliefs, stable conscious structures in different areas of life, which serve as a guide for the individual to assess the situation and choose a course of action. Beliefs are formed on the basis of social consciousness, social practice, upbringing, education and the environment

Great definition

Incomplete definition ↓

BELIEF

the belief that a proposed idea or system of ideas should be accepted on the basis of existing grounds. The subject of a teaching can be not only a separate statement, but also a coherent system of statements: a message about some events, proof, concept, theory, etc. U. does not coincide either with the truth or with faith, devoid of any clear foundation (“blind faith”). When a statement is true, the situation it describes actually exists. But if a statement represents someone's Y, this does not mean that something actually corresponds to it. Unlike pure faith, which can serve as its own basis, faith presupposes a certain foundation. The latter may be completely fantastic or even internally contradictory, but, nevertheless, it must exist.

U. is one of the central categories of human life and activity, and at the same time a complex, contradictory, and difficult to analyze category. Millions of people can be convinced that they are called to build a “new beautiful world”, and they, living in poverty and making incredible sacrifices, will see the shoots of this world everywhere. On the other hand, there are people who cannot be convinced of the simplest mathematical truths. Thus, A. Schopenhauer called the proof of the Pythagorean theorem a “mousetrap” and refused to accept it; T. Hobbes, having read this proof, exclaimed: “God, but this is impossible!”; I. Newton, on the contrary, reading Euclid’s geometry as a student, skipped the proofs of theorems, considering them obvious and therefore unnecessary.

Doctrines include not only ideas about reality (its descriptions), but also its assessments, ideals, creeds, norms, plans, etc. A person acts on the basis of his existing commands; their change entails a change in his behavior.

Among the many sciences that study logic (psychology, logic, linguistics, rhetoric, etc.), theory is closest to the philosophy of argumentation. It explores the methods of substantiating and refuting the doctrine, the dependence of these methods on the audience and the problem under discussion, the uniqueness of justification in different areas of thinking and activity, etc.

The reasons for accepting statements and turning them into U. can be very different. Some statements are accepted because they seem to be true descriptions of the real state of affairs, others are accepted as useful advice or warnings, others are accepted as effective assessments or norms, etc. It is impossible to create a complete list of grounds for accepting statements or groups of statements. There is also no formal, even preliminary, classification of such grounds. At the same time, there are certain techniques that make it possible, with varying probability, to induce a person to accept some statements and reject others. Among such well-known techniques are reference to empirical data, to existing logical proofs, to certain methodological considerations, to particularly insightful intuition, to common sense or taste, to causation or the relationship between ends and means, etc. The theory of argumentation does not say anything about why certain people or groups of people share some - reasonable or, on the contrary, absurd - principles. Its task is to study and systematize those techniques, or methods, reasoning with the help of which one can try to convince an individual or a group of people in the necessity or advisability of accepting certain statements.

P Alekseev A.P. Argumentation. Cognition. Communication. M., 1991; Ivin A.A. Basics of the theory of argumentation. M., 1997; Rescher N. Plausible Reasoning. Amsterdam, 1976; Eemeren F. van, Grootendorst R., Kruger T. Handbook of Argumentation Theory. Dordrecht, 1987.

Great definition

Incomplete definition ↓

The essence of the concept of “belief”

Belief is one of the central categories of human life and activity. A person acts on the basis of his beliefs; a change in belief is at the same time a change in his behavior. Conviction is not only an idea of ​​reality, but also its assessments, ideals, creeds, norms, plans, etc. .

In the process of persuasion, psychologists distinguish six main stages:

1. Presentation of the message to the addressee (target group). If the target of the belief does not see or hear the message, it will not influence him.

2. Paying attention to the message. The person being persuaded must pay attention to the message, otherwise the purpose of the message will not be achieved.

3. Understanding information. For a message to have an impact, the person being persuaded must at least understand its essence.

4. Acceptance of the conclusion dictated by the message. In order for the attitude to change, the target of the persuasive influence must accept the conclusion dictated by the message.

5. Consolidate the new installation. If the new attitude is forgotten, the message loses its ability to influence the future behavior of the target of belief.

6. Translation of attitude into behavior. If the purpose of the message was to influence behavior, then in the relevant situation the behavior should be guided by a new attitude.

Also, the effectiveness of persuasive influence, in addition to what was highlighted earlier, is greatly influenced by the environment in which the interaction takes place. To begin, we will provide some typical and striking examples of influence that can be observed in three different interaction environments: the interpersonal environment, the deliberate environment of persuasion, and the mass media.

One of the differences between these spheres of influence is how personal, or individualized, they are. The second difference lies in the degree or breadth of coverage of the target audience to which the influence is directed.

The most individualized situations of influence occur in an interpersonal environment, where the number of direct participants is small and communication between the agent of influence and his object occurs face to face. A specially created persuasion environment is also a fairly common option. Here the communicator, usually speaking to listeners, tries to persuade the audience to agree with some statement or take some action. The process of persuasion involves one agent of influence trying to influence a target audience consisting of many people at the same time.

The specially created environment of persuasion is less individualized than the environment of interpersonal interaction. Despite this, many communicators achieve significant success by captivating audiences with them, their appeals being so effective and passionate that we give them the title of charismatic personalities.

Influence is also exercised in the environment characteristic of the media. Stories broadcast on television, radio and print media influence millions of people around the globe. By their nature, these messages are the least individualized. They are united not only by being intended for the general public and being full of meaning for many, but also by the fact that they are all transmitted indirectly.

The ultimate goal of any subject of influence is to correct, change the behavior of the object of this influence. Behavior change is the most appropriate name for all influence games.

However, can we consider that the attempt to influence has completely failed if the behavior of the object of influence has not changed in any way? In most cases, no. The effort put into trying to influence a person can cause a change in their beliefs or attitudes. The way a person evaluates his relationships with the world around him reflects his attitudes.

An attitude is dispositional in the sense that it is an acquired, learned tendency to think about an object, person, or problem in a particular way. Changing the target's attitude or belief brings considerable benefits to the agent of influence, since internal changes often create the preconditions for further changes in behavior. The existing positive attitude can make a person more receptive in the future.

There are fourteen rules that can convince an interlocutor:

1. The first rule (Homer's Rule): the order of the arguments presented affects their persuasiveness. The most convincing order of arguments is: strong - medium - one is the strongest.

2. Second rule (Socrates' Rule): in order to obtain a positive decision on an important issue for the persuader, you need to put him in third place, presenting him with two short, simple questions for the interlocutor, to which he will answer “yes” without difficulty.

3. Third rule (Pascal's Rule): you should not drive your interlocutor into a corner. We need to give him the opportunity to “save face.” Often the interlocutor does not agree with us only because agreement is associated in his mind with the loss of his dignity. For example, an open threat is perceived as a challenge, and in order not to appear cowardly, a person acts contrary to what is required, perhaps even to his own detriment. Or when we have caught the interlocutor in something that discredits his dignity, then agreeing with him means recognizing a negative assessment of his personality.

4. Fourth rule: the persuasiveness of arguments largely depends on the image and status of the persuader. It’s one thing when the person persuading is an authoritative, respected person, it’s another thing when he’s insignificant and not taken seriously.

A high official or social position, outstanding success in any field of activity, education, recognition of merit by others, high personal qualities raise the status of a person, and with it the weight of his arguments. The support of the collective also increases the status of the individual, since the status of the collective is higher than the status of any of its members.

5. Fifth rule: a person should not drive himself into a corner or lower his status. You should avoid apologizing (without proper reasons) and showing signs of insecurity.

6. Sixth rule: no need to belittle the status of your interlocutor. Any manifestation of disrespect or disregard for the interlocutor diminishes his status and, as a rule, causes a negative reaction.

7. Seventh rule: a person treats the arguments of a pleasant interlocutor with condescension, and treats the arguments of an unpleasant one with prejudice. One of the rules for conducting a business conversation states that the task of the first part of the conversation is to create an atmosphere of mutual trust.

8. Eighth rule: if you want to convince, you need to start not with dividing points, but with what your opponents agree on. Let these be even minor circumstances in the interlocutor’s statement. If you completely disagree with anything (which happens, of course, extremely rarely), then you need to thank at least the fact that the interlocutor clearly stated his position, that you were interested in getting to know his point of view on the problem, etc. Then you need to present your arguments, leading the interlocutor to your conclusions.

9. The ninth rule: you must show empathy. Empathy is the ability to understand the emotional state of another person in the form of empathy. Empathy helps to better understand the interlocutor, imagine his train of thoughts, as they say, “get into his shoes.”

Many of the above rules are interrelated with each other. For example, without showing empathy, it is impossible to fulfill the first rule (Homer). Indeed, the strength of the arguments must be assessed from the point of view of the decision maker, that is, the person must, as it were, put himself in his place. The same applies to the rules of Socrates and Pascal - you need to anticipate the interlocutor’s reaction to your words, that is, again show empathy for him. To use status in the process of persuasion (rules 4 and 6), it is also necessary to evaluate statuses from the point of view of the interlocutor. Empathy is also necessary to fulfill the next rule.

10. Tenth rule: you need to be a good listener. A careful analysis of disputes reveals that many of them flare up because those arguing are often talking about several different things, but do not understand it.

Therefore, attentive listening is the key to persuasiveness: you will never convince your interlocutor if you do not understand his train of thought. In addition, an attentive listener wins over the interlocutor, that is, he uses rule 7.

11. Eleventh rule: you need to check whether you understand your interlocutor correctly. The most common words have many meanings depending on the context. This is typical for any language (for example, in English, the 500 most common words have an average of 28 meanings, and Russian is no exception).

12. Twelfth rule: conflictogens must be avoided. Conflict triggers are words, actions (or inactions) that can lead to conflict. The literal translation of this word is “giving rise to conflicts,” because the ending “gen” in a compound word means “born.”

13. Thirteenth rule: you need to monitor facial expressions, gestures and postures - yours and your interlocutor’s. The process of persuasion is hampered by our ignorance of what the listener thinks about our words. Interlocutors are not always frank. Knowledge of sign language and postures helps here. The fact is that, unlike speech and facial expressions, we do not control our gestures and postures; this happens unconsciously.

14. Fourteenth rule: it is necessary to show that what you offer satisfies some of the needs of the interlocutor.

Needs are divided into five levels:

Physiological needs (food, water, sleep, shelter, etc.);

The need for security, confidence in the future;

The need to belong to some community (family, friends, team, etc.);

The need for respect, recognition;

The need for self-realization, manifestation of one’s capabilities; spiritual needs.

The persuasion procedure includes four types of persuasive influences:

Informing

Explanation

Proof

Refutation.

1. Information.

Before acting, a person must be informed of what needs to be done. At the same time, he needs to realize whether it is worth doing and whether he can do it. To do this, you should inform the listener about the value of the goal, its achievability, and even better, about the means to achieve it.

2. Explanation.

The main types of explanation: instructive, narrative, reasoning.

Instructional explanation is carried out when the listener is required to remember what and how to do;

Narrative explanation is akin to telling a story;

Reasoning explanation aims to intensify the mental activity of the listener. To enhance the impact, arguments for and against are given, questions are posed to yourself and the listener.

3. Proof.

It is based on the laws of logic: the law of identity, the law of contradiction, the excluded middle and the law of sufficient reason.

When persuasion-proof, one must constantly take into account the need to satisfy human needs.

A person reluctantly moves to a higher level of needs without satisfying the lower one. Once the need is satisfied, interest moves to a higher level of need and this becomes the strongest motive at the moment.

These patterns must be taken into account when constructing evidence, and even more so when constructing refutations.

4. Refutation.

If views differ, then in order to prove that you are right, you need to refute the point of view of your interlocutor.

This is the most difficult moment of persuasion, since people have great difficulty changing their views. Here it is especially important to follow the above rules of persuasion No. 3, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, so as not to injure the self-esteem of the interlocutor.

Psychologists consider the classic scheme of persuasion of a sequential influence on a person’s consciousness, which is well tested (in particular, by the experience of successful advertising campaigns): attention - interest - desire - action.

Attention can be attracted by the unusualness of the presentation, its form, and visual means.

Interest arises when the listener understands that he can satisfy some of his needs.

The desire will arise when he sees that the goal is achievable.

Action is the result of a desire and a hint about what needs to be done.

There are visual aids that help attract attention: videos, slides, posters. The following are very convincing: graphs, diagrams, charts.

Of course, preparing visual materials requires effort, time, and money, but the loss from not convincing the audience or management can be so significant that you should not forget about it.

If all people thought alike, then no one would play at the races (Mark Twain)

One day, on New Year’s Eve, I found myself at a corporate party hosted by the company where I worked at the time. It was a lot of fun. The company was good, young, easy-going. Everyone quickly dropped formalities and began to communicate with that charming ease that arises either between old acquaintances or after a heavy dose of whiskey.

I didn’t drink that evening because I was driving. And the rest of the girls at the party, in general, did not drink too much alcohol, but our men made up for their drinking quota for two, which did not quite correspond to corporate etiquette, but was quite consistent with the Russian people’s ideas about the holiday! At some point, the husband of senior analyst Elena had too much to drink. However, we would hardly have known about this if Elena had not informed us all.

Look at him! – she was indignant. - Yes, he’s already standing on his horns! He has a glassy look. Well, who gets drunk like that in polite society!

Elena alternated her loud accusatory speeches with indignant hisses at her husband: “Stop it, you’re disgracing me. How much can you drink? At least have a snack” and so on. For some time, her husband brushed her off like an intrusive fly. Eventually Elena jumped up and threw a tantrum. After which all the party guests found out that Elena’s husband was drunk and she was unhappy.

- You disgraced me! - Elena screamed.

It seemed to me, as a sober person, that it was mainly Elena herself who was disgracing herself, because while she was silent, none of the guests counted the glasses her husband drank and generally did not pay the slightest attention to his behavior. She herself, with her overly judgmental attitude towards what was happening, focused on the drunken state of her man, without achieving anything good.

It’s worth thinking about: is a man who had too much alcohol at a party a tragedy on a universal scale? Shame on his companion's head? A terrible hassle for your wife? Perhaps, if you take it that way.

However, in any situation there is hidden benefits, I have more than once come across women who perceived an obscenely drunk gentleman as:

1. a repentant sinner who was ready the next morning to atone for his offense with kind words and generous gifts;
2. a reason to escape the party with a more sober and attractive admirer;
3. a sign from above that the time has come to change the gentleman.

Our life is what we are.

Any situation, even the most deplorable at first glance, can potentially contain enormous hidden benefits. The main thing is to see them! Unleash the full potential of the current situation. To do this, try to stop giving excessive importance to your beliefs. You should not so sacredly believe in the truths you have previously learned. For example, your husband cheated on you once, and on this basis you came to the conclusion that “all men cheat.” Or, let’s say, you don’t have a single friend who got rich honestly. Based on this, you are imbued with the conviction that “all rich people are swindlers, and honest people always languish in poverty.” But what is your belief really: the ultimate truth or ordinary prejudice? It is quite possible that some of your beliefs have long been outdated and have lost their relevance. Stop clinging to them! Whether we like it or not, we are all like biorobots working out our unconscious hidden beliefs embedded in the subconscious.

Alas, not all settings that end up in our file cabinet turn out to be useful to us in the future. Some beliefs, for example: “I am an intelligent and resourceful person, I can easily find a way out of any situation” work for us, helping us and making our lives easier. Others, like: “There are only scoundrels around, all people are traitors. They only think about how to use me,” on the contrary, they quite poison our lives.

Most people don't think about it. They live their whole lives, sometimes with the most absurd delusions and say to themselves: “This is not who we are, this is how life is.” In fact.

Most people spend a lot of time, effort and nerves to change the world around them, their loved ones or their position in society. But in fact, it’s much easier to start with yourself. Try to understand and change your beliefs. And your life will begin to transform much faster.

How to identify your negative beliefs

There are several ways to go here. Write it down right away. The first is to simply remember all those thoughts that give rise to unhappy experiences in you. They usually lie “on the surface” and you can easily remember them.

You just need to immediately write them down on paper so as not to forget. This is how negative beliefs are usually identified during one or two-day trainings. There is little time, so there is no time to delve particularly deeply into one’s experiences. Therefore, 5-6 of the most obvious negative beliefs are selected, and work is carried out to replace them with positive attitudes.

For example, these may be experiences that are well known to you: I am worthless. I look terrible. I weigh too much. I don't know how to make money. Nobody will love me. And so on.

It is important here not to invent some of your own shortcomings, but to write what relates to real, deep-seated BELIEFS. If you somehow permanently replace these beliefs with positive ones, then you get an excellent result. But it will not be final, since most people have hundreds, if not thousands, of negative beliefs about themselves.

Don't believe me? Now make sure. To do this, let's move on. Second way. A lot of negative beliefs can be identified if you write at least one Expanded Forgiveness Formula (RFF). You can find out what it is and how to do it by watching Alexander Sviyash’s video tutorial.

How to compose an Expanded Forgiveness Formula.

Only those people who have written at least one Expanded Forgiveness Formula (EPF) can read further. What do we erase with the Expanded Forgiveness Formula (EPF)? Some of our specific experiences. And since experiences arose, it means that something gave birth to them. And not even something, but the DIFFERENCE OF OUR EXPECTATIONS (aka beliefs) WITH REALITY.

All we have to do is take our Expanded Forgiveness Formula and pull out those negative beliefs that gave rise to our experiences. Especially a lot of them can be pulled out from the First Section of the RFP, where we ask for forgiveness for our behavior. We behaved disgustingly for a reason, but because we were guided by some ideas. So, let's get these ideas out.

The second section of the Expanded Forgiveness Formula – “I forgive” – contains fewer opportunities to pull out our negative beliefs (since the other person behaved disgustingly). But from the Third and Fourth sections of the RFP, we can also extract many of our negative attitudes.

How to write down your negative beliefs? In a certain form.
First, write to yourself - I, to me, to me. That is, you are not writing a philosophical generalization, but ONLY WHAT RELATES TO YOU.
Then write down the belief that gave rise to your experience.
From almost every phrase of the RFP you can “pull out” some kind of belief that gave rise to your experiences.

For example:

I apologize to my husband for not spending enough time with him and not being gentle and affectionate with him, as he wanted. Negative belief: I'm not feminine. I don't know how to be affectionate and gentle.

Phrase from the Expanded Formula of Forgiveness: I apologize to my husband for denying him sex when he asked for it. Negative belief: I'm not sexy enough.

Phrase from the Expanded Formula of Forgiveness: I apologize to my husband for causing scandals, hysterics and scenes of jealousy. Negative belief: I don't know how to control my emotions. I am an emotionally disturbed person. I don’t know how to value a relationship with the man I love.

Phrase from the Expanded Formula of Forgiveness: I apologize to my husband for wanting him to belong only to me, and actively demanding this. Negative belief: I don't know how to respect my man's rights. I don't consider my man's wishes.

Phrase from the Expanded Formula of Forgiveness: I apologize to my husband for checking his phone, computer and pockets. Negative belief: I live in fear of the future, I don't trust my man.

Download breathing music. Effective Forgiveness

Based on materials from the book by Eva Berger "NLP for every day. 20 rules of a winner" and Alexander Sviyash "Start your life again. Four steps to a new reality."

Conviction is an element (quality) of a worldview that gives an individual or social group confidence in their views on the world, knowledge and assessments of reality. Beliefs guide behavior and volitional actions. The highest (absolute) degree of conviction, for many, is personified by faith (confidence).

Conviction is the belief that a proposed idea or system of ideas should be accepted on the basis of existing grounds.

Conviction does not coincide either with the truth or with faith, devoid of any clear foundations (“blind faith”). Just because a statement represents someone's belief does not mean that something actually corresponds to it. Unlike pure faith, which can serve as its own basis, belief presupposes a certain basis. The latter may be completely fantastic or even internally contradictory, but nevertheless it must exist.

Belief is one of the central categories of human life and activity. Millions of people can be convinced that they are called to build a “new beautiful world”, and they, living in poverty and making incredible sacrifices, will see the shoots of this world everywhere. On the other hand, there are people who cannot be convinced of the simplest mathematical truths. Thus, A. Schopenhauer called the proof of the Pythagorean theorem a “mousetrap” and refused to accept it; T. Hobbes, having read this proof, exclaimed: “God, but this is impossible!”; I. Newton, on the contrary, reading Euclid’s geometry as a student, skipped the proofs of theorems, considering them obvious and therefore unnecessary.

Beliefs include not only ideas about reality (its descriptions), but also its assessments, ideals, creeds, norms, plans, etc. A person acts on the basis of his existing beliefs; changing them entails a change in his behavior.

Conviction is a special quality of a person that determines the general direction of all his activities and value orientations and acts as a regulator of his consciousness and behavior. It is expressed in the subjective attitude of the individual to his actions and beliefs, associated with deep and well-founded confidence in the truth of the knowledge, principles and ideals by which he is guided. Personal needs, value orientations and social norms, realized on the basis of conviction, are organically included in the content of forms of life activity and determine the behavior of the individual. Conviction depends on the individual's experience and relationship with society. It is based on knowledge, primarily of an ideological nature, which is closely intertwined with the will, constitutes the content of the motives of activity, and forms the attitudes of the individual. Conviction is the ideological and psychological basis for the development of such volitional qualities as courage, determination, perseverance, and loyalty to ideals. But it can take perverted forms when a person uncritically assimilates certain ideas and dogmatically perceives the indisputability of certain principles and authorities.

I apologize for the long quotes, but people tried to reveal in the most accurate way the concepts that I hope to talk about in an intelligent way.

The trouble is when a person has no convictions.

It’s no less a problem when his beliefs are blind faith.

I had the opportunity to communicate on one blog or another with the most active participants of the FS. Apparently, an invitation to chat on philosophical topics produces a certain anti-selection, and such a concentration of carriers of blind faith, unable to either argue their thoughts or focus on the topic of the blog, is rare in real life. Objectively speaking, this is the strictly opposite pole of love for wisdom.

Maybe something needs to be changed in philosophy?