They are not part of the Russian Federation. Division of subjects by federal districts

Hello, dear colleague! To effectively participate in tenders (government procurement), it is necessary to narrow the search for information about ongoing tenders to a specific region or region.

Why do you need to do this? Firstly, in a single information system (www.zakupki.gov.ru) information is provided on ongoing auctions in all constituent entities of the Russian Federation and tracking the emergence of new data in all regions is a labor-intensive and useless task; Secondly, you need to take into account your capabilities (the company’s capabilities) to execute contractual obligations in case of your victory. Suppose your company is located in Moscow, and the Customer is in the Sakhalin region, you yourself understand that this additional expenses for transportation, travel expenses etc. Third, the Customers themselves are quite skeptical about procurement participants (suppliers) from other regions and are doing everything possible to ensure that the contract goes to “their own”. Therefore, you need to clearly define for yourself where you will participate and not waste your time and energy on processing all the other information.

Below I have provided data on the federal districts and their constituent entities of the Russian Federation. I hope this information will be useful to you, because... this is the main navigation tool for searching information in the Unified Information System (UIS).

I. Central Federal District (administrative center - Moscow)

1. Belgorod region

2. Bryansk region

3. Vladimir region

4. Voronezh region

5. Ivanovo region

6. Kaluga region

7. Kostroma region

8. Kursk region

9. Lipetsk region

10. Moscow region

11. Oryol Region

12. Ryazan Oblast

13. Smolensk region

14. Tambov region

15. Tver region

16. Tula region

17. Yaroslavl region

18. City federal significance Moscow

II. Southern Federal District (administrative center - Rostov-on-Don)

List of subjects included in the district:

1. Republic of Adygea

2. Republic of Kalmykia

3. Krasnodar region

4. Astrakhan region

5. Volgograd region

6. Rostov region

III. Northwestern Federal District (administrative center - St. Petersburg)

List of subjects included in the district:

1. Republic of Karelia

2. Komi Republic

3. Arhangelsk region

4. Vologda Region

5. Kaliningrad region

6. Leningrad region

7. Murmansk region

8. Novgorod region

9. Pskov region

10. Federal city of St. Petersburg

11. Nenets Autonomous Okrug

IV. Far Eastern Federal District (administrative center – Khabarovsk)

List of subjects included in the district:

1. Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

2. Kamchatka Krai

3. Primorsky Krai

4. Khabarovsk region

5. Amur region

6. Magadan Region

7. Sakhalin region

8. Jewish Autonomous Region

9. Chukotka Autonomous Okrug

V. Siberian Federal District (administrative center - Novosibirsk)

List of subjects included in the district:

1. Altai Republic

2. Republic of Buryatia

3. Republic of Tyva

4. Republic of Khakassia

5. Altai region

6. Transbaikal region

7. Krasnoyarsk region

8. Irkutsk region

9. Kemerovo region

10. Novosibirsk region

11. Omsk region

12. Tomsk region

VI. Ural Federal District (administrative center - Yekaterinburg)

List of subjects included in the district:

1. Kurgan region

2. Sverdlovsk region

3. Tyumen region

4. Chelyabinsk region

5. Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra

6. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

VII. Volga Federal District (administrative center - Nizhny Novgorod)

List of subjects included in the district:

1. Republic of Bashkortostan

2. Republic of Mari El

3. Republic of Mordovia

4. Republic of Tatarstan

5. Udmurt republic

6. Chuvash Republic

7. Kirov region

8. Nizhny Novgorod Region

9. Orenburg region

10. Penza region

11. Perm region

12. Samara Region

13. Saratov region

14. Ulyanovsk region

VIII. North Caucasus Federal District (administrative center - Pyatigorsk)

List of subjects included in the district:

1. Republic of Dagestan

2. Republic of Ingushetia

3. Kabardino-Balkarian Republic

4. Karachay-Cherkess Republic

5. Republic North Ossetia- Alanya

6. Chechen Republic

7. Stavropol region

IX. Crimean Federal District (administrative center - Simferopol)

List of subjects included in the district:

1. Republic of Crimea

2. Federal city of Sevastopol

SUBJECTS OF THE RF

republics (states) that are part of the Russian Federation, national-territorial (autonomous) state entities- autonomous region, autonomous district, territorial entities- territories, regions, cities of federal significance.

The Russian Federation as a federation consists of 21 republics. 6 territories, 49 regions, 2 federal cities, 1 autonomous region. 10 autonomous okrugs- equal subjects of the Russian Federation (Article 5 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation). The status of the S. Russian Federation is determined by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and, accordingly, the constitution and charter of the S. Russian Federation; it can be changed by mutual agreement of the Russian Federation and a subject of the Russian Federation in accordance with the Federal Law (Article 66 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation).

The Constitution of the Russian Federation abandoned the category of “sovereignty” in relation to them and uses it (Article 4) only in relation to the Russian Federation as a whole (although some republics in their constitutions call themselves sovereign states). The right of unilateral withdrawal from the Russian Federation is not provided for the Northern Russian Federation, including the republics.

S. RF have equal rights, i.e. have legally equal rights And equal responsibilities as subjects.

The situation of the S. Russian Federation is characterized by a whole set of their capabilities in federal relations from the Russian Federation. The main ones are: a) division of issues of reference between them into those. which relate to the jurisdiction only of the Russian Federation (exclusive jurisdiction of the Russian Federation) and their joint jurisdiction:

all other questions relate to your own and exclusive jurisdiction subjects of the Russian Federation: b) delimitation of subjects of jurisdiction between government agencies RF and S. RF is possible both on the basis of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and agreements between them “on the delimitation of subjects of jurisdiction and powers”: c) representation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is provided for federal level and the possibility of them raising questions before the authorities of the Russian Federation. including law legislative initiative in the State Duma. appeal to the President and Government of the Russian Federation, to the Constitutional Court.

Each State of the Russian Federation has its own fundamental act: the republics have a constitution; the rest of the States of the Russian Federation have a charter. Everyone has the right to their own legislation (i.e. laws and other normative legal acts).

Hence the general principle of the supremacy of the Federal Law. If laws are adopted on issues related to the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation, they are valid throughout the entire territory of the state and acts of the Russian Federation cannot contradict them (in case of a contradiction, the Federal Law applies). However, if an act of the S. Russian Federation is issued on issues within its jurisdiction, then it is this act that is in effect. Thus, the Constitution of the Russian Federation protects the interests of S. The Russian Federation does not allow arbitrary interference RF within its sphere of jurisdiction. In particular, in the sphere of their joint jurisdiction are administrative, administrative-procedural, labor, family, housing, land, water, forestry legislation, legislation on subsoil, on protection.

environment Each S. Russian Federation has its own organ system state power . It is established by the subject independently, however, in accordance with the basics constitutional order of the Russian Federation and the general principles of organization of representative and executive bodies of state power (Article 77 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation). The most typical system of organs: in a republic - the president (head of the republic), legislature , government, ministries and departments of the republic,, the highest arbitration court, in a number of republics - constitutional courts. prosecutor of the republic; in other parts of the Russian Federation - the governor (in Moscow - the mayor), legislative assembly, administrations (in a number of subjects - governments), departments, departments (ministries), courts, arbitration courts subject, somewhere - statutory courts or chambers, prosecutor. To exercise its powers, the Russian Federation may also have its own bodies on the territory of the Northern Russian Federation or appoint appropriate officials.

Each S.Russian Federation has its own territory. It cannot be changed without the consent of the given State of the Russian Federation, and the boundaries between them can be changed with their mutual consent. At the same time, since the territory of the Russian Federation is united, this, among other things, means that within the Russian Federation it is not allowed to establish (including the Northern Russian Federation) customs borders, fees and any other obstacles to free movement goods, services and financial resources. Such restrictions may be introduced in accordance with the Federal Law if necessary to ensure safety, protect human life and health, protect nature and cultural values.

S. RF has its own property as a variety state property(its objects, among other things, may be land, subsoil, water and other natural resources), its budget, its taxes, fees, duties and payments (as part of a single tax system, the basis of which is established by the Russian Federation).

The status of an individual in the Russian Federation is uniform and regardless of the territory of which S. Russian Federation a person lives.

S. The Russian Federation has the right to participate in international and foreign economic relations. However, this area falls under joint jurisdiction. The Russian Federation coordinates international and foreign economic relations of the Northern Russian Federation. They are obliged to take into account the interests of the Russian Federation. The creation of representative offices of the S. Russian Federation in other states is not excluded. In this case, the Russian Foreign Ministry and its bodies perform coordinating functions.

S. Russian Federation have the right to cooperate with each other. They may conclude mutual agreements, decide current issues, send delegations, representatives, etc. \"

Republics like the S. Russian Federation are allowed to have their own state language. In authorities and local government republics it is used along with state language RF. The Russian Federation guarantees the rights of indigenous peoples in accordance with generally accepted principles and norms international law"between people's treaties of the Russian Federation.

All S. Russian Federation have their own main city(capital), may have a coat of arms, flag, anthem, and other traditional signs and symbols.

Avakyan S.A.

Encyclopedia of Lawyer. 2005 .

See what “Subjects of the Russian Federation” are in other dictionaries:

State legal entities(communities) that together form the Russian Federation. The Constitution of the Russian Federation establishes six types of states of the Russian Federation: a republic within the Russian Federation, a territory, a region, a city of federal significance, an autonomous region, an autonomous ... ... Legal dictionary

State legal entities (communities) that together form the Russian Federation. In accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation of 1993, the Russian Federation consists of 21 republics, 6 territories, 49 regions, 2 cities of federal significance (Moscow ... encyclopedic Dictionary economics and law

- ... Wikipedia

subjects of the Russian Federation- state legal entities (communities) that together form the Russian Federation. The Constitution of the Russian Federation establishes six types of states. The Russian Federation is a republic within the Russian Federation, a territory, a region, a city of federal significance... Large legal dictionary

SUBJECTS OF THE RF- state legal entities (communities) that collectively form the Russian Federation. The Russian Federation consists of 89 subjects, incl. 21 republics, 6 territories, 49 regions, 2 federal cities (Moscow and Saint Petersburg), 1 autonomous region (Jewish... ... Political science: dictionary-reference book

Depending on the purpose, issuers, investors and financial intermediaries. Synonyms: Market participants valuable papers See also: Subjects of the stock market Stock markets Financial dictionary Finam ... Financial Dictionary

A subject of law is a person who, by law, has the ability to exercise rights and legal responsibilities. It is customary to include individuals and foreigners who are foreign to each other as subjects of private international law. legal entities, as well as states... Wikipedia

Multinational banks and corporations using the services of specialized brokerage firms, dealers and buying and selling agents foreign currency. See also: Foreign exchange markets Finam Financial Dictionary... Financial Dictionary

Investors, customers, work contractors, users of investment objects, suppliers, investment exchanges, banking, insurance, intermediary organizations, etc. See also: Investment activities Finam Financial Dictionary... Financial Dictionary

According to the legislation of the Russian Federation, citizens of the Russian Federation who are not limited in in the prescribed manner in their legal capacity, foreigners, stateless persons, associations of citizens. See also: Entrepreneurs Entrepreneurial activity Finam Financial Dictionary... Financial Dictionary

Good day to all! Today we'll talk about federalism and related concepts. The most obvious such concept is the subject of the Russian Federation - this is not just like that. It is the territorial-administrative units that are the components of the integrity of our country, and indeed of any federation. It is extremely important to understand this topic, because at odd times you will come across something like this during the exam.

The concept of a federal subject

A subject of the Russian Federation is a territorial-administrative and legal unit into which the federation is divided. They are highly recognized broad rights: accept own laws, have their own legislative, executive and judiciary authorities, which, as a rule, duplicate the central ones.

A federation is formed mainly either due to the need to take into account local conditions, traditions of peoples, or because the desire for independence of its territorial and administrative units is high. The first reason is more typical for Russia: our country has long been multinational. Many peoples coexisted under one state authority. That is why, with the transition to a democratic political regime, in which the right of every people to self-determination, even secession, is recognized, it is necessary contractual nature relations between federal (central) authorities and local ones.

In our country, the role of such a contractual principle is played by both the Constitution and Federal Treaty 1992. These documents record the powers federal authorities, what is under its jurisdiction, and what is under the jurisdiction of the subject of the Russian Federation. However, it is worth understanding that these laws do not fully reflect the essence of federalism, since, for example, the 1993 Constitution of the Russian Federation refers to “given from above” and not to a contractual one.

That is, the state simply created a draft Constitution, and the people voted for it in a referendum. But, for example, in the USA at the end of the 18th century after liberation war from the colonial state of Great Britain, the states argued very zealously about their rights and freedoms, many did not even want to unite into a federation. As a result, thanks largely to the figure of George Washington, it was possible to unite these disparate states into something whole - into a country.

However, it is also worth understanding that Russians have always been inert in relation to their rights in particular, and to the state in general. Only when this state brought the people to unbearable conditions, then the people simply changed the state at their own discretion.

Types of subjects of the Russian Federation

In our country there are such territorial-administrative and legal units:

Republic- This is both a form of power and a type of subject. It is usually characterized by the election of all government bodies. It has its own Constitution, which should not contradict the Constitution of the Russian Federation. It is like a state within a state with its own President and other attributes of statehood. However foreign policy, of course, limited. That is, the republics within Russia have limited sovereignty.

edge- this is usually an extremely extended one with its own administrative center territory. They usually have less independence than republics. Regions are similar to edges, only smaller in area.

Autonomous regions and territories- are distinguished according to the national-territorial principle. To understand all this, I highly recommend reading the post about this and that.

Federal cities- usually these are the capitals of states. In our country, these include Moscow and St. Petersburg. The statuses of subjects can be changed by mutual agreement of the federal and local authorities.

Powers of the federal government and constituent entities of the Russian Federation

To analyze this topic, it is best to cite the relevant provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation:

The jurisdiction of the Russian Federation includes (Article 71 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation):

a) adoption and amendment of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws, monitoring their compliance;

b) federal structure and the territory of the Russian Federation;

c) regulation and protection of human and civil rights and freedoms; citizenship in the Russian Federation; regulation and protection of rights national minorities;

d) establishing a system federal bodies legislative, executive and judiciary, the order of their organization and activities; formation of federal government bodies;

e) federal state property and its management;

f) establishing the basis federal policy And federal programs in the field of state, economic, environmental, social, cultural and national development Russian Federation;

g) establishment legal framework single market; financial, currency, credit, customs regulation, money issue, fundamentals pricing policy; federal economic services, including federal banks;

h) federal budget; federal taxes and fees; federal funds regional development;

i) federal energy systems, nuclear energy, fissile materials; federal transport, communication routes, information and communication; activities in space;

j) foreign policy and international relationships Russian Federation, international treaties of the Russian Federation; issues of war and peace;

l) foreign economic relations Russian Federation;

l) defense and security; defense production; determining the procedure for the sale and purchase of weapons, ammunition, military equipment and other military property; production toxic substances, narcotic drugs and the procedure for their use;

m) determination of status and protection state border, territorial sea, airspace, exceptional economic zone and continental shelf of the Russian Federation;

o) judicial system; prosecutor's office; criminal and penal legislation; amnesty and pardon; civil law; procedural legislation; legal regulation intellectual property;

n) federal conflict of laws;

p) meteorological service, standards, standards, metric system and calculation of time; geodesy and cartography; names geographical objects; official statistics and accounting;

With) state awards And honorary titles Russian Federation;

r) federal public service.

IN joint management The Russian Federation and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are (Article 72 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation):

a) ensuring compliance of the constitutions and laws of republics, charters, laws and other normative legal acts of territories, regions, federal cities, autonomous regions, autonomous districts with the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws;

b) protection of human and civil rights and freedoms; protection of the rights of national minorities; ensuring law and order, public safety; mode border zones;

c) issues of ownership, use and disposal of land, subsoil, water and other natural resources;

d) delimitation of state property;

e) environmental management; environmental protection and provision environmental safety; specially protected natural areas; protection of historical and cultural monuments;

e) general issues upbringing, education, science, culture, physical culture and sports;

g) coordination of health issues; protection of family, motherhood, paternity and childhood; social protection, including social Security;

h) implementation of measures to combat disasters, natural disasters, epidemics, elimination of their consequences;

i) establishment general principles taxation and fees in the Russian Federation;

j) administrative, administrative-procedural, labor, family, housing, land, water, forestry legislation, legislation on subsoil, on environmental protection;

k) personnel of judicial and law enforcement; advocacy, notary;

l) protection of the original habitat and traditional way of life of small ethnic communities;

m) establishing general principles for organizing the system of state authorities and local self-government;

o) coordination of international and foreign economic relations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, implementation international treaties Russian Federation.

Best regards, Andrey Puchkov

Russia is a multinational country with a rich history. Our country is home to many nationalities that have their own traditions and their own language. In Russia there are several types of subjects: republics, regions, territories, autonomous okrugs, autonomous regions, cities of federal significance. Let's figure out how many subjects there are in the Russian Federation and whether this value can change.

Subjects of the Russian Federation

The Russian Federation includes 85 subjects:

A detailed list can be found, for example, on the website of government bodies of the Russian Federation. The number of subjects may change over time. This is due to changes in the population and economic capabilities of the territories allocated as a separate entity.

Thus, on March 14, 2014, the Russian Federation became part of new subject- Republic of Crimea - and appeared new town federal significance - Sevastopol. Thus, today the number of subjects in the Russian Federation is 85. Before this, the Russian Federation had 83 subjects, legally established since 2003.

Depending on the meaning, each of the subjects has certain features. For example, a republic has the status of a country within a country and has its own constitution, as well as legislative and executive bodies. Regions, territories, cities of federal significance have their own regional legislatures. All laws adopted by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation must not contradict the country’s constitution and federal laws.

How do subjects differ from each other?

85 constituent entities of the Russian Federation differ from each other in the following indicators:

• population size and density;
• size of territories;
• National composition.

Each of the selected indicators is not absolute and changes over time. The dynamics of migration and economic well-being of a subject are partially reflected by population censuses.

Giving a general description of modern Russian federalism, it should be noted, firstly, that The Russian Federation is a constitutional federation. Our federation is based on the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the Federative Treaty of 1992, a number of bilateral treaties, agreements between government bodies of the Russian Federation and constituent entities of the Russian Federation. They, however, do not change the constitutional nature of the Russian Federation. They do not establish a federation, subjects of jurisdiction, powers of the Russian Federation and constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Clause 1 of part 4 of section two of the Constitution of the Russian Federation established priority constitutional norms above the norms of contracts.

Secondly, non-sovereign status of subjects of the Russian Federation is predetermined by the constitutional character of the Russian Federation and is expressed in the fact that the subjects of the Russian Federation do not form a federation, but are part of it, without having the right to secession (unilateral secession from the Russian Federation). Confirmed the absence of state sovereignty among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in a ruling dated June 7, 2000, the Court indicated that the Constitution of the Russian Federation does not allow for any other bearer of sovereignty and source of power other than the multinational people of Russia, and, therefore, does not imply the existence in the Russian Federation of any other state sovereignty other than sovereignty RF.

Third, Russian Federation - asymmetrical, national-territorial federation. The Russian Federation includes subjects with different constitutional and legal status. Among them, only republics are defined as states (Part 1, Article 5 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation). They have a number of rights that other entities do not have (for example, establishing their own state languages). Republics, autonomous regions, autonomous districts are distinguished on a national-territorial basis. They were created to ensure national self-determination of their titular peoples. The remaining subjects of the federation are territorial entities. Thus, the asymmetry of the Russian Federation stems from its simultaneous construction on a territorial and national-territorial basis.

Correlation between the competence of the Russian Federation and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. In Russia, lists of subjects of exclusive jurisdiction of the Russian Federation (Article 71 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation) and joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and constituent entities of the Russian Federation (Article 72 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation) are constitutionally established. The joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is a sphere of relations, the regulation of which is assigned by the Constitution of the Russian Federation to the competence of the Russian Federation and to the competence of its constituent entities. The subjects of jurisdiction of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are determined on a residual basis. Outside the limits of the Russian Federation's own jurisdiction and the joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the constituent entities of the Russian Federation have full state power (Article 73 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation).

Legislative decentralization. According to Art. 76 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, subjects of the Russian Federation outside the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation have the right to carry out their own legislative regulation. At the same time, by virtue of parts 5, 6 of Article 76 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws have priority in the areas of the Russian Federation’s own competence and the joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and in the sphere of the own competence of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, in the event of a collision between acts of the Russian Federation and acts of the constituent entities, normative legal acts have greater legal force the latter. Part 6 of Article 76 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation stipulates that only federal laws have less legal force, but if this rule addressed to federal laws, then it certainly applies to secondary federal acts (acts of the chambers of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, the President and the Government of the Russian Federation).

Russia is a multi-component state. In Art. 5 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation characterizes Russia as a federal state. The variety of forms that make up the federation of entities is the result of the historical development of Russia and the characteristics of its national composition. The Russian Federation consists of 6 types of subjects.

The subject of the Russian Federation - this is a generic (generalizing) concept used to designate the multi-component nature of the state territory of the Russian Federation, characterize its status, and method of formation. 1

Republics (states) - are national-state formations, within the boundaries of which national communities have self-defined, distinguished by the originality of language, culture and way of life.

The edges - these are full-fledged subjects of the federation, state entities within the Russian Federation, possessing full state power outside the competence of the Russian Federation.

Regions - they are also subjects of the federation; these are large state-territorial entities within the Russian Federation.

Federal cities (Moscow and St. Petersburg) - are territorial-state entities with a fairly homogeneous, predominantly Russian population.

Autonomous region and autonomous region - national-state formations within the Russian Federation, which are a political form that provides small peoples Far North and Siberia, the possibility of their preservation and development.

Autonomy - broad internal self-government of the region (regions) of the state, as well as special rights in the field of culture granted by law to ethnic groups living separately. Autonomy can be: regional (territorial); national-territorial; national-cultural.

Autonomous regions are created taking into account the ethnic, linguistic, everyday and other characteristics of densely living population groups. An example of regional autonomy with broad rights for territorial units is Italy, whose constitution establishes that the regions that make up the country are autonomous organizations with their own rights and functions. An example of national-territorial autonomy with even broader rights is Spain, on whose territory autonomous communities have been formed (Catalonia, Basque Country, etc.)

Such a form as national-cultural autonomy means providing national minorities that do not form significant compact groups in the country’s population, or even completely scattered ones, living mixed with other ethnic groups, the rights and opportunities to use their cultural traditions, language, religion, etc. form is widely used in a number of European countries to ensure the rights of national minorities (for example, the Protocol on the Rights of National Minorities, adopted in 1993 by the Council of Europe, supplementing the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms).

The autonomous national formations, territories and regions that previously existed in the USSR, received the status of subjects of the Russian Federation under the 1993 Constitution of the Russian Federation and, accordingly, have broader rights than those granted by autonomy. In such a multinational country as Russia, the role of national-cultural autonomy is extremely important. IN Soviet period there were 5 five autonomous regions, currently one remains - the Jewish Autonomous Region.

Autonomous okrugs appeared in the 30s and were considered as administrative-territorial units with national specifics, aimed at promoting the preservation of the identity and development of individual compactly living small peoples. Fixing the named forms in legal sense assumes that the subjects of the Russian Federation can exist in it, putting their statehood in one of these forms.

Although formally different, the subjects of the Russian Federation (their list is given in Article 65 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation) are constitutionally essentially the same. The concept of “subject of the Russian Federation” first appeared in the Constitution of the Russian Federation, adopted in 1993. It emphasizes the commonality of republics, territories, regions, federal cities, autonomous regions, and autonomous districts. While maintaining the previous state and legal forms, they acquired a new quality, becoming subjects of the federation.

In accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, subjects have equal rights among themselves in relations with federal government bodies (Part 4 of Article 5), as well as in relation to other attributes of constitutional and legal status: the right to have a constitution or charter, their own government bodies, legislation , their territory, representation in the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly, etc. At the same time, in the science of constitutional law there is an opinion that the legal status of the subjects of the Russian Federation is unequal among themselves.