Timeline of eras. Basics of chronology

When studying history with children, the most important tool for me is the historical timeline. With the help of a timeline, you can not only get acquainted with history, but also learn to compare times and events: what happened before, what happened later, or what happened in our country, when this event happened in Europe, and so on. Using a time tape makes it easier to memorize dates and easier to remember the sequence of events. In short, this form of work is very interesting and useful.

I once made various time strips for my older children. And tapes for many centuries at once, and tapes showing the 19th-20th century in detail, only the 20th century - in great detail. I also made life ribbons for each of the older children.

I only had time to work with older children in preschool age. When all three were in school, there were almost no classes. Only creative family gatherings. But the time tapes continued to hang and provide information passively. And I didn’t know whether the children paid attention to them or not. But recently, my adult son Misha once told me that the timeline was one of the most powerful impressions of his childhood. He loved looking at it and remembers all the events and dates marked on it. From this I can conclude that the work was not done in vain. Well, that's great!

Now it’s Sasha and Vasya’s turn to get acquainted with history. The elders started this much earlier. But with these guys, something told me that they were not really ready to perceive systematic knowledge of history. Therefore, we only discussed some historical events and realities that we encountered in books, films, and other sources.

Where to start systematically studying history with children? I think from the history of ourselves.

This is where we started.

I made a long tape that included all the years since Sasha’s birth. There are a lot of photographs on the tape. Because without photos, nothing will work at all. More precisely, at this age it won’t. For older children, you can take fewer pictures and photographs. But for children 6-7 years old, it’s better not to start without photographs. Moreover, we are talking about themselves.

In addition to photographs, there are flags that indicate dates. On more complex historical events feeds, I also usually use icons. So, children get used to the symbols.

Here we use icons to denote events that are significant for children, for example: Sasha was born, Sasha’s first tooth came out, Sasha learned to swim, Sasha learned to walk, and so on. In addition, we flag numerous trips and trips.

At the end of the tape there is always an arrow that indicates the direction of time.

What can you do with such a tape? How to practice?

Well, firstly, of course, just consider, remember what happened when, tell the child what he forgot or simply cannot remember. After this, you can offer to find a specific event and show it on the feed. Or name the year in which it happened. Or a year and a month. You can ask which events happened earlier and which later.

You can make exactly the same ribbon or a similar one using a template. It can be downloaded from the link.

The proposed template has divisions for months and years. It covers the years 2005-2015. And if your children were born after 2005, then it will suit you. Just cut out small fragments of photos, draw flags with a marker and write the inscriptions you need. You can use only dates from the child’s own history, or you can add events related to other family members, friends, relatives and acquaintances.

There will definitely be a continuation of this topic! There will be other tapes and scripts for history classes.

Sections: Primary School

Subject:“Historical time: century, millennium, era. Date of. Calendar. "Timeline".

Lesson Objectives:

1. Educational: form an idea of ​​historical time and introduce the concepts: century, millennium, era; consolidate knowledge of time units (year, month, day).
2. Developmental: develop the ability to work with diagrams and models, the ability to use Roman numerals; develop children's memory and speech, expand their active vocabulary;
3. Educational: maintain interest in the most important events of the past, the ability to work in pairs, and cultivate independence.

Teacher equipment: textbook O.T. Poglazova V.D. Shilin "The World Around"; workbook No. 1 O.T. Poglazov “The world around us”; M.T. Studenikin V.I. Dobrolyubova “Methods of teaching history in elementary school”; O.T. Poglazova “Methodological recommendations for studying historical material in the integrated course “The World around us”.”

“Time Tape” (a large paper tape on which the main events of the history of the Fatherland will be gradually pasted or drawn), signs with the words “calendar”, “date”; years counting table.: textbook, workbook No. 1, “time tape” (on each desk), cards in envelopes with dates and proverbs, signal cards.

During the classes

I. Organizationalth moment.

II. Checking homework.

1. Frontal survey.

What is the hand on a sundial?
- What time does the clock show at noon?
- How can you check the accuracy of a watch?
- What can be built in the schoolyard to observe the changing position of the Sun in the sky at different times of the year?
- What is the name of the high vertical pole in the sundial?
- What is the name of the clock using water?

2. Blitz survey (students use signal cards: if this statement is true - green, if incorrect - red).

Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus created a flower clock.
- In a sundial, the arrow is a pendulum.
- Electronic clocks were used by chronicler monks.
- The most accurate atomic clocks.
- In an electronic clock, the pendulum is made up of oscillating charged particles.
- Mechanical watches appeared a thousand years ago.
- The water clock is modern.
- A cuckoo clock is called an electronic clock.

Answers: yes, no, no, yes, yes, no, no, no.

III. Lesson topic message.

Guys, how often do you hear such expressions: “Today is his special day,” “The date of his birth.”
State your date of birth. Your parents' date of birth.

What does the word itself mean? date?

The answer is learning: This is when they call the day, month and year of the event.
How can we find out these dates? What helps us with this? (calendar)

A large calendar is hung on the board.
What do you think we will talk about in class today?

The answer is learning: Are we going to talk about dates and calendars today?
Indeed, today we will get acquainted with the types of calendars. Let's find out what historical time is.

IV. What is a calendar?

1.Work according to the textbook

Have you ever wondered where the familiar word “calendar” came from?
Let's read about this in the textbook.
Students read the article “What is a calendar” on p. 22 (1 paragraph).

Conversation on the article:

Where did the word “calendar” come from?
- What is now called the word “calendar”?

You all have calendars on your desk. Let's consider:

How many months are in a year?
- Are there the same number of days in months?
- Are there the same number of weeks in months?
- What calendars exist?
- What calendar do you and I use?
- What is determined by calendars? (dates of events taking place)

2. Working with a printed notebook.

Have important events happened to you?

What is the most important thing that has happened over the years of your life?
Let's plot these events on the time line that you have in your notebook on p. 9 No. 21.
(The teacher draws a time line on the board. This is a straight line divided by transverse lines into equal segments, indicating a certain number of years. Students work with the time line in their notebooks).

What was the most important event that happened in the lives of your parents and yours?
- When did you go to kindergarten? To school?
- How many years were you in kindergarten? How long have you been at school?
- How old did many of you turn this year? (10)

You could say you've lived through your first decade.

How many decades did your parents live? grandparents?
- What do you think, did any events take place before your birth or the birth of your relatives?
- What science studies the life of humanity in the past?

Look at the illustration on p. 23 of the textbook.

How did humanity develop?

Fizminutka

V. How the passage of time is depicted.

1.Reading a passage.

Do you like listening to stories about fairy tales?
Now I will read to you an excerpt from L. Talimonova’s book “Time Travel”, about the country of Beorgin.
(The teacher reads an excerpt from L. Talimonova’s book “Time Travel”).

“Wonderful people lived in the country of Beorgin. Above all else, the Beorgians valued harmony in the world. They lived according to the laws of Truth, Goodness and Beauty. They believed in Infinity and worshiped Time.In the minds of the Beorgians, Time was divided into three parts: Past, Present, Future. They accepted the past as absolute truth and respected it. The future is always a movement forward, towards something better. And the Present is only a bridge from the Past to the Future. The Beorgians imagined Time as a huge river flowing from the Past to the Future..."

Questions:

What idea of ​​time did the inhabitants of the fairy-tale land have and what idea of ​​time do you have?
- What is the difference between the concepts “past”, “present”, “future”?
- What is the difference between the concepts “yesterday”, “today”, “tomorrow”?

The Time Tape will help us travel through history. It will make it possible to understand how far in time one event is from another.

How is present time different from historical time?

Teacher: In the present tense, as a rule, they ask the question “What year was this?”, in historical tense - “When did the event occur?” When asked about a historical event, they can name the year, century, millennium.

2 . Working with the Timeline

(The student has a “time tape” and 2 envelopes on each desk; a large paper “time tape” is hung on the board)

Place the time tape in front of you and say:

What is marked on the timeline? (Dates, events.)
- What else is noted on the “timeline”?

Work in pairs

Take the white envelope. It contains tablets with units of time: era, month, day, year, century, week.

Arrange the units of measurement given here in chronological order.

What did you get? Answer:

- day, week, month, year, century, era.
- Which of these units can be used to describe the life of your family, and which ones can be used to describe the history of the city, country, people?

What else is noted on the “timeline”? (year, century, millennium)
A year is a period of time in …….. (12 months);
Century – a period of time in …….. (100 years);

A millennium is a period of time in……. (1000 years).

Teacher: How many centuries is a millennium?

In “historical time” it is customary to use Arabic and Roman numerals. Arabic, as a rule, denotes years, and Roman - centuries.
Work in notebook p. 8 No. 18.

- Fill in the blanks with Roman numerals.

Teacher: How should one determine a century by year? 13 If in a four-digit number there are zeros after the first two, then the first digits will indicate the century: 13 00year – 14 (XIII) century, 14 ( 00 year – 13 XIV) century. But if there is any other number in place of the zeros, then it means the next century is coming. For example, 14 01 year – 14 (XIY) century, - 15 15 year 9 (XY) century. The century is also determined by a three-digit date: 9 00year - 9 XIV) century. But if there is any other number in place of the zeros, then it means the next century is coming. For example, 10 (IX) century,

(X) century. 901 means that a full nine centuries have passed and the first year of the tenth century has begun. This is the same as when you are 9 full years old and entering your 10th year (the explanation is accompanied by a display on the board).

All years of each century from the 1st to the 100th inclusive belong to one century.

The starting point for time in most countries of the world is the year in which, according to biblical tradition, Jesus Christ was born. This date divides the entire history of people into two periods - into two eras: “before our era” (BC) and “our era” (AD).

VI. Generalization of students' knowledge. Practical work.

1.Working with “time tape, date cards.
Now we will work with the “timeline” and date cards. To do this, you need to take a pink envelope and take out cards, and also 2 pieces of paper with proverbs.

(The student’s envelope contains the dates: 862, 988, 1147, 1242, 1380, 1495, 1700, 1861, 2000, 2001).

a) Determine the century by the date and place the date on the “time tape”.

The work is done from the front.
What century are we living in? (21st century)
- When did the 21st century begin? (2001)
- What was the previous century like? (XX century)

- What year did it end? (2000)

b) Make up a date from the numbers missing in the proverbs. Let's do this together.

What does this date mean?

….. not a warrior in the field.
Measure seven times... cut it once.
Horse o…. feet, and he stumbles.
..... nannies have a child without an eye.

What was the date? .(1147)
- What does this date mean? (Foundation of Moscow)
- What century does it belong to? (XII century)

From the following proverbs, find out the date of construction of the brick walls and towers of the Kremlin. The work is carried out independently in pairs, followed by checking.

Seven with a spoon,... one with a bipod.
Went to all….. sides.
….. once I have to say it, he’ll only listen the tenth time.
….. you can’t fit your fingers into one ring.

What was the date? .(1495)
- What does this date mean?
- What century does it belong to? (XY century)

2. Work in pairs.

c) Determine which centuries the remaining years belong to and place them on the “time tape”. (862, 988, 1242, 1380, 1700, 1861)
Let's check how you completed this task (the students answer, and the teacher explains the dates or asks the children).
- Start naming dates and centuries in chronological order.

Learner's answers:

Teacher: This is the year of birth of the ancient Russian state.

Teacher: This is the year of the Baptism of Rus'.

What date is this?

The answer is: Foundation of Moscow

1242 - XIII century.

Teacher: Battle on the Ice.

Teacher: Battle of Kulikovo.

What date is this?

The answer is: Construction of brick walls and towers of the Kremlin.

Who remembers what date this is?

The answer is: Starting this year in Russia, according to the Decree of Peter I, the New Year is celebrated on January 1.

Who remembers what date this is?

The answer is: Abolition of serfdom in Russia.

What is significant about the 20th century for you?

The answer is: In this century we were born.

What is significant about the 21st century for you?

The answer is: We are now living in this century.

VII. Lesson summary.

What is the basis for counting time in the solar and lunar calendars?
- What should the date of the event be called?
- What units of calculation do historians use?
- What is a “timeline”?
- How many years, centuries, millennia does our era last?

Well done! You all worked very well in class!

What did you like most about the lesson?

Homework: textbook p.22-25; workbook No. 1 pp. 8-9 No. 19,20.

History lesson plan for 5th grade

Topic: “Counting the years in history.”

Lesson objectives:

1. To form in students an idea of ​​chronological dates as part of historical knowledge; continue to develop skills in counting years in history.

2.Development of the ability to relate year, century, millennium; set the duration and sequence of events; the ability to solve problems involving forward and backward counting of years in history.

3. To maintain interest in the most important events of the past, to form an idea among students about the value of time.

Lesson type: learning new material

New terms: chronology, time reference point, “timeline”, era, century, calendar.

Equipment: textbook, timeline, task cards.

Lesson plan:

1.Historical chronology.

2.Calendar.

3.Our era and the timeline.

During the classes

1. Organizational moment.

Conversation with the class

Guess what we're talking about:

It has no wings, no arms.

He flies fast, you won't catch him. (time)

To know the events of the past well, we need to correctly navigate in time. There is a historical time for this. It is different: one event can last a month, another – a year, and some phenomena in people’s lives can last for thousands of years. What kind of historical time is it? How to correctly determine in which year this or that event occurred?

2.Learning new material.

1). Historical chronology.

In history, it is very important to know when this or that event happened, which event happened earlier and which later. Today in the lesson we will talk about the units of time that our ancestors used and that we use, we will learn how different peoples counted time, what a time tape is, we will talk about forward and backward counting of years and learn how to solve problems. And so the topic of our lesson today is “ Counting years in history»

To understand why certain events happened and what consequences they had for people, you need to determine what happened before them and what happened after them.

The sequence of historical events over time is called chronology. (chronos and logos)

In historical science, the counting of years is carried out in strict sequence by year. Each year is indicated by numbers. The sequence of events can be depicted as a timeline.

Counting time is not just for historians. In everyday life, we count days, weeks, months, years according to the calendar.

In addition to the month, week, and day, there are also large units of time. Name them. (Year, century, millennium).

A year is 365 days.

Century – 100 years

Millennium – 1000 years (10 centuries).

The ancient Egyptians were the first to determine the length of the year (365 days). The main occupation of the Egyptians was agriculture, so they needed to know when to sow and when to harvest.

Let's try to determine which century this or that date belongs to.

1240 What century is this? To determine which century it is, you need to cover the last two digits. The number that remains is 12, which means 12 full centuries have passed, and the 13th is coming, which means 1240 is the 13th century.

If it is 2015, what century is it now? (21 century).

862 What century is this? (9th century).

If we denote numbers and years with Arabic numerals, then we usually denote centuries with Roman numerals.

X =10, its half V=5

For example - 9th century, like IX (10-1)

2). Calendar.

The name "calendar" comes from the Latin word "calendarium", meaning "debt book". The fact is that in Ancient Rome, debtors were required to pay interest on debts on the first day of the month - the calendar. They began to keep a calendar so as not to get entangled in debt. A calendar is a system for counting large periods of time.

Primitive people did not know the calendar. They celebrated the change of day and night, the alternation of seasons. The creation of the first calendars was also associated with the emergence of the first states. At first, counting was carried out by lunar months, since changes in the lunar disk were easy to see and correlate with certain periods of time. The first solar calendar was invented in Ancient Egypt. And the most accurate calendar was created by the ancient Mayan people in Central America.

Each ancient civilization had its own counting of years; all peoples counted time differently. Scientists had to work a lot to be able to date the events of ancient history according to the calendar we are familiar with.

The modern calendar is based on the solar year. A solar year is the duration of one revolution of planet Earth around the Sun. It is 365 days plus approximately 1 hour.

3). Our era and the timeline. Of particular importance for the calendar is the event from which time is counted. The starting points for years were different in different countries. For example. In Ancient Egypt, every time a new pharaoh began to rule, the counting of years began anew. The first year of his reign was considered the first, the second - the second, and so on. When this pharaoh died, a new one came to power, and the first year began again. The Romans first considered the year of the founding of their city. Among the peoples who profess Islam, chronology is based on the date of the migration of Muhammad, the founder of Islam, from Mecca to Medina. The ancient Slavs adopted the tradition of the Byzantines, and time was kept “from the creation of the world.”

The main reference point for time according to our modern calendar is the year of the Nativity of Christ. This chronology is called Christian or AD. Sometimes it is also called new era. Our era is usually abbreviated as AD. e. Thus, we live in our era and count the years of our era.

The first year of our era is considered the conventional year of the birth of Jesus Christ. Our modern calendar is dated from this first year. Everything that happened before the first year belongs to the time before the Common Era (abbreviated BC).

Look at the timeline in the picture. The vertical line marks the beginning of our era. On the right is our era. Here the years are calculated sequentially forward, one after another - first, second, third, and so on until the current year.

On the left side of the dividing line - BC - we look back, as if in the opposite direction. The closest year to the turn of our era will be 1 BC. e. Note that there is no year zero. If we want to count the years in the 1st century BC. e., then the closer to the end of the century, the smaller the number of the year will be. That is, 1st century BC. e. began in 100 BC. e., and ended in 1 BC. e.

For example, the ruler of Ancient Rome Gaius Julius Caesar was killed in 44 BC. e. Let's mark this event on the timeline. Next year will be 43 BC. e., followed by 42 BC. e. and so on. Most of the history of the ancient world developed BC. e.

BC Common Era

Generalization and consolidation of new material.

To better understand the number of years, let's do some tasks and solve a few problems.

Solve problems:

1.According to legend, the city of Rome was founded (753 BC) by the son of the god of war Mars, Romulus. Think about it: could Romulus have heard anything about the Olympic Games (776 BC) and could he have participated in them? Justify your answer (arithmetically)

2. Mark on the time ruler: 16th century, IIX BC, 1701, 56 BC

3.Napoleonic army invaded our country 1779 years after the crucifixion of Jesus Christ at the age of 33? Mark these dates on your time ruler. And calculate the year when Napoleon invaded Russia?

4. Determine the age:

1256 - ...

400 year - ...

35 BC -...

1900 - ...

201 - …

2010 -…

1645 - ...

100 year -…

102 BC -...

723 - ...

25 BC -...

D/Z: paragraph 2

Do the following tasks in writing in your notebook:

1. Make 3 problems counting years in history.

2. Write in Roman numerals:

6 - …9 - …11 - …13 - …8 - …16 - …17 - …4 - …19 - …22 - …3 - …

3.Write in Arabic numerals:

V - …VIII - …XIX - …IV - …III - …XVI - …XIV - …IX - …VII - …XII - …XX - …XXII -

4. Determine the eyelid:

1232 - ...577 - ...48 - ...28 BC - ...1703 - ...308 - ...2001 - ...

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Slide 1

Timeline (fragment of a lesson on the surrounding world) Elena Borisovna Sokolova, primary school teacher at Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School with UIOP No. 2 named after. V.I. Desyatkova G. Belaya Kholunitsa, Kirov region This presentation uses the Drag and Drop macro created by [email protected] website

Slide 2

BINARCH V I HISTORICAL TOPIES Russian folk historical song-tale about heroes Institution for storing old, ancient documents Science, the name of which is translated from Greek as “ a story about the past” Recording historical events by year - a type of ancient Russian literature

Slide 3

Many ancient peoples had ideas about goddesses spinning special threads - the threads of human destinies.

Slide 4

The Slavs have the goddess Makosh and her two assistants - the goddesses Dolya and Nedolya. In Ancient Greece - the Moiras - three daughters of the goddess of Night

Slide 5

Timeline