font size

ORDER of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated 03/31/2011 156 ON APPROVAL OF THE PROCEDURE FOR FIGHTING FIRES BY FIRE DEPARTMENTS (2020) Relevant in 2018

Departure and proceeding to the place of fire (call)

2.9. Departure and proceeding to the place of the fire (call) includes the collection of personnel of the duty guard or the duty shift of the unit (hereinafter referred to as the guard) upon an "ALARM" signal and their delivery on fire trucks and other special vehicles to the place of the fire (call).

2.10. Departure and travel to the place of fire (call) are carried out in the shortest possible time, which is achieved:

gathering and departure of guard personnel for a period of time not exceeding the norm;

movement of fire trucks along the shortest route using special light and sound signals, taking into account traffic safety;

knowledge of the characteristics of the departure area.

2.11. Proceeding to the place of fire (call) is suspended only by order of the dispatcher.

2.12. In the event of a forced stop along the route of the lead fire truck, the vehicles following it stop and further movement continues only at the direction of the guard chief.

If the second or following fire trucks are forced to stop, the rest, without stopping, continue to move to the place of the fire (call). The senior chief on a fire truck that has stopped moving immediately reports the incident to the dispatcher.

When the primary tactical guard unit, capable of independently solving individual tasks of extinguishing fires and carrying out rescue operations related to fire extinguishing (hereinafter referred to as the department), independently proceeds to the scene of a fire (hereinafter referred to as the department), and the forced stop of the fire truck, the squad commander reports the incident to the dispatcher , while measures are taken to deliver personnel, firefighting tools and equipment to the place of the fire (call).

2.13. If another fire is detected en route to the place of the fire (call), the head of the guard or an official of the unit traveling to the place of the fire (call) as the leader of the fire extinguishing:

reports the detected fire to the dispatcher;

acts depending on the operational situation or on the instructions of a senior official of the fire brigade;

allocates, in the event of a threat to the lives of people in a newly discovered fire, forces and means to rescue them and extinguish the fire.

2.9. Departure and proceeding to the place of the fire (call) includes the collection of personnel of the duty guard or the duty shift of the unit (hereinafter referred to as the guard) upon an "ALARM" signal and their delivery on fire trucks and other special vehicles to the place of the fire (call).

2.10. Departure and travel to the place of fire (call) are carried out in the shortest possible time, which is achieved:

gathering and departure of guard personnel for a period of time not exceeding the norm;

movement of fire trucks along the shortest route using special light and sound signals, taking into account traffic safety;

knowledge of the characteristics of the departure area.

2.11. Proceeding to the place of fire (call) is suspended only by order of the dispatcher.

2.12. In the event of a forced stop along the route of the lead fire truck, the vehicles following it stop and further movement continues only at the direction of the guard chief.

If the second or following fire trucks are forced to stop, the rest, without stopping, continue to move to the place of the fire (call). The senior chief on a fire truck that has stopped moving immediately reports the incident to the dispatcher.

When the primary tactical guard unit, capable of independently solving individual tasks of extinguishing fires and carrying out rescue operations related to fire extinguishing (hereinafter referred to as the department), independently proceeds to the scene of a fire (hereinafter referred to as the department), and the forced stop of the fire truck, the squad commander reports the incident to the dispatcher , while measures are taken to deliver personnel, firefighting tools and equipment to the place of the fire (call).

2.13. If on the way to the place of fire (call) another fire is detected, the head of the guard or an official of the unit proceeding to the place of the fire (call) as the leader of the fire extinguishing:

reports the detected fire to the dispatcher;

acts depending on the operational situation or on the instructions of a senior official of the fire brigade;

allocates, in the event of a threat to the lives of people in a newly discovered fire, forces and means to rescue them and extinguish the fire.

Fire site reconnaissance

2.14. Reconnaissance of a fire site (hereinafter referred to as reconnaissance) is carried out in order to collect information about the fire in order to assess the situation and make decisions on organizing fire extinguishing actions and carrying out emergency rescue operations related to fire extinguishing. Reconnaissance is carried out continuously from the moment a fire is reported until its elimination is completed.

2.15. When conducting reconnaissance, the following is established:

the presence and nature of a threat to people, their location, ways, methods and means of rescuing (protecting) people, as well as the need to protect (evacuate) property;

the presence and possibility of secondary manifestations of general physical injury, including those caused by the peculiarities of technology and organization of production at the fire site;

location and parameters of the fire, as well as possible ways of spreading the fire;

availability and possibility of using fire protection systems and means of the organization (facility);

location of the nearest water sources and possible ways of using them;

the presence of electrical installations under voltage, methods and feasibility of turning them off;

condition and behavior of building structures (structures), places of their opening and dismantling;

sufficiency of forces and means of units involved in fire extinguishing and carrying out emergency rescue operations related to fire extinguishing;

possible ways of introducing forces and means of units to extinguish fires and carry out emergency rescue operations related to fire extinguishing, and other data necessary for choosing the decisive direction.

When conducting reconnaissance, documentation and information are used, provided by officials of the organization (facility) who know its layout, features of technological production processes, as well as plans and fire extinguishing cards.

2.16. Reconnaissance is carried out by the fire extinguishing director, as well as by officials leading and carrying out fire extinguishing activities and carrying out emergency rescue operations related to fire extinguishing in the area of ​​work assigned to them (hereinafter referred to as duties).

2.17. When organizing reconnaissance, the fire extinguishing director:

determines the directions of reconnaissance and personally conducts it in the most complex and responsible area;

establishes the number and composition of reconnaissance groups, sets tasks for them, determines the means and procedure of communication used, firefighting tools, equipment and equipment necessary for reconnaissance;

takes measures to ensure the safe conduct of reconnaissance by personnel with the installation of a gas and smoke protection service security post (hereinafter referred to as the GDS);

establishes the procedure for transmitting information obtained during reconnaissance.

2.18. The personnel of units conducting reconnaissance are obliged to:

have with you the necessary rescue equipment, personal protective equipment, communications, extinguishing equipment, lighting devices, as well as tools for opening and dismantling structures;

carry out work to rescue people in the event of a threat to them;

comply with the requirements of labor protection rules and work rules in personal protective equipment;

If a fire is detected, take the necessary measures to extinguish it and protect property;

report promptly in the order established by the fire extinguishing director the results of reconnaissance and the information obtained during it.

If there are obvious signs of burning, reconnaissance is carried out with a hose line and a shut-off shaft attached to it, while the tank truck pump is filled with water to quickly supply it to the working line (in the event of a fire on the floors of buildings, a reserve of hose lines is created on the burning floor for maneuvers with the barrel).

The fire department when leaving and en route to a fire - arriving at the place of call in the shortest possible time in order to eliminate the fire in the initial stage of its development or provide assistance in eliminating the fire (if the unit is called additionally). To do this, it is necessary to accurately accept the address of the fire, quickly assemble an alarm unit and follow the shortest route at the maximum possible safe speed.

At the beginning of the 21st century, traveling to the place of call can be carried out using the following mobile fire extinguishing equipment:

• fire and rescue vehicles;
• river and sea vessels;
• aircraft;
• equipped equipment, and also, if necessary, on foot.

When traveling to the site of a fire in firefighting and rescue vehicles following an alarm signal, personnel quickly gather in the garage and prepare to leave.

The senior chief receives a voucher(s), a card, a fire extinguishing plan, checks the department’s readiness to leave and is the first to leave in the fire truck of the first department. This is followed by the second department, and then the special services departments (if they are required) in the sequence established in the fire department.

All fire trucks must follow the same route. It is advisable for all vehicles to arrive at the fire at the same time. Departure of the same unit along different routes is allowed only in cases where there is a special order from the chief of guard or the procedure for the departure of departments on fire trucks to individual objects is predetermined.

On the way, the senior head of the unit, if necessary, studies operational documentation (fire extinguishing plan or card, tablet of the area of ​​departure of the unit in whose territory the fire occurred) and maintains constant radio contact with the central fire communications point (unit communications point - PSC), if technically possible, listens to the information coming from the fire site.

The fire department unit is obliged to arrive at the place of call, even if information is received on the way about the elimination of the fire or its absence (except for cases when there is an order to return from the garrison communications dispatcher or senior commander).

The determination of optimal routes for concentrating a significant amount of forces and resources on a particular object is carried out during the development and adjustment of fire extinguishing plans, schedules for visiting fires, and conducting fire-tactical exercises.

The magnitude of the damage largely depends on the degree of continuity of the process of concentration and introduction of forces and means.

Consequently, one of the ways to reduce material damage from fires is to establish increased fire numbers at the first notification of a fire for particularly important and fire-hazardous objects, critical objects, especially valuable cultural heritage objects, objects with a massive concentration of people, so that When fires occurred, it was possible to carry out a continuous process of concentrating and introducing forces and means. Currently, such a fire number system is installed at many city facilities. However, if a fire is detected and reported late, it cannot significantly reduce the damage from the fire during the concentration and deployment of forces and means. The situation is further worsened by the fact that as the intensity of urban transport increases, the speed of fire trucks decreases.

The period of concentration of forces and resources can be reduced by reducing the time of notification of a fire. This can be achieved by introducing territory monitoring installations and automatic fire detection at sites. Due to this, by the time the units arrive at the fire, all parameters of its development will be of the least importance, and therefore less effort and resources will be required for extinguishing and, as a result, the duration of the concentration and deployment of forces and resources and the damage from the fire as a whole will be less. The concentration time depends on the tactical and technical characteristics of mobile fire extinguishing equipment, the condition of travel routes, the operational staff’s knowledge of streets, alleys, other operational and tactical features of the area (region), climatic conditions and other data.

In some cases, mobile fire extinguishing equipment can be delivered to the site of emergency response work by rail, air, or water transport. If the fire department travels by rail or water, it is necessary to ensure the safety of vehicles during loading and unloading, and securely secure them to platforms and decks.

Methods of loading fire trucks are determined by the administration of the railway or water transport.

For security on the road, each vehicle must be accompanied by a driver and, if necessary, a guard must be posted. Personnel are located in one place. All delivery issues are determined in agreements and instructions developed and approved in accordance with the established procedure.

Requirements of the Fire Extinguishing Procedure

Departure and proceeding to the place of the fire (call) includes the collection of personnel of the duty guard or the duty shift of the unit (hereinafter referred to as the guard) upon the “ALARM” signal and their delivery in fire trucks and other special vehicles to the place of the fire (call).

Departure and travel to the place of fire (call) are carried out in the shortest possible time, which is achieved:
Proceeding to the place of fire (call) is suspended only by order of the dispatcher.

In the event of a forced stop along the route of the lead fire truck, the vehicles following it stop and further movement continues only at the direction of the guard chief.

If the second or following fire trucks are forced to stop, the rest, without stopping, continue to move to the place of the fire (call). The senior chief on a fire truck that has stopped moving immediately reports the incident to the dispatcher.

When the primary tactical guard unit, capable of independently solving individual tasks of extinguishing fires and carrying out rescue operations related to fire extinguishing (hereinafter referred to as the department), independently proceeds to the scene of a fire (hereinafter referred to as the department), and the forced stop of the fire truck, the squad commander reports the incident to the dispatcher , while measures are taken to deliver personnel, firefighting tools and equipment to the place of the fire (call).

If another fire is detected en route to the place of the fire (call), the head of the guard or an official of the unit proceeding to the place of the fire (call) as a fire extinguishing leader:

Calculations of indicators of collection and departure on alarm and travel to the place of call

When conducting fire tactical calculations, the following calculation rules are used:

The travel time to the place of call can be determined using the following formula:

The main task of the fire department when leaving and following a fire is to arrive at the place of call in the shortest possible time in order to eliminate the fire in the initial stage of its development or to assist in localizing and eliminating the fire (if the unit is called additionally). To do this, it is necessary to accurately take the address of the fire, quickly assemble an alarm unit and follow the shortest route at the maximum possible safe speed.

When an alarm is sounded, personnel quickly gather in the garage and prepare to leave. The senior commander receives a permit(s), an operational card (operational plan) for fire extinguishing, checks the readiness of the departments for departure and is the first to leave on a tanker truck. This is followed by the second department, and then also the special services departments (if required) in the sequence established in the fire department.

All fire trucks must follow the same route. It is advisable for all vehicles to arrive at the fire at the same time. Departure of the same unit along different routes is allowed only in cases where there is a special order from the chief of guard or the order of departure to individual objects is predetermined.

On the way, the senior head of the unit, if necessary, studies operational documentation (operational plan or fire extinguishing card, directory of water sources, tablet of the departure area of ​​the unit in whose territory the fire occurred) and maintains constant radio communication with the central fire communications point (unit communications point - PSC), if available technically possible, listens to information coming from the fire scene.

The fire department unit is obliged to arrive at the place of call, even if information is received on the way about the elimination of the fire or its absence (except for cases when there is an order to return from the garrison communications dispatcher or senior commander).

If another fire is discovered along the way, the head of the unit is obliged to allocate part of the forces to extinguish it and immediately report this to the central fire communication point (CPPS - EAAS, PSCh).

If the lead fire truck is forced to stop en route, the vehicles behind stop and move on only at the direction of the senior head of the unit. He replenishes the combat crews of the departments (PPE, radio stations, lighting equipment are also transferred to this fire truck), he himself transfers to another vehicle and continues to follow the call point. If one of the vehicles in the convoy (except the lead one) is forced to stop, the remaining vehicles, without stopping, continue to move to the place of call. The commander of the department of the stopped vehicle takes measures to deliver personnel, fire-fighting equipment, personal protective equipment and equipment to the fire site.

If a fire truck is forced to stop due to an accident, malfunction, or road destruction, the senior commander takes measures depending on the situation and reports to the fire communications console (EAAS, TsPPS, PSCh).

If fire departments travel by rail or water, it is necessary to ensure the safety of vehicles during loading and unloading, and securely secure them to platforms and decks.

The methods of loading fire trucks are determined by the administration of the railway or water transport.

For security on the road, each vehicle must be accompanied by a driver and, if necessary, a guard must be posted. Personnel are located in one place. In winter, water is drained from the cooling system of engines and tanks. All delivery issues are determined in agreements and instructions developed and approved in the prescribed manner.

In general, the duration of departure and travel to a fire of any unit can be determined by the formula:

where is the length of the route;

Average speed of movement (following) of a fire truck along the route, km/h.

The value ranges from 25 to 45 km/h and is typical for cities and regions. It can be predicted based on a mathematical and statistical analysis of the speed characteristics of road transport in cities or calculated using the formula:

where is the maximum speed on a given street;

Constant coefficients, respectively, taking into account the condition of the roads and the thermal conditions of the engine of fire trucks.

Depending on the condition of roads in cities = 0.36-0.4. Value = 0.8 for summer conditions and = 0.9 for winter operating conditions of fire-fighting vehicles.

The determination of optimal routes for concentrating a significant amount of forces and resources on a particular object is carried out during the development and adjustment of fire extinguishing plans, schedules for visiting fires, and conducting fire-tactical exercises.

The magnitude of the damage largely depends on the degree of continuity of the process of concentration and introduction of forces and means.

Consequently, one of the ways to reduce material damage from fires is to establish increased fire numbers at the first notification of a fire for particularly important and fire-hazardous objects, critical objects, especially valuable cultural heritage objects, objects with a massive concentration of people, so that When fires occurred, it was possible to carry out a continuous process of concentrating and introducing forces and means. Currently, such a fire number system is installed at many city facilities. However, if a fire is detected and reported late, it cannot significantly reduce the damage from the fire during the concentration and deployment of forces and means.

The situation is further worsened by the fact that as the intensity of urban transport increases, the speed of fire trucks decreases.

The period of concentration of forces and resources can be obtained by reducing the time of notification of a fire. This can be achieved by introducing territory monitoring installations and automatic fire detection at sites. Due to this, by the time the units arrive at the fire, all parameters of its development will have the lowest values, and therefore less effort and resources will be required for extinguishing and, as a result, the duration of the concentration and deployment of forces and equipment and the damage from the fire as a whole will be less.

As a result of the analysis of the general patterns of concentration of forces and means, we can conclude that this is a complex process that includes a combination of tactical and technical actions of several units in leaving and following a fire. In many ways, this process is random in nature (the speed of a fire truck to a fire, the environment are random characteristics). Therefore, the process of concentrating and bringing forces and means into readiness for use must also be considered as a type of random process. Without such an approach, the level of control over the spread of parameters of this process, and hence ensuring the quality of its progress, is extremely low.

Regardless of the presence of accidents in the process of concentrating forces and means, it is based on certain patterns, the discovery and study of which is one of the most important tasks in firefighting tactics, since these patterns mainly determine the effectiveness of the tactical and technical actions of units as a whole.

Ways to reduce the time of concentration of forces and resources:

Providing economic and life-sustaining facilities with automatic notification installations;

Construction of automatic systems for receiving information and sending forces;

Further improvement of fire trucks and their speed characteristics;

Improvement of fire-fighting equipment;

Development of scientifically based regulatory documents on the location of fire stations and the implementation of fire extinguishing and emergency control measures, their implementation in fire protection practice;

Organization of fire patrol services at sites and organizations, training of personnel and propaganda work.

Fire reconnaissance

General provisions

Experience in extinguishing fires shows that fire departments can successfully complete swap tasks only if they have reliable, complete and timely data on the situation at the fire. Such data is obtained during fire reconnaissance.

Fire reconnaissance- one of the most important types of tactical and technical actions of fire departments. The purpose of reconnaissance is to obtain data on the basis of which the RTP can determine the degree of threat to people, correctly assess the situation during the fire and make appropriate decisions.

Main tasks of fire reconnaissance:

Determine the location of people, determine the threat that exists to them, as well as ways and means of rescue or protection;

Determine the location and size of the fire, objects of combustion, as well as the path and speed of fire spread; this data is necessary for choosing the decisive direction of action of units, as well as for determining the amount of forces and means to carry out all work on a fire;

Find out the danger of explosions, poisoning, collapses and other similar circumstances that complicate the tactical and technical actions of firefighting units; for example, the presence in the fire zone of flammable and combustible liquids, electrical installations and live electrical networks, etc.;

Determine possible ways and directions for introducing forces and means; positions of linemen, installation sites for fire fighting vehicles, reserves of fire fighting equipment at fire sites, branch lines, etc.;

Find out the need and places for opening and dismantling structures to eliminate fire, combat smoke, limit the spread of fire at any point;

Determine the need to evacuate material assets, ways to protect them from fire, water and smoke, routes and methods of evacuation (in case of danger of their destruction or damage).

During reconnaissance, depending on the situation, other tasks may arise.

If victims are found, they must be given immediate assistance. It is necessary to pay attention to stationary fire extinguishing installations, as well as to primary fire extinguishing means and put them into operation to limit the fire, protect rescue routes, and evacuate material assets.

It is not always necessary to solve all the listed problems during fires. For example, not every fire requires the evacuation of material assets or dismantling of structures. But there are several problems that must be solved during any fire. For example, it is always necessary to determine the location and parameters of the fire.

All fire reconnaissance tasks are usually solved in parallel. For example, along with studying the location of the fire, its area, routes for introducing forces and means, and the need to evacuate material assets are determined. However, sometimes they can be solved sequentially, one after another. For example, at objects with a massive concentration of people, first of all, the degree of threat to them is established, and then other tasks are solved. If the situation at a fire requires the use of communications, lighting, water protection and other special means, then in order to clarify the conditions for upcoming work with it, reconnaissance is carried out by persons of special services or freelance garrisons, heads of fire areas and RTP. Thus, the commander of the communications and lighting department organizes reconnaissance of routes for laying lines and installation sites for equipment, and determines the need for technical means of communication.

To clarify the upcoming conditions for working with lighting equipment, determine the required number and power of spotlights, their locations, and the route for laying cable lines. In addition, reconnaissance is determining whether spotlights and power tools can be connected to the electrical network near the fire site.

To successfully organize and carry out water protection work, reconnaissance identifies premises, equipment and materials that are threatened by the supplied water for extinguishing and protection; a place where water can come from; design of floors and walls; places of possible and convenient drainage of water, methods of protection from water, as well as the necessary protective equipment. The success of intelligence depends on its timeliness, continuity, activity, reliability and purposefulness.

Timeliness- obtaining the necessary data on the situation as quickly as possible so that unit commanders have the opportunity to foresee the nature of the fire’s development, make a decision in a timely manner (before it reaches large sizes) and effectively use means to localize and eliminate it. The most valuable information will be useless if the executing commander receives it late.

Time in reconnaissance is critical, since the situation on a fire changes extremely quickly and data obtained only a few minutes ago may turn out to be outdated and no longer correspond to the situation that has developed at the time the decision is made.

Consider, for example, the possibility of changing the situation during a fire in a one-story warehouse building during reconnaissance.

The fire was reported to the unit 5 minutes after it occurred. 5-10 minutes can be spent collecting information about the situation during a fire from the beginning of the fire en route (depending on the complexity of the object, the efficiency of the reconnaissance officer and other factors). Let us monitor the change in the situation for each period of time as the fire spreads in one and two directions with a linear speed of 1 m/min. In the first case (one-way spread) the fire will spread 10-15 m in 10 - 15 minutes (Fig. 9.1.a), and in the second (two-way spread) - 2 times more (Fig. 9.1. b). Even with a small object width of 10 m, the fire area in the first case will be 100 - 150 m2, and in the second - 200 - 300 m2. If the object is of significant size and the fire spreads in all directions at approximately the same speed (circular spread), then the fire area will reach 314 - 706 m2 (Fig. 9.1. c).

Rice. 9. 1. Changes in the situation during a fire depending on the method of its spread (arrows indicate the direction of fire spread): a – rectangular; b – rectangular double-sided; c - circular.

The above example shows that if reconnaissance is carried out promptly and the right decision is made in a timely manner, then the fire can be extinguished at an early stage.

Continuity is that reconnaissance should be carried out from the moment the unit goes to the fire and throughout the entire process of extinguishing the fire until it is completely eliminated. This means that the RTP, while still en route, establishes some data about the fire object according to operational documentation, according to incoming information from the fire communications dispatcher, etc. Upon arrival at the fire, it first conducts reconnaissance in one area, then moves to another, third, and so on. , then returns to the first section again, and everything repeats again. This is necessary because during reconnaissance in one area, the situation may change in another (fire can spread in hidden ways or in some area there is a threat of collapse of structures, etc.) and require adjustments to the earlier decision. Reconnaissance will indeed be continuous if, in addition to the RTP, each participant in the fire extinguishing conducts it in his own area. But RTP heads reconnaissance in the most complex and important area of ​​the fire.

Activity- this is a widespread use of the ingenuity of personnel and their resourcefulness. Intelligence activity is the manifestation of initiative, decisive and courageous actions of the persons conducting it. The experience of extinguishing fires shows that success in reconnaissance is achieved by those who act decisively. With active reconnaissance, success can be achieved not only in collecting data about the situation, but also in limiting the spread of a fire by putting into operation primary or stationary extinguishing means, carrying out original non-standard actions. Thanks to activity, it is often possible to provide timely assistance to people in danger and achieve other successes in extinguishing.

Credibility- genuine, unquestionable data, since only on the basis of complete and reliable data obtained by reconnaissance from various sources can the correct decision be made, leading to success in extinguishing the fire. Incomplete and unreliable data can lead to incorrect conclusions and lead to irreparable consequences.

Making a decision based on guesswork or assumptions alone is unacceptable.

The reliability of intelligence data is achieved through careful study, comparison and double-checking of them, and continuous reconnaissance.

Determination- orientation towards a specific goal, reconnaissance efforts should be focused on identifying data on which the success of the units’ activities in the fire depends. The purposefulness of reconnaissance is achieved by correctly defining tasks, setting them for the persons conducting reconnaissance, choosing the desired direction of movement, timely arming of units and reconnaissance groups, distributing directions for reconnaissance by several groups, as well as collecting all the information received in one center - the operational headquarters, and in the absence of an operational headquarters - at the RTP.

The purposefulness of reconnaissance largely depends on the ability to respond in a timely manner to changes in the situation and quickly move (send other groups) to those areas, information about which is currently of the greatest interest to the RTP. Purposefulness is especially important during reconnaissance when finding people.

The main task when extinguishing fires – rescuing people in the event of a threat to their life and health, achieving localization and elimination of the fire within the time frame and in the amount determined by the capabilities of the forces and means involved in extinguishing it.

To successfully complete the main task, a direction of action is determined, according to which the use of forces and means of units at a given time provides the most effective conditions for its solution (hereinafter referred to as the decisive direction).

When determining the principles of the decisive direction:

• there is a real threat to people’s lives, while their independence is impossible - the forces and means of the units are directed to saving people;
• the development of a fire creates a threat of explosion or collapse of building structures - forces and means of units are concentrated and deployed in areas that ensure the prevention of explosion or collapse of building structures;
• a fire has engulfed part of a building (structure), and there is a threat of its spread to other parts of the building (structure) or to neighboring buildings (structures) - forces and means of units are concentrated and deployed in directions where further spread of the fire can lead to the greatest damage;
• the fire has engulfed a separate building (structure) and there is no threat of the fire spreading to neighboring buildings (structures) - the forces and means of the units are concentrated and deployed in the places of the most intense burning;
• a building (structure) that is not of particular value at the time of arrival of the units is engulfed in fire, and there is a threat of the fire spreading to neighboring buildings (structures) - the forces and means of the units are concentrated and deployed to protect the non-burning buildings (structures).

To perform the main task, the following tools are used:

• , including vehicles adapted for fire extinguishing purposes;
• fire-technical tools and equipment, including personal respiratory protection equipment;
• fire extinguishing agents;
• emergency rescue equipment and machinery;
• fire protection systems and equipment for enterprises;
• special communication and control systems and devices;
• medicines, instruments and equipment for providing first aid to fire victims;
• other means, auxiliary and special equipment.

The personnel of fire departments is the main and decisive force in carrying out tasks of extinguishing fires and carrying out emergency rescue operations. Fire departments include: departments and guards. Four guards make up a fire department, several units make up a detachment, several detachments (units) make up a fire brigade. A squad on a fire tanker or fire pump is a primary tactical unit capable of independently performing individual tasks to rescue people, property and extinguish a fire.

The actions of units to extinguish a fire and carry out emergency rescue operations related to extinguishing fires include the following stages:

• receiving and processing a fire message (call);
• leaving and following to the place of fire (call);
• reconnaissance of the fire site;
• emergency rescue operations related to firefighting;
• deployment of forces and assets;
• elimination of fire;
• special works;
• collection and return to the permanent location.

Reception and processing of fire messages (calls)

Reception and processing of a fire (call) message is carried out by the dispatcher (radio telephone operator) of the unit (hereinafter referred to as the dispatcher) and includes:

• receiving information from the applicant about the fire (call) and registering it;
• assessment of the information received;
• making a decision on sending to the place of fire (calling) forces and means provided for by the schedule of departure of forces and means of fire departments, fire brigade garrisons to extinguish fires and carry out emergency rescue operations on the territory of a federal city or municipality (hereinafter referred to as the departure schedule) , a plan to attract forces and resources of fire departments, fire departments to extinguish fires and carry out emergency rescue operations in a constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

When information about a fire (call) is received by the dispatcher in whose departure area the fire (call) is located, the following actions are carried out:

• giving an “ALARM” signal;
• preparation and delivery (transfer) to the official heading the duty guard or the duty shift of the unit (hereinafter referred to as the head of the guard), a permit for going to a fire (call), as well as a fire extinguishing plan (card) (if any);
• providing fire brigade officials, identified in accordance with the appendix to the field schedule, with available operational information about the fire and the fire object.

Central fire communication points, fire department communication points.

1. The premises of the central fire communication points and fire department communication points are located, as a rule, on the right side of the garage along the exit route. In the wall adjacent to the garage, at a height of at least 0.6 m from the floor, a window measuring 1.2 x 1.5 m is installed for issuing exit permits. At the central fire communication points and fire department communication points, rest rooms for duty dispatchers (radio telephone operators) are provided.
2. Premises where workplaces with personal electronic computers are located are equipped with protective grounding (grounding) in accordance with the technical requirements for the operation of the machines. Radio stations and their remote controls are grounded. The walls and ceilings of the premises are lined with sound-absorbing materials.
3. The premises of central fire communication points and fire department communication points are equipped with emergency lighting that provides illumination not lower than 5% from the general illumination norm.
4. It is prohibited to place central fire communication points and fire department communication points in the ground and basement floors of buildings.
5. It is not allowed to leave the fire department communications center directly to the garage.

Departure procedure and route to the fire site

Departure and travel to the place of the fire (call) include the collection of personnel of the duty guard or the duty shift of the unit (hereinafter referred to as the guard) upon the signal “ALARM” and their delivery in fire trucks and other special vehicles to the place of the fire (call).

Departure and travel to the place of fire (call) are carried out in the shortest possible time, which is achieved:

• gathering and departure of guard personnel for a period of time not exceeding the norm;
• movement of fire trucks along the shortest route using special light and sound signals, taking into account traffic safety;
• knowledge of the characteristics of the departure area.

Proceeding to the place of fire (call) is suspended only by order of the dispatcher.

• In the event of a forced stop along the route of the lead fire truck, the vehicles following it stop and further movement continues only at the direction of the guard chief.
• If the second or following fire trucks are forced to stop, the rest, without stopping, continue to move to the place of the fire (call). The senior chief on a fire truck that has stopped moving immediately reports the incident to the dispatcher.

Occupational safety requirements when leaving and traveling to the scene of a fire (call)

• The collection and departure upon alarm of the guard on duty (shift) is ensured in accordance with the established procedure. At the “Alarm” signal, the personnel of the guard duty (shift) arrive at the fire truck, and the lighting in the guard room and garage is automatically turned on.
• When using a descent pole, the personnel of the FPS unit maintain the required interval and monitor those descending in front to prevent injury.
• When descending a pole, it is forbidden to touch its surface with unprotected parts of your hands, and after completing the descent, you should immediately make room for the next descent.
• The procedure for boarding the duty guard personnel (shift) into a fire truck is established by order of the head of the FPS unit, based on the safety conditions.
• When boarding, it is forbidden to run in front of fire trucks leaving on alarm, as well as to be under the roller shutters of the gate (at the moment the gate is raised, lowered and when the roller shutter is in the open state), or to start driving a fire truck out of the garage until the gate is fully opened. When landing outside the garage building, guard personnel (shift) are allowed to enter the site only after the fire truck has left the garage.
• The movement of the fire truck is carried out with the cabin doors and body doors closed. The landing is considered complete after the guard personnel occupy (change) their seats in the vehicle cabin and all doors are closed.
• The driver begins to move at the command of a senior official located in the fire truck.

Prohibited:

• a) give a command to move the fire truck until the guard personnel have boarded;
• b) to be in the fire truck for unauthorized persons, except for persons (accompanying) indicating the direction to the place of the fire (accident).

When leaving the garage and heading to the place of call, the driver turns on special sound and light alarms. He can take advantage of traffic priority only by making sure that they give way to him.

The head of the duty guard (shift) or the head of the FPS unit, who went at the head of the duty guard (shift) to the place of call, monitors the driver’s compliance with traffic rules.

Responsibility for the safe movement of the fire truck rests with the driver.

While fire trucks are in motion, personnel of the Federal Fire Service units are prohibited from opening cab doors, standing on the steps, except when laying a hose line, leaning out of the cab, smoking or using open fire.

It is prohibited to use a special sound and light signal simultaneously when a fire truck is not responding to a call (fire, accident), as well as when the fire truck is returning to the Federal Border Guard unit. In difficult weather conditions and at night, it is permissible to use a light signal to additionally identify oneself on the road, which does not provide an advantage and does not allow one to violate traffic rules.

The personnel of the duty guard (shift), who arrived at the place of call, leave the fire truck only by order of the squad commander or a senior official who arrived at the head of the duty guard (shift), after the fire truck has completely stopped.

Personnel of the Federal Guard Service units arrive at the scene of a fire, emergency rescue and special work, dressed in and provided with personal protective equipment, taking into account the tasks performed.

Collection and return to the place of permanent location (unit)

Collection and return to the place of permanent location (hereinafter referred to as return) are actions for the return of forces and assets of units from the site of the fire to the place of permanent location.

Before returning, the following activities are carried out:

• checking the presence of personnel of the unit who took part in extinguishing the fire and conducting emergency response;
• collecting and checking the completeness of firefighting tools and equipment;
• placement and fastening of firefighting tools and equipment on fire trucks;
• closing the covers of fire hydrant wells opened by unit personnel while extinguishing a fire and conducting emergency control operations.
• The head of the guard, the squad commander reports to the head of the fire extinguishing about the completion of the collection of forces and means of the unit at the scene of the fire and their readiness to return, after which the head of the fire extinguishing informs the dispatcher about their readiness to return.
• Return is carried out only after instructions from the fire extinguishing director.
• The return is carried out with tank trucks filled with water along the shortest route, while maintaining constant communication with the dispatcher.