A sample of an explanatory note to the annual financial statements. An example of filling out a note to the annual accounts

There are often situations when the tax inspectorate requires any explanations on the indicators that the organization or entrepreneur presented in the reporting. During desk audits, the tax inspector sends the request, indicating the deadline for fulfilling the requirement - 5 working days (Tax Code of the Russian Federation, clause 3 of article 88, clause 6 of article 6.1) In the article, we will tell you about a sample of an explanatory note to the tax office on demand, and give instructions on how to fill it out.

What is the explanatory note used for

An explanatory note should be drawn up, as a rule, in writing, supporting documents must be attached to it. So, if you received a letter from the tax office with a requirement to provide explanations, this means that the inspector did not like something in the report. Basically, the distribution of requirements is carried out during desk audits. "Cameralka" is carried out with the help of special programs in automatic mode.

Consider the cases when the tax authority has the right to require clarification:

1. If the submitted declaration reveals errors or discrepancies between the tax information and the data in the report;
2. If the tax amount in the revised declaration is less than in the original one;
3. If the income tax return is submitted.

When tax reports do contain errors, organizations and entrepreneurs can immediately send a revised declaration, and not an explanatory note (Tax Code of the Russian Federation 81, clause 1, article 81).

Any explanatory note is written in free form, there are no strict forms for writing it. A note on paper is served in one of the following ways:

1. personally by contacting the tax office;
2. by mail.

Explanatory note on personal income tax certificates

According to 2-NDFL certificates, tax authorities are not entitled to conduct desk audits, since these certificates are neither a calculation nor a declaration. However, when checking them, inaccuracies may arise and the Federal Tax Service Inspectorate may require an explanation. The tax authority may require an explanation of the reason for the discrepancy between the amounts of accrued, withheld and paid personal income tax of an employee, either if errors were found when submitting a deduction, or when the amount of personal income tax paid in the current year is less than the personal income tax of the previous year.

Explanatory note on the STS declaration

The requirement to provide explanations on the STS declaration is mainly due to discrepancies in the data on the amount of income in the report with receipts on the organization's current account. The tax authorities currently have access to the current account of an organization or an entrepreneur. And in cases where the results in the inspection and the results in the declaration differ, this requires clarification. Such discrepancies in amounts may be associated with receipts to the current account, which are not taken into account when calculating the company's income, for example, a refund from a supplier, help from the founders of the organization, loans, etc.

Explanatory note on losses

When tax authorities require an explanation of a loss in the declaration, it is necessary to justify the reason for its occurrence. Therefore, you need to provide documentary evidence of income and expenses, explain how the calculation was made, and also justify the occurrence of this loss. Extracts from accounting registers, contracts with suppliers, contracts with customers, etc. are suitable for documentary confirmation.

The more carefully you prepare the explanation, the fewer additional questions the tax office will have.

Explanatory note on VAT refundable

As with checking other declarations, if tax authorities identify errors in the VAT declaration, they require explanations. As a rule, if a VAT return is submitted for refund, the tax authority requires an explanation. If you submit your VAT return electronically, you must submit an explanation of it electronically. And explanations submitted in a different form will be recognized as not submitted. (Tax Code of the Russian Federation, clause 3, Article 88).

Errors in drawing up an explanatory note

In order to avoid possible mistakes when drawing up an explanation, you need to clearly understand what exactly the tax authorities require of you. Since there are no clear requirements for drawing up a note, the task is simplified, but a few points should be remembered:

1. As with any outgoing document, you must register a note under a specific number;
2. The explanation should include the name of the authority to which you are sending this note. This must be the tax authority at the place of registration of the organization or individual entrepreneur;
3. The note must contain the number of the claim that the tax office sent you;
4. In the text of the note, it is desirable to highlight sections, subsections, paragraphs and subparagraphs;
5. Attachments to the note should be properly formatted.

If the error indicated by the tax authorities in the report really exists, but it does not affect the final result and does not underestimate the tax base, the organization or entrepreneur can do the following: indicate in the explanatory note that “this error does not underestimate the tax base and does not reduce payments to the budget, correct read the value _______ ", or immediately submit an updated declaration.

Responsibility for Failure to Submit an Explanatory Note

Answers to common questions

Question number 1. "Do I need to notify the tax office that we have received a notice?"

Yes, indeed, at the present time, in some cases, the tax authorities should be notified that you have received a request (letter from the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation NED-4-15 / 1071 dated 01.21.2015).

Question number 2. “Our tax office has sent a request for explanations, which does not have a seal. Is this legal? "

Legally, on the requirements submitted by the Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service, the seal of the tax authority may be absent (letter of the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation NED-3-2 / 2739 dated 07.15.2015).

Question number 3. "If our organization ignores the requirement of the tax authorities and does not provide explanations, can we be fined?"

The tax authority does not have the right to charge you a fine for refusing to provide explanations. However, it is in your best interest to provide an explanation. based on the discrepancy between the data of the declaration and the tax authorities, you may be charged additional taxes or payments, and this is already more difficult.

An integral part of the financial statements is an explanatory note, which is attached to the annual. The text of the document provides basic information about the results of the organization's activities for the reporting period, characteristics of indicators and a description of their dynamics.

It is also necessary to justify the accounting policy of the enterprise, the effectiveness of its application, in connection with which, the note indicates:

• a set of separate accounting rules for assets and liabilities adopted by the accounting policy;
• reasons for its change and results;
• comparative analysis of the previous period with the reporting one;
• the consequences of adjusting accounting policies in comparison with the previous reporting period;
• results of adjustments for prior periods.

The note contains information and a brief description of the directions and types of activities - current, financial and investment. The document must indicate the main financial indicators that are of great importance and influence on the final result of activities for the reporting period, as well as the amount of profit and its distribution.

When submitting annual reports, small businesses do not need to draw up explanatory notes to the general set of documents. In accordance with the law, such an obligation to the tax authorities is not provided for them. If the organization uses the general taxation system (when revenue is determined from the volume of sales of goods or services), then in this case it is necessary to separately indicate the amount that is payable to the budget.

The characteristic of indicators should contain:

• data on the fixed assets of the enterprise: their receipt, initial and residual value, period of use and disposal;
• data on intangible assets;
• information about investments and investments;
• information about the general technical level of products or services provided.

The dependence and dynamics of their indicators can be reflected in graphical form, tabular or supported by diagrams.

An important part of the explanatory note is the conducted analytical studies of the actual performance indicators, a description of how exactly the property and financial situation of the enterprise has changed.

For short-term planning of activities, financiers reflect in the document the coefficients: current liquidity, solvency, and the ability to manage with their own funds. In long-term planning, investment flows, their volume, investment period, payback periods are assessed and the time point is calculated when the invested funds will begin to bring profit, and external investors are assessed.

Business activity is a serious indicator, since sales volumes and income directly depend on the reputation of the company, the customer base, the availability of export supplies, the degree of use of own funds and the level of fulfillment of the planned indicators.

The final part of the note describes the dynamics of the main indicators over the past several years, planned long-term and short-term investments, as well as other financial and economic measures aimed at improving performance.

The structure of the annual financial statements of organizations includes an explanatory note to the balance sheet-2017. There is no sample for this document, so you can create it in any form. In it, the accountant describes the most important changes that have occurred during the reporting period and characterizes the financial position at the end of the year. Learn how to do it right in this article.

Currently, the current legislation does not provide for the mandatory provision of an explanatory note to the balance sheet as part of the annual reporting. However, in most cases it is indispensable. There are no special requirements for this document, but it is desirable to draw up it without errors. Indeed, if the data does not correspond to those indicated in the report itself, the tax service may have questions. Let's see who, when, why and in what form should prepare explanations for the balance sheet?

Balance sheet notes and note are not the same thing

An explanatory note to the balance sheet, a sample of which can be seen in this article, does not replace an explanation of the balance sheet. By virtue of PBU 4/99 "Financial statements of an organization", the latter concept, in fact, deciphers individual reporting forms:

• statement of changes in equity;
• cash flow statement;
• other reporting forms and applications in the financial statements.

Whereas the note is an arbitrary transcript of the entire financial situation in the organization. It can contain both general information and detailed explanations of the lines of the balance sheet and the income statement. According to article 14 of the Federal Law of 06.12.2011 No. 402 and clause 4 of the order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 02.07.2010 No. 66n, this document is included in the annual financial statements. In particular, clause 28 of PBU 4/99 provides that business entities are required to draw up explanations to the balance sheet and Form No. 2 in the form of separate reporting forms and a general explanatory note. Although officials do not put forward any specific requirements for the form and content of this document, all organizations must submit an explanatory note with a balance sheet.

An exception to the general rule is representatives of small businesses, who have the right to draw up and submit accounting reports in a simplified form. They must provide only two mandatory forms: balance sheet and statement of financial results. They do not need to decipher the meanings and describe their financial situation. However, if such a desire arises, it is not forbidden to draw up this document.

Who needs an explanatory note to the annual financial statements and why

A sample of this important document is necessary for all users of financial statements to obtain more complete additional information about the financial and economic activities of a legal entity. Such information, as a rule, cannot be provided in other reporting forms, but it is important and of interest both to the founders or creditors of the company, and to the regulatory authorities. Data in this document can be included based on specific wishes, for example, of the board of directors, as well as based on the specifics of the economic situation at the enterprise by the end of the year. For example, if the income tax for the reporting period turned out to be significantly lower than the previous one, it makes sense to describe the reasons for this in the explanatory note, since the tax authority, having received such data, will still ask them to explain. By anticipating this desire, you can avoid not only unnecessary questions from the tax authorities and calls to the "carpet" to the inspection, but also an on-site inspection, which can be appointed within the framework of the office.

What information should be in the explanatory note

There are no legal requirements for the content of this document. Each accountant independently determines not only the composition and completeness of the data in it, but also the form in which it is more convenient to provide them:

• plain text;
• diagrams;
• tables;
• schemes;
• charts.

There is a general outline of this document. On its basis, you can get an idea of \u200b\u200bwhat information is appropriate to provide. The most complete note may contain, in particular, the following sections:

• general data of the organization (address, average annual number of employees, types of economic activities, management team, etc.);
• general data on the applied accounting policies;
• analysis of the current financial performance of the organization;
• textual and tabular explanations for the financial statements.

In order for the auditors to have as few questions as possible, the document should be sure to indicate at least brief information about accounting methods. This is especially true in areas such as:

• evaluation of goods, inventories and finished products;
• assessment of work in progress;
• depreciation of fixed assets;
• recognition of proceeds from sales.

In addition, if changes have been made to the accounting policy of the organization, you need to not only report this in a note, but also justify their reasons and necessity. An assessment of the result of changes in monetary terms must be present, namely the amount by which the assessment of financial statements has changed due to a change in the accounting method. If there are actions in the plans for the current year that affect the facts of the organization's economic activity or its continuity, for example, the upcoming liquidation of the organization, then this must be written in a note.

In the form of tables, it is desirable to provide the decryption of balance lines and form 2, in particular:

• data on changes in the capital of the organization (charter, reserve, additional, etc.);
• on the composition and movement of reserves for future expenses and payments;
• the estimated reserves of the organization;
• changes in the structure and volume of intangible assets and fixed assets;
• data on the leased property of the organization;
• information about financial investments, accounts receivable and payable;
• composition of production costs and other expenses;
• sales volumes of products, goods, works, services by type of activity of the organization and sales markets;
• data on ensuring the obligations of the organization;
• all extraordinary facts of the organization's economic activities in the reporting period and their consequences.

In addition to dry facts and figures, an analysis of the financial performance of the organization is encouraged in the explanatory note. This information is primarily of interest to founders, shareholders and investors, but this data will tell tax specialists a lot too. In particular, information about the organization's business activity and its position in the market will be beneficial when applying for VAT deductions or when opening foreign economic activity. If the work is not as rushed as desired, and the results of the activity for the year are losses, a well-written explanatory note with a detailed analysis of all factors will help avoid suspicions on the part of the tax authorities of using illegal methods of tax reduction. If it will be possible to find answers to all questions of interest to tax officials in the document, then it will be easier to avoid additional methods of supervision.

Explanatory note to financial statements, sample

In order for our readers to have an idea of \u200b\u200bwhat this document might look like, we took the conditional organization LLC "Horns and Hooves", which has been operating since 2005, is engaged in the production and sale of dairy products. Her chief accountant drafted this document as follows:

Explanations to the balance sheet of LLC "Horns and Kopyts" for 2017

1. General information

Limited Liability Company (LLC) "Horns and Hooves" was registered by the Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service No. 1 for St. Petersburg on March 29, 2005. Certificate of state registration No. 000000000, TIN 1111111111111111, checkpoint 22222222222, legal address: St. Petersburg, Nevsky prospect, 1.

The balance sheet of the organization was formed in accordance with the rules and requirements of accounting and reporting in force in the Russian Federation.

1. The authorized capital of the organization: 5,000,000 (five million) rubles, paid in full.
2. Number of founders: two individuals, O. M. Kurochkin and I. I. Ivanov and one legal entity OOO Moloko.
3. Primary activity: milk processing OKVED 15.51.
4. The number of employees as of December 31, 2016 was 165 people.
5. There are no branches, representative offices and separate subdivisions.

2. Significant accounting policies

The accounting policy of LLC "Horns and Hooves" was approved by the order of the director Ivanov I.I. dated 25.12.2013 No. 289. The straight-line depreciation method is used. Evaluation of inventories and finished products is carried out at actual cost. The financial result from the sale of products, works, services, goods is determined by shipment.

3. Information about affiliated persons

Ivanov Ivan Ivanovich - the founder of a 50% ownership interest in the management company, holds the position of General Director.

Oleg Mikhailovich Kurochkin is the founder of a 30% share of ownership in the authorized capital.

LLC "Moloko" - the founder of a 20% share of ownership in the authorized capital, a Russian organization (founders V.P. Petrov and Yu.K. Sidorov).

In the reporting period, the following financial transactions were performed with related parties:

• On March 12, 2017, the general meeting of the founders of LLC "Horns and Kopyts" reviewed and approved the financial statements of the organization for 2016. The meeting decided to pay at the end of 2016 a profit in the amount of RUB 3,252,000 to the founders based on their share in the authorized capital. Payment (taking into account the withholding of personal income tax for two individuals) was made on 01.04.2017;
• On May 25, 2017, LLC "Horns and Hooves" concluded with the founder of LLC "Milk" Yu.K. Sidorov an agreement on the purchase of non-residential premises worth 5,102,000 rubles. The cost of the transaction is due to an independent appraisal of the value of the property. Settlements under the contract were made in full on June 6, 2017, the act of acceptance and transfer of real estate was signed.

4. Key performance indicators of the organization for 2017

In the reporting year, the revenue of LLC "Horns and Kopyts" amounted to:

• for the main activity "production and sale of dairy products" - 385 420 020 rubles;
• for other types of activity - 650 580 rubles;
• other income: 170 800 rubles (sale of fixed assets).

Production and sales costs:

• purchase of fixed assets: 1,410,500 rubles;
• depreciation of fixed assets: 45,230 rubles;
• purchase of raw materials: 110,452,880 rubles;
• wage fund: 137,580,040 rubles;
• travel expenses: 238,300 rubles;
• rental of premises: 8 478 190 rubles;
• other expenses: 532,458 rubles.

5. Explanation of the balance sheet items as of 12/31/2017 (for example, payables)

The presence and movement of receivables

Index		Period	For the beginning of the year						Changes over the period						At the end of the year
			Recorded under contracts					Bad debt reserve	Received			Eliminated			The remainder
In thousands of rubles with a decimal point									Under agreements (transactions)	Fines, penalties, forfeit		Redeemed	Written off to fin. result	Written off to doubtful debt reserve	Current	Overdue
Total short term accounts receivable, including:		2017	25 489,3					(200,0)	15 632,7	300,4		(25 023,2)	(102,1)	(48,9)	15 726,1	522,1
buyers			20 409,0					(200,0)	10 015,5	300,4		(17 315,3)	(87,7)	(48,9)	12 750,9	522,1
suppliers			5080,3					-	5617,1	-		(7707,9)	(14,4)	-	2975,2	-
Total long-term receivables, including:		2017	50 000,0					-	-	-		-	-	-	50 000,0	-
on interest-free loans			40 000,0					-	-	-		-	-	-	40 000,0	-
TOTAL accounts receivable			30 489,3					(200,0)	15 632,7	300,4		(25 023,2)	(102,1)	(48,9)	65 726,1	522,1

6. Estimated liabilities and reserves

As of December 31, 2017, the organization formed an estimated liability for the payment of regular vacations of employees in the amount of 7,458,000 rubles, the number of unpaid vacation days is 67, the deadline is 2019.

The reserve for doubtful debts was formed in the amount of 600,000 rubles. in connection with the presence of an overdue and unsecured debt of LLC Girya in the amount of 522,000 rubles.

In 2017, the organization did not create a reserve for the reduction in the cost of inventories, since inventories have no signs of depreciation.

7. Salary

Accounts payable on wages as of December 31, 2017 as a whole for the organization amounted to 3,876,400 rubles. (payment for December 2017, due date: 12.01.2018). Staff turnover in the reporting period was 14.88%. The payroll number of employees as of December 31, 2016 - 165 people. The average monthly salary is 25,675 rubles.

8. Other information

(In this section, you need to describe all the extraordinary facts in the economic and economic activities of the organization for the reporting period, describe their consequences. You can also describe all other material facts that influenced in general and, in particular, on the balance sheet. You can list major transactions and counterparties on them for the reporting period, as well as write a forecast or events that have already happened after the reporting date and are significant.)

Director of LLC "Horns and Hooves" / signature / Ivanov I.I. 03/19/2018.

When drawing up an explanatory note, special attention should be paid to information about affiliated persons. It is advisable to draw up these data in a separate section, as required by paragraph 14 of PBU 11/2008. According to the law, it is necessary to disclose information not only about the founders of the organization itself, but also about the persons associated with them, therefore, if there is a legal entity among the founders (as in our example), it is necessary to indicate its participants or shareholders. In addition, information on transactions with related parties performed in the reporting period, as well as, regardless of the performance of transactions, on those legal entities and citizens that are recognized as affiliated, should be indicated.

Obviously, the competent preparation of an explanatory note to the financial statements can save the manager and accountant from additional communication with the regulatory authorities. It is important to remember that the detailing of information in this document depends only on its compiler - on the intention of the organization itself to disclose certain indicators for the year or not. The main and only requirement that the legislator makes for this document is that the information contained in the explanations must be reliable. The person who signed the document is responsible for its correctness.

Annual report for 2017 with the help of ConsultantPlus

All the necessary expert materials for the preparation of accounting and tax reporting for the year can be found in. It contains special material on this topic - a Practical Guide for the Annual Reporting-2017, which thoroughly examines all aspects and nuances, provides examples and step-by-step instructions, as well as samples of filling out all forms and forms.

The main purpose of drawing up an explanatory note is to decipher the indicators of the financial statements. A well-written explanatory note will position the inspectors for your company, greatly facilitate balance sheet delivery and reduce the likelihood of an extraordinary tax audit.

Explanations to the balance sheet and the income statement may consist of two parts - tabular and textual. To reflect quantitative data, it is more convenient to use the tabular form given in Appendix No. 3 to the order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 02.07.2010 No. 66n.

The numbers of the explanatory notes are indicated in column 1 ("Notes") of the balance sheet.

If the information presented in tabular form is not enough to fully disclose the picture of the financial condition of the organization (and this is how it most often happens), additional explanations are given in text form.

It is advisable to disclose in the application:

Fixed assets

Section 2 of the explanatory note to the balance sheet and income statement consists of four tables.

2.1. Availability and movement of fixed assets.

2.2. Uncompleted capital investments.

2.3. Changes in the value of fixed assets as a result of completion, retrofitting, reconstruction and partial liquidation.

2.4. Other use of fixed assets.

In table 2.1 enter information about the availability and the company. The data in the columns of the table is reflected separately for fixed assets, separately - for profitable investments in material assets. The information is presented with a breakdown into groups, respectively, of fixed assets and profitable investments. Data indicate for the reporting and previous years.

The presence of groups of fixed assets and profitable investments is reflected in the columns "At the beginning of the year" and "At the end of the period". The amount of accumulated depreciation must also be entered here.

In the column "Changes for the period" you should enter information about the receipt, disposal, revaluation of groups of objects, as well as the amount of depreciation charged on them.

Please note: in the case of revaluation of objects, the columns "Initial value" indicate the current market value or the current (replacement) value.

EXAMPLE. REFLECTION OF OS AND PROFITABLE INVESTMENT

Fixed assets

At the beginning of the reporting year, the balance of Aktiv JSC included a building and a car used by the administration.

Their initial cost was respectively 1,000,000 rubles. and 180,000 rubles., and the accrued depreciation - 240,000 rubles. and 36,000 rubles.

In addition, in the reporting year, "Aktiv" built a warehouse with an initial cost of 1,300,000 rubles.

Amounts of amortization accrued for existing and acquired objects in the reporting year were:

For a car - 24,000 rubles;

For buildings - 64,000 rubles.

Profitable investments

Let's assume that the main activity of Aktiv JSC is car rental. As of the beginning of the reporting year, the company had 10 rental cars with a total initial cost of 1,000,000 rubles.

The amount of depreciation charged on them was 250,000 rubles. During the reporting year, it increased by another 200,000 rubles.

In June of the reporting year, "Active" bought another car worth 180,000 rubles. (excluding VAT). For the year it was depreciated in the amount of 18,000 rubles.

The total amount of amortization accrued for the reporting period was 218,000 rubles. (200,000 + 18,000).

Thus, depreciation is charged in the amount of:

At the beginning of the reporting year - 250,000 rubles;

At the end of the reporting year - 468,000 rubles. (250,000 + 200,000 + 18,000).

The accountant will fill in Table 2.1 as shown on page 34 (to simplify the example, the data for the last year are not shown).

Table 2.2 reflects the cost of unfinished capital investments.

Incomplete capital investments include:

• unfinished operations for the acquisition, modernization and other similar activities with fixed assets. The information is presented with a breakdown by groups of fixed assets. Data are entered for the reporting and previous years.

Capital expenditures are reported in columns with a breakdown "At the beginning of the year", "Change for the period" and "At the end of the period".

Recall that there is no line in the balance sheet form to reflect information on unfinished capital investments. Therefore, this information is reflected in line 1170 "Other non-current assets".

On line 1140, the costs of capital investments in progress cannot be indicated, since they do not meet the requirements according to which the asset is taken into account as an item of fixed assets (clause 4 of PBU 6/01).

Table 2.3 should contain data on changes as a result of completion, retrofitting, reconstruction and partial liquidation.

In the rows of the table, the increase and decrease in the value of fixed assets are separately indicated. An increase can occur as a result of completion, retrofitting and reconstruction, and a decrease due to partial liquidation.

Information about the increase or decrease in value is indicated for each value of which has changed.

The data in the columns of Table 2.3 are for the reporting and previous periods.

Table 2.4 reflects information on other use of fixed assets of the company. Here, in particular, information about the cost is indicated:

• fixed assets that are transferred or received on lease and are recorded both on the balance sheet of the company and behind it;
• fixed assets transferred to conservation;
• real estate, which is accepted for operation and is actually used, but is on state registration;
• others (for example, transferred or received as a pledge, but used by the company).

The columns of table 2.4 indicate their cost:

• as of the reporting date (column 2);

Accounts receivable and payable

This section details the firm's receivables and payables. It consists of four tables.

5.1. The presence and movement of receivables.

5.2. Overdue accounts receivable.

5.3. The presence and movement of accounts payable.

To fill in the tables, use the data on the settlement accounts:

• 60 "Settlements with suppliers and contractors";
• 62 "Settlements with buyers and customers";
• 63 "Provisions for doubtful debts";
• 66 "Settlements for short-term loans and borrowings";
• 67 "Settlements for long-term loans and borrowings";
• 68 "Calculations of taxes and fees";
• 69 "Calculations for social insurance and security";
• 70 "Payments to personnel on remuneration";
• 71 "Settlements with accountable persons";
• 73 "Settlements with personnel for other operations";
• 75 "Settlements with founders";
• 76 "Settlements with different debtors and creditors".

First, divide all debt by maturity into short-term (must be paid within 12 months following the reporting date) and long-term (with a maturity of more than a year).

When filling out this section of the explanations to the balance sheet and the statement of financial results, in the column "At the beginning of the year", reflect the balance on the corresponding accounts as of January 1 of the reporting year: - debit, on accounts payable - credit.

In the column "At the end of the period" indicate the balances of accounts receivable and payable as of the end of the reporting year. The column "Changes for the period" reflects the inflow and outflow of debts, as well as the transfer of debt from long-term to short-term.

EXAMPLE. REFLECTION OF INFORMATION ON DEBT

Last year, Aktiv JSC issued an interest-free loan to the employee in the amount of 50,000 rubles. for a period of two years with a one-time repayment condition. In accounting, this transaction was reflected by the posting:

Debit 73, subaccount "Long-term receivables" Credit 50
- 50,000 rubles. - provided an interest-free loan.

At the beginning of the reporting year, these accounts receivable were reflected in the non-current assets of the balance sheet, and at the end of the reporting year (at the reporting date), the accountant transferred them to current assets. In analytical accounting, this operation is reflected by the record:

Debit 73, subaccount "Short-term receivables" Credit 73, subaccount "Long-term receivables"
- 50,000 rubles. - transfer from long-term to short-term debt.

In this case, the corresponding fragment of Table 5.1 "Asset" will look like this.

The Ministry of Finance of Russia recommends not to reflect in table 5.1 debts received and repaid (written off) in the reporting year. Therefore, include in this table only those receivables and payables that are outstanding at the end of the reporting year. For example, it is not required to reflect the debit and credit turnovers on account 70 "Payments with personnel". Therefore, the accountant should focus on the balances at January 1, 2016, tracking their disposal, and also reflect the receipt of debts that you have at December 31, 2016.

Table 5.2 reflects information on overdue receivables. Debt data is indicated by type. The columns indicate the amount of debt accounted for under the terms of the contract and the book value.

Book value is the value under the terms of the contract, reduced by the amount created for it.

• as of the reporting date (column 2);
• December 31 of the previous year (column 3);
• December 31 of the year preceding the previous one, i.e. the year before last (column 4).

Table 5.3 is intended to reflect data on the availability and movement of accounts payable. It is filled in by analogy with table 5.1.

Table 5.4 reflects information on overdue payables.

The columns indicate the data:

• as of the reporting date (column 2);
• December 31 of the previous year (column 3);
• December 31 of the year preceding the previous one, i.e. the year before last (column 4).

Explanations in text form

It is advisable to include essential information in the text part of the explanations:

• about your company;
• about her financial situation;
• on the comparability of data for the reporting and previous years;
• on the valuation methods and material items of the accounting statements;
• about any deviations from the accounting rules, if following them did not allow you to reliably reflect the property status and financial results of your company (clauses 6 and 37 of PBU 4/99);
• about changes in the accounting policy of the company for the next reporting year;
• on financial activities, such as buying shares in other companies;
• on the investment activities of the firm, for example, on the development of the material and technical base;
• on subsidiaries and dependent companies (Articles 105 and 106 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation);
• about the reorganization of the company;
• about events after the reporting date.

Information about the activities of the company

This section includes:

• a brief description of the size and structure of the company;
• a brief description of her usual activities;
• sales volumes of products, goods, works, services by type and geographic sales markets;
• data on extraordinary facts of economic activity and their consequences;
• information about the business activity of the organization;
• resource efficiency indicators, etc.

Provide information over time (over several years) if possible. At the same time, indicate the factors that influenced the financial results of the company in the reporting year.

The size of the firm (the scale of the business) can partly be judged by the size of its number of employees, the size of the production area and other resources.

Briefly describe the production structure of the organization: its production, workshop, service, as well as branches and representative offices.

When characterizing the activities of a company by type, do not skimp on details. Please provide information:

• on the assortment and volumes of products (work performed, services provided) for the reporting and previous years;
• about the directions of its investments;
• plans to expand or change the industry and type structure of the firm.

Disclosing information on the volume of sales of products (goods, works and services) by type, provide not only general data, but also information in the context of the main geographic regions of sale.

If extraordinary events occurred in the past year, then describe them in the explanations. This can be a fire, flood, technological accident, theft of property, and other similar situations.

Reflect also the economic consequences of these incidents: the amount of direct damage and liquidation costs, the amount received from the guilty citizens and organizations or from insurance companies, etc.

The following data indicate the business activity of the company:

• availability of contracts for export deliveries, indirectly confirming the quality of products (works, services) and the breadth of sales markets;
• the presence of well-known customers purchasing products, works and services of the firm;
• participation of the firm in research and development work, the effectiveness of such activities;
• environmental and other similar activities.

Information on beneficial owners

Since the end of last year, the company has a new responsibility. According to Federal Law No. 215-FZ of 23.06.2016, all companies are required to have information about their own to store it and document the accuracy of this data.

Thus, the Federal Law of 07.08.2001 No. 115-FZ (hereinafter - Law No. 115-FZ) "On Counteracting the Legalization (Laundering) of Criminally Obtained Incomes and Financing of Terrorism" added Article 6.1 "Obligations of a Legal Entity to Disclose Information about their beneficial owners ”, according to which individuals and legal entities have new rights and obligations.

Clause 7 of the new article establishes that information about the beneficial owners of a company is disclosed in its statements. Therefore, in the financial statements for 2016, special attention should be paid to the disclosure of data on their beneficial owners.

A beneficial owner is an individual who ultimately directly or indirectly (through third parties) owns (has a predominant share of more than 25% in the capital) a client - a legal entity or has the ability to control the client's actions (Article 3 of Law No. 115-FZ) ... Unlike Law No. 115-FZ, the Tax Code uses the term “interdependent persons”.

EXAMPLE. REFLECTION OF INFORMATION ABOUT BENEFICIARIES

IP Sidorov owns 51% of shares in JSC Alpha. In turn, Alpha is the owner of 60% of the shares in JSC Gamma. Since IP Sidorov does not directly own the shares of JSC Gamma, his participation in the capital of this company should be recognized as indirect. The share of Sidorov's indirect participation in JSC Gamma will be: 0.51 × 0.6 \u003d 0.306 or 30.6%. Consequently, Sidorov has a predominant stake in the capital (over 25%) and meets the characteristics of the beneficial owner of JSC Gamma.

1) have information about their beneficial owners and take reasonable and accessible measures in the current circumstances to establish the following information in relation to their beneficial owners:

• full Name;
• citizenship;
• date of Birth;
• details of the identity document;
• data of a migration card, a document confirming the right of a foreign citizen or stateless person to stay (reside) in the Russian Federation;
• address of the place of residence (registration) or place of stay;
• TIN (if any).

If it is not so easy to determine the beneficiary, then for safety net you need to have evidence confirming that the company has taken measures to establish it.

According to the explanations of Rosfinmonitoring of the Russian Federation, the documents confirming the adoption of such measures may be copies of requests to founders and responses to them:

2) regularly, but at least once a year, update information about their beneficial owners and document the information received;

3) store information about their beneficial owners and the measures taken to establish them for at least five years from the date of receipt of such information;

4) provide available documented information on their beneficial owners or on measures taken to establish information regarding their beneficial owners at the request of the authorized body, tax authorities or other federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation.

An administrative fine is established for failure to comply with the listed requirements (Article 14.25.1 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation):

• for officials - from 30,000 to 40,000 rubles;
• for legal entities - from 100,000 to 500,000 rubles.

In accordance with PBU 4/99 "BU", statements of income, cash flows and capital are supplemented with notes. The balance sheet is no exception. The explanatory note to the balance sheet is part of the enterprises. It contains detailed information on the items of income and expense.

About document

The explanatory note is part of the reporting. There is no unified form for filling it out. In general, the document should contain information that reflects the implementation of planned indicators. The note is drawn up based on the results of the financial statements and discloses information about the elements of accounting policies. Based on the materials provided, you can draw up a plan for future development.

Structure

An explanatory note to the balance sheet of a government institution should disclose the following data:

1. Describe the main activities, as well as the most significant factors of work.
2. Display the accepted methods of accounting.
3. Give a comparative description of the current and previous periods.
4. In case of data discrepancy, provide information on the reasons for their occurrence.

The basis for filling in the data is the balance sheet. The explanatory note to the balance sheet contains 19 sections. Let's consider them in more detail.

Organization data

1. Ownership and name of the legal entity.
2. The address.
3. Average annual number of employees at the reporting date.
4. Composition of control bodies.
5. Information about the founders.
6. Capital size.
7. Information about the auditors.
8. Availability of licenses.
9. Managment structure.
10. The amount of taxes paid in the reporting year.

Accounting policy information

The note displays the following data:

• rules for registering assets and liabilities;
• the cause and consequences of the policy change;
• data on accounting rules for the next year;
• the corrected data are indicated.

An explanatory note to the balance sheet of the institution, which is drawn up according to must include information about subsidiaries, group members, their location, the amount of their capital, the share of assets of each of them. The consequences of a policy change that may have an impact on the financial position or other results of the organization's activities are estimated in cash.

Information about assets and liabilities

An explanatory note to the balance sheet of the Republic of Belarus contains the following data on fixed assets:

• the initial cost and the amount of accrued depreciation at the beginning and end of the year;
• the period of use of the object;
• methods of calculating depreciation;
• movement of rented and fixed assets by groups;
• real estate objects at the stage of state registration, but accepted for operation;
• asset valuation methods;
• the amount of the asset markdown, which is transferred to retained earnings.

Filling out an explanatory note to the balance sheet is also to display data about the IBE:

• ways of estimating reserves;
• the consequences of changes in methods;
• the size and movement of funds for the decline in the value of values.

Information about loans, borrowings and financial investments is also displayed:

• availability, maturity dates, changes in the amount of debt;
• types, maturity dates of issued bills and bonds;
• the amount of interest costs, which is included in operating expenses and the cost of assets;
• the value of the weighted average rate;
• methods of evaluating investments upon their disposal and the consequences of their change;
• cost, types of securities encumbered with a pledge;
• the cost of the transferred central bank and financial investments;
• the composition and movement of the allowance for impairment losses;
• assessment of debt securities and loans taking into account the discount.

For assets and liabilities in foreign currency, the note displays:

• attributed to financial results or otherwise accounted for;
• the exchange rate of the Bank of Russia as of the reporting date.

Analysis of the balance sheet structure

This section includes an assessment of the economic condition of the enterprise. It is drawn up in accordance with the Instructions for controlling the solvency of subjects. The section analyzes all types of liquidity, the level of provision of funds, profitability, the level of financial dependence and stability.

The analytical part of the note should contain the procedure for calculating indicators. Let's consider the main ones.

1. Current liquidity - reflects the level of asset security. A high value of the ratio indicates a stable financial condition:

Ktl \u003d A2: (P5 - p. 640), where:

• A2 - the total of the second section of the balance sheet asset (p. 290);
• P2 is the result of the fifth section of the liability (p. 690).

2. Coefficient of provision with current assets - shows what part of the joint-stock company is formed at its own expense:

K ao \u003d (P3 + p. 640 - A1): A2, where:

• P3 - the third section of the liability (p. 490);
• A1 is the first section of the asset (page 290).

3. Coefficient of coverage of accounts payable - shows the organization's ability to pay off obligations after the sale of assets:

K kz \u003d (P4 + (P2 - p. 640)): WB, where:

• P4 - total of 4 section of the liability (p. 590);
• WB - balance sheet currency (p. 300).

An organization is considered insolvent if, within 4 quarters, an unsatisfactory balance sheet structure is displayed, as evidenced by the value of the debt coverage ratio at a level above 0.85.

4. The solvency index shows what part of short-term loans the company can repay at the time of reporting:

And pl \u003d (short-term overdue debt - long-term overdue debt): balance sheet currency.

Income and expense data

This part displays information on sales volumes and geography of sales markets, composition of costs, availability of reserves for future payments, structure of other income and expenses, emergency factors. Separately, information is given on contracts that provide for a non-monetary form of settlement: their number, share of proceeds, methods of determining the value of the transferred goods.

Activity assessment

The standard form of an explanatory note to the balance sheet contains a section that displays:

• breadth of sales markets, availability of export;
• the company's reputation in the market;
• level of performance indicators;
• efficient use of resources.

Change in balances

If in the reporting period there was a reorganization of the enterprise, then these data are entered in the balance sheet. An explanatory note to the balance sheet should contain information about the reasons and scope of changes. This section is also filled out if the data at the beginning of the year changes.

Affiliates

Drawing up an explanatory note to the balance sheet provides for the display of information on the presence of subsidiaries, founders and shareholders:

• their list;
• the nature of the relationship;
• reasons for referring to affiliates;
• types of transactions and methods for determining prices for them;
• share of owned shares.

Facts of activity

This section displays information about the organization's warranty and legal obligations, their value and the amount of the created reserve.

Joint venture data

1. Number of partnership agreements.
2. Activity goals.
3. Deposit amount.
4. The value of property and liabilities, profit or loss for the current year.
5. Information about the assets used and joint operations.

Segment information

The format of the explanatory note to the balance sheet for the FSS implies the presence of a section in which information about associations and unions is displayed - provided that the constituent documents stipulate that information on the financial statements is submitted in summary:

• list of divisions;
• the total amount of revenue;
• profit or loss;
• assets, liabilities, capital investments in fixed assets and intangible assets;
• the amount of depreciation charges;
• share in the net profit of subsidiaries;
• the amount of investments in joint activities.

Events after the reporting date

This section displays information about the facts of economic activity that strongly influenced the value of assets and liabilities. They need to be fully disclosed. Failure to display data can influence the decision of users of financial statements. Events are recorded in the note, but no changes are made to the report. An assessment of the consequences in monetary terms must be documented or indicate that this is impossible.

A copy of the explanatory note to the balance sheet may contain the following facts:

• declaring the debtor of the organization bankrupt;
• the assessment of assets, the results of which confirm the change in their value;
• obtaining data on the financial condition of a subsidiary whose securities are quoted on the stock exchange;
• selling inventory at an overpriced price;
• declaration of dividends;
• reimbursement of a claim from an insurance company;
• making a court decision requiring the creation of a reserve;
• reorganization, reconstruction of the organization;
• making a decision on the issue of securities;
• transaction related to the purchase and sale of fixed assets;
• fire, emergency that resulted in the destruction of some of the assets;
• termination of the main activity;
• decrease in the cost of fixed assets;
• actions of state authorities;
• unpredictable changes in exchange rates, asset prices.

State aid

An explanatory note to the balance sheet of an educational institution and any other organization that receives assistance from the budget should contain information about:

• the nature and value of receipts of funds and loans;
• targeted use of financial resources;
• unfulfilled conditions for the provision of funds and related obligations.

Environmental performance

A sample explanatory note to the balance sheet of enterprises whose activities have a negative impact on the environment differs from the standard document. Additionally, it is entered:

• data reflecting the degree of impact (emissions, waste);

• information on land reclamation;

• data on the costs of environmental protection.

Information about JSC

An example of an explanatory note to the balance sheet, presented below, contains the following information about the Central Bank:

• the number of issued and paid securities, their par value;
• movement of shares at the beginning and end of the period;
• the cost of securities belonging to the JSC and its subsidiaries;
• availability of reserves and the purpose of their creation.

In case of additional issue, the following shall be indicated:

• the reason for the release;
• date;
• conditions of sale;
• the number of issued ordinary shares;
• the amount of proceeds from the placement.

Section 17

This item displays the data required by PBU 18/02:

conditional expense (income) under the NPP;

differences resulting in tax adjustments;

PNO, IT, IT;

reasons for changes in tax rates;

the amounts of IT and IT written off in connection with the disposal of fixed assets.

Termination of activity

If the organization is at the stage of liquidation, then the final balance sheet is submitted to the FTS. The explanatory note to the balance sheet contains the following information:

description of the liquidated activity;

date of completion of work;

the cost of property and obligations to be disposed of;

movement of funds within the framework of current, investment and financial activities;

the amount of receipts, expenses, profits, losses before tax, assessed by the NPP;

cancellation of liquidation.

Other indicators

There are few of them, but you shouldn't discount them:

competitiveness of goods;

credit policy, solvency;

information about the property transferred and received for management.

Example of an explanatory note to the balance sheet

Explanations to the balance sheet of JSC "Organization" for 2015:

1. General data

The Joint Stock Company "Organization" was registered by the Federal Tax Service Inspectorate No. 5 for the city of St. Petersburg on October 28, 2010 (Further, the checkpoint, TIN, data of the state registration certificate, address are provided.)

The balance sheet was drawn up in accordance with the current accounting and reporting rules (IFRS).

Authorized fund: 2,000,000 (two million) rubles.

Number of ordinary shares: 1,000 with a par value of 2,000 (two thousand) rubles.

The main type of employment: milk processing (OKVED 15.50).

The composition of the founders of the persons:

Ivanov Andrey Sergeevich - member of the Board of Directors;

Averin Stepan Pavlovich - member of the Board of Directors.

2. Accounting policies

Order for accounting policy No. 158 was signed by the director on December 25, 2013. (the provisions are briefly described: methods of calculating depreciation, assessing liabilities and assets, etc. ).

3. The structure of the balance sheet (the proportion of each line of the balance sheet is shown and the changes in indicators are calculated).

4. Assessment of the value of assets (the value of the property is related to the capital).

5. Analysis of financial indicators (calculates liquidity, profitability, stock coverage, level of financial dependence, etc.).

6. Composition of OS (mln rubles) - for convenience, we will present it in the form of a table.

7. Liabilities and reserves

As of December 31, 2015, an estimated liability was created to pay for vacations in the amount of RUB 1.5 million, the number of days is 66, the term of use is 2016. The reserve for doubtful debts was formed in the amount of 1.687 million rubles. due to the presence of overdue and unsecured debt of LLC "Enterprise". There is no provision for depreciation of inventories, as there are no signs of their depreciation.

8. Labor and wages

The wage arrears for December 2015 are 1.79 million rubles. Payment term - 15.01.16. Staff turnover - 24.99%, payroll - 166 people. The average monthly salary is 20,765 rubles.

9. Issued and received collateral (types are indicated).

Director of JSC "Organization" Signature

Output

At the end of the calendar year, the balance sheet is submitted to the Federal Tax Service. An explanatory note to the balance sheet is drawn up in any form. It can contain tables and charts. It provides a variety of details of information: from accounting policies to the calculation of financial indicators. The main requirement is that the information must be reliable and useful to users.